BSBMED301B - Medical and Health Resources · Medical terminology is used in many forms of communication and may include: o Abbreviations for medical and pharmacological terms o Causes

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BSBMED301B Interpret and Apply

Medical Terminology Appropriately

Medical Administration Training

Written by Jennifer Atkins www.mediweb.com.au


Copyright

Copyright © Jennifer Atkins 2013.2

© 2009 Version 1

This training manual is copyright under the Copyright Act 1968.

Any third party copyright material included in this publication is attributed.

Jennifer Atkins asserts her ownership of the Intellectual Property contained in this

training manual. All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, utilised,

distributed, or translated into any other language in whole or in part, in any form or

by any means, by any other party whether it be electronic, manual, photocopying,

recording, or otherwise.

Copying without authorisation is illegal.

Disclaimer

Every attempt has been made to ensure this workbook is free from errors or

omissions. However, as an educational resource, all effort should be made to

ensure you seek professional advice before relying on any statement or fact

contained herein. Material in this workbook is current at the time of writing.

Jennifer Atkins Medical Administration Training

www.mediweb.com.au


Table of Contents

RESOURCES: HELPFUL WEBSITES ............................................................................ 7

BSBMED301B: INTERPRET AND APPLY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY APPROPRIATELY ... 9

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 11

WHAT IS MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY? 12

HOW IS MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY COMMUNICATED? 13

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES 14

SPECIALIST AREAS OF MEDICINE 19

CHECKLISTS 21

LEARNING MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ..................................................................... 25

ROOT WORD 26

COMBINING VOWEL 27

COMBINING FORM 27

PREFIX 28

SUFFIX 28

RULES WHEN JOINING MEDICAL TERMS TOGETHER 30

LITERAL MEANING OF MEDICAL TERMS 38

SEEK CLARIFICATION 39

DICTIONARY MEANING VERSUS LITERAL MEANING 40

AUSTRALIAN VERSUS AMERICAN SPELLING 42

SINGULAR AND PLURAL WORDS 44

PRONUNCIATION 46

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ACTIVITIES 48

MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................... 55

MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS WRITTEN ON SCRIPTS 56

LIST OF COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS 60

SYMBOLS 62

SYSTEMS OF THE BODY ........................................................................................ 69

ELEVEN MAIN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY 69

ANATOMICAL PLANES AND POSITIONS ................................................................ 77

PLANES OF THE BODY 78

BODY CAVITIES 79

BSBMED301B%20Interpret%20and%20Apply%20Medical%20Terminology%20Appropriately%20LEARNER%20GUIDE%202012%20v1%20CONCISE%20VERSION%203%20July%202012.doc#_Toc329009974






DIRECTION AND LOCATION 80

LIST OF TERMS FOR POSITION AND DIRECTION 82

MOVEMENT OF JOINTS 83

ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS AND REGIONS 85


INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM ................................................................................... 93

INTERESTING FACTS ON THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 94

THE LAYERS OF THE SKIN 95

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN 95

SKIN COLOUR 96


GLOSSARY OF INTEGUMENTARY TERMS 114

SKELETAL SYSTEM .............................................................................................. 117

INTERESTING FACTS ON THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 118

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON 119

TYPES OF FRACTURES 120

THE FIVE SECTIONS OF THE SPINE 123


NAMES OF SKELETAL BONES 139

GLOSSARY OF SKELETAL TERMS 141

MUSCULAR SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 143

INTERESTING FACTS ON THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 144

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED 145

MAJOR MUSCLES OF THE BODY 145


GLOSSARY OF MUSCULAR TERMS 161

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ............................................................................................. 163

INTERESTING FACTS ON THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 164

FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 166

PATIENT INFORMATION SHEET 169


GLOSSARY OF DIGESTIVE TERMS 186














CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ................................................................................ 189

INTERESTING FACTS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 190

FUNCTIONS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR ORGANS 191

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG) 194

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE 197


GLOSSARY OF CARDIOVASCULAR TERMS 212

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 215

INTERESTING FACTS ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 216

FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION 217

ASTHMA 220


GLOSSARY OF RESPIRATORY TERMS 235

NERVOUS SYSTEM ............................................................................................. 237

INTERESTING FACTS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 238

THE BRAIN AND THE SENSES 240

FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 241

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM .......................................................................................... 243

INTERESTING FACTS ON THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 244

FUNCTIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS 245

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 249

INTERESTING FACTS ON THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 250

THE ROLE OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 251

FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPHATIC ORGANS AND TISSUES 252

URINARY SYSTEM .............................................................................................. 255

INTERESTING FACTS ON THE URINARY SYSTEM 256

HOW DOES YOUR BODY REMOVE WASTE? 257

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 257

FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY ORGANS 259









REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ..................................................................................... 261

INTERESTING FACTS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 262

FUNCTIONS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 263

RADIOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 267

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT RADIOLOGY 267

X-RAY 268

CT SCAN (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY): 268

ULTRASOUND 269

MRI (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING) 270


GLOSSARY OF RADIOLOGY TERMS 284

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT PATHOLOGY 289

PATHOLOGY....................................................................................................... 289

NINE DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES OF PATHOLOGY: 290


GLOSSARY OF PATHOLOGY TERMS 303

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA ....................................................................................... 305





RESOURCES: HELPFUL WEBSITES

Professional Associations and Medical Standards

AGPAL Australian General Practice Accreditation Ltd www.qip.com.au

Australian Association of Practice Managers www.aapm.org.au

Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency http://www.ahpra.gov.au/

Australian Medical Association (AMA) www.ama.com.au

General Practice Computer Standards http://www.racgp.org.au/your-

practice/e-health/cis/ciss/

General Practice Registrars Australia www.gpra.org.au

Health Services Commission http://www.health.vic.gov.au./hsc/

Medical Practice Act 1992

www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/mpa1992128/s167.html

NSW Rural Doctors Network www.nswrdn.com.au

Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) www.racgp.org.au

State and Territory Doctors Health Advisory www.doctorshealth.org.au

Medical and Health Reference sites

National vaccine storage guidelines http://www.immunise.health.gov.au

Alcohol Awareness Site

http://www.drinkingnightmare.gov.au/internet/DrinkingNightmare/publishing.nsf

Australian Doctor Online Newspaper http://www.australiandoctor.com.au

Cancer Screening Government Site http://www.cancerscreening.gov.au/

Department of Health and Aged Care www.health.gov.au

Department of Health, Victoria http://www.health.vic.gov.au

Doctors Reference Site www.drsref.com.au

Government Website About Health Issues www.healthinsite.gov.au

How Do You Measure Up

http://www.measureup.gov.au/internet/abhi/publishing.nsf

http://www.aapm.org.au/

http://www.ahpra.gov.au/

http://www.ama.com.au/

http://www.racgp.org.au/your-practice/e-health/cis/ciss/

http://www.racgp.org.au/your-practice/e-health/cis/ciss/

http://www.gpra.org.au/

http://www.health.vic.gov.au./hsc/

http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/mpa1992128/s167.html

http://www.nswrdn.com.au/

http://www.racgp.org.au/

http://www.doctorshealth.org.au/

http://www.immunise.health.gov.au/

http://www.drinkingnightmare.gov.au/internet/DrinkingNightmare/publishing.nsf

http://www.australiandoctor.com.au/

http://www.cancerscreening.gov.au/

http://www.health.gov.au/

http://www.health.vic.gov.au/divisions/index.htm

http://www.drsref.com.au/

http://www.healthinsite.gov.au/

http://www.measureup.gov.au/internet/abhi/publishing.nsf


Infection Control Guidelines For a Health Setting

http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/node/30290

National Skin Cancer Awareness www.skincancer.gov.au

Quit Smoking www.quitnow.info.au

Royal District Nursing Service www.rdns.com.au

Seniors Reference Site www.seniors.gov.au

Online Medical Dictionaries

Medical Dictionary and Abbreviations http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au

Medical Dictionary http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php

Medical Dictionary www.medterms.com

Medical Dictionary www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/medical_dictionary.asp

Medical Dictionary http://www.mydr.com.au/medical-dictionary

Spell Check www.spellex.com/speller.htm

Medical Abbreviations

Abbreviations http://www.medilexicon.com/medicalabbreviations.php

Acronyms www.drsref.com.au/acronyms

Health Thesaurus

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-

thesaurus.htm

http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/node/30290

http://www.skincancer.gov.au/

http://www.quitnow.info.au/

http://www.rdns.com.au/

http://www.seniors.gov.au/

http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/

http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php

http://www.medterms.com/

http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/medical_dictionary.asp

http://www.mydr.com.au/medical-dictionary

http://www.spellex.com/speller.htm

http://www.medilexicon.com/medicalabbreviations.php

http://www.drsref.com.au/acronyms/

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-thesaurus.htm

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-thesaurus.htm


BSBMED301B: Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology Appropriately

About this unit

This unit provides participants with advanced medical terminology skills for general

practice, specialist rooms, hospitals and allied health environments. Topics:

o Learn the structure of medical words

o Prefix/Root/Suffix

o Basic and advanced terminology

o Systems of the body

o Abbreviations and symbols

o Pronunciation of medical terms.

This unit will teach you the skills and knowledge to be able to:

Respond appropriately to instructions which contain medical terminology

Carry out routine tasks

Use appropriate advanced medical terminology in oral and written

communication.

About this book

This book is suitable for participants in a range of situations, from classroom based

learning to distance education learning.

The book is developed as a step-by-step learning guide. You are to complete each

chapter before moving onto the next section. Activities are provided for you to work

through, and once the relevant skills are developed then you can move on to the

next part of the book.


As this is a nationally recognised unit, the activities throughout the book will require

you to draw upon your experiences in life, and your mock experiences in a medical

environment. These exercises form the basis of your learning so you will develop the

skills necessary to meet the required competency for the unit. Competency in the

unit will be demonstrated through the completion of the various activities and

assessments as determined by your assessor.

Nationally Accredited Qualification: This unit is nationally recognised under the

Australian Qualifications Framework. Upon completion of this unit you will be

awarded competency in BSBMED301B: Interpret and Apply Medical Terminology

Appropriately.


Effective communication with staff and patients is important in any environment;

however it is critical in a medical environment as it underpins patient welfare. While

doctors talk to their patients in non-medical or layman’s terms, they use medical

terminology in records, reports and correspondence. Often a doctor will pass on

verbal instructions to employees, assuming there is an understanding of what these

instructions mean. For this reason it is an integral part of the medical office worker’s

training to be able to recognise and understand medical terminology. The time spent

learning this new language ensures you will confidently communicate with patients

and other medical workers.

A medical environment is among the busiest of all work environments. A medical

office worker is responsible for a wide range of daily tasks which includes scheduling

patient appointments, filing, handling payments, typing reports and letters,

recording information and maintaining an organised and safe working environment.

Medical terminology is embedded in each of these duties.

Introduction


What is Medical Terminology?

Medical terminology is used in many forms of communication and may include:

o Abbreviations for medical and pharmacological terms

o Causes to changes in the systems of the body

o Common medical conditions including illnesses, injuries and diseases

o Departments/sections in a hospital

o Health insurance terminology

o Interrelated functions of the body, locations and diseases (e.g. functions of

the skeletal system, locations of skeletal injuries, skeletal diseases)

o Knowledge of medical specialties and the names and titles of doctors working

in specialist fields

o Medical conditions

o Medical equipment and instruments

o Medical investigations and procedures

o Medicare terminology

o Medications

o Referrals

o Terms to describe onset and/or nature of disease.


Specialist Areas of Medicine

What types of specialists do patients see?

Patients will see a variety of specialists, all of whom require a referral. There are

many different types of specialists. Below is a list of some of the more common

specialists and the area they specialise in.

Specialist Area Study of…

Cardiology The heart

Dermatology The skin

Endocrinology The glands and their secretions

Gastroenterology The stomach and intestines

Gynaecology and

Obstetrics

The female reproductive system (Gynaecology) and

pregnancy and childbirth (Obstetrics)

Haematology The blood

Immunology The immune system

Neurology The nervous system

Oncology Cancer

Ophthalmology The eyes

Orthopaedics The skeleton

Paediatrics Children

Psychiatry The mind

Rheumatology The rheumatic system, including joints, muscles, connective

tissues, and soft tissues around the joints and bones

Urology The urinary system


Which specialist department do you think patients would be referred to for the

following conditions?

Physical condition Specialist area required

Chronic intestinal pain

Chronic Back injury

Pregnancy

Stomach ulcer

Fibromyalgia

Chronic eye infections

Scarring caused by acne

Schizophrenia

Persistent urinary tract infections

Low iron stores


Introduction

Learning Medical Terminology is similar to learning a new language. In fact medical

terms are based on Latin and Greek words. It is common to feel overwhelmed by the

number of new words and terms that are part of a medical environment. However

you will be pleased that even the longest medical word can be broken down into

components and learnt. The terms you will learn in this book describe common

conditions, diseases, and their diagnosis and treatment.

There are five basic parts to a medical word:

Root word

Combining vowel

Combining form

Prefix

Suffix

Learning Medical Terminology


Try to read the following terms and determine their meaning:

Periarthritis [peri (around) arthr (joint) itis (inflammation)]

Epigastric [Epi (above) gastr (stomach) ic (pertaining to)]

Tachycardia [Tachy (fast) card (heart) ia (pertaining to)]


Rule 3 – Joining a combining form word to a suffix

When combining certain root words to a suffix the combining vowel is removed. This

is because the suffix starts with a, e, i, o, or u.

For example the word oste means bone.

If the suffixes pathy and itis are added to the root word oste the following happens.

Oste/o + pathy = Osteopathy (disease of the bone)

Oste/o + itis = Osteitis (inflammation of the bone)

Notice that in osteitis the combining vowel has been removed, because -itis starts

with a vowel. Note that when a root word is joined with a suffix, the combining

vowel remains in place as long as the suffix does not begin with a vowel.

Combine the following words with a suffix: Will you keep or remove the combining

vowel?

Gastr/o + pathy _______________________________________________________

Gastr/o + tomy ________________________________________________________

Gastr/o + stomy _______________________________________________________

Gastr/o + scope ________________________________________________________

Gastr/o + ectomy ______________________________________________________

Gastr/o + itis __________________________________________________________


Complete the following table to add the prefix to the joining word to make medical

terms. Use the table on the following page to assist. The first word has been

completed for you.

Prefix Meaning Joining word Medical term Meaning of medical word

Epi Above Gastric Epigastric Pertaining to above the

stomach

Micro Small Scope

Dys Painful Pnoea

Hypo Below/Low Tension

Complete the following table to add the suffix to the joining word. Use the table on

the following page to assist. The first word has been completed for you.

Suffix Meaning Joining word Medical term Meaning of medical word

Logist Specialist

who studies

Cardio Cardiologist Specialist who studies the

heart

Tomy Incision Gastro

Ectomy Removal of Mast

Logy Study of Bio

Pathy Disease Gastro


Body Parts with Multiple Root Words

Because medical terminology is based on Latin and Greek words, it is possible that a

body part will have terms which are derived from both languages. One such example

is the nose. The Latin derived word for nose is nas/o and the Greek derived word is

rhin/o. Although both these root words mean nose they are not always

interchangeable, which means some medical words will use nas/o and others will

use rhin/o. For example:

Nasogastric tube - is a tube inserted into the stomach through the nose

The root word cannot be changed to rhin/o, as the accepted term uses the root word

nas/o. Therefore nasogastric is correct and rhinogastric is not correct.

Rhinoplasty - is a surgical repair of the nose

The root word cannot be changed to nas/o, as the accepted term uses the root word

rhin/o. Therefore rhinoplasty is correct and nasoplasty is not correct.

If you are unsure which root word to use, check your dictionary as it will display the

correct choice of term.

Which root word will you use for the following words?

(Use your dictionary to assist you)

Meaning Possible terms (circle the

correct one)

Correct root word

Relating to the nose (Nasal, Rhinal)

Visual examination of the nose (Nasoscopy, Rhinoscopy)

Study of the nose (Nasology, Rhinology)


Literal Meaning of Medical Terms

The literal meaning of medical terminology may sometimes prove to be misleading,

as the original meaning of terms is not always accurate. When the literal meaning

makes no sense it will be necessary to seek clarification from a medical dictionary.

For example:

Medical term Literal meaning Accepted meaning

Anaemia No blood; without blood

An means without; aemia means

condition of blood.

Low haemoglobin in the

red blood cells.

Ambidextrous Both right

Ambi means both; dextro means

right.

Able to use either hand

equally well.

Hysterical Pertaining to the womb.

Hyster/o means womb, which was

once believed to be the source of

uncontrollable emotions; ical

means pertaining to.

Uncontrollably emotional.

Orthopaedic Straightening children.

Orth/o means straight; Paed/o

means child. Historically

orthopaedics straightened

children’s bones and deformities.

Specialty dealing with the

correction of skeletal

conditions.


Dictionary Meaning Versus Literal Meaning

The word hypertension can be split into hyper which means high and tension which

means stretch or pressure. But this does not describe the true meaning of the word.

Hypertension comes from pressure made by your blood against your arteries, and is

correctly defined as high blood pressure. You would need to look in your dictionary

to find its correct meaning.

Below is part of the entry for the word “hypertension” in the Oxford Mini-dictionary

for Nurses

Hypertension (hy-per-ten-shŏn) n. High blood pressure,

i.e. elevation of the arterial blood pressure above the

normal range expected in a particular age group.

Compare the literal meaning and the dictionary definition for the following words.

Medical term Literal meaning Dictionary definition

Epidermis

Osteophyte


Australian Versus American Spelling

For many words there are two ways of spelling them. It is important to be aware that

some spell checks will recognise the American spelling and not the Australian or

English spelling. American spelling of medical words do not acknowledge any silent

vowels, which means an ‘o’ or an ‘a’ that is not pronounced is not spelt. The other

major difference is with the spelling of words where the ‘c’ is pronounced as a ‘k.’

American spelling will spell it with a ‘k’ whereas Australian spelling is with a ‘c’.

Common examples are:

Australian / English American

Oedema Edema

Haematology Hematology

Colour Color

Anaesthesia Anesthesia

Foetal Fetal

Paediatrician Pediatrician

Diarrhoea Diarrhea

Haemorrhoid Hemorrhoid

Leucocyte Leukocyte

Oesophagus Esophagus

Sulphate Sulfate

Vaporise Vaporize

Underline the part of each Australian/English medical word which is omitted or

altered in the American spelling.


The following words have been spelt incorrectly. To spell them correctly refer to

the previous table or look up each word in a medical dictionary.

American spelling Australian / English spelling

Esophagitis

Edema

Tumor

Orthopedic

Hemostasis

Anesthesia

Hemoglobin

Leukopenia

Diarrhea

Behavior

Dyspnea

Hematologist

Anemia

Fiber


Eleven Main Systems of the Human Body

There are many systems in the body. However, the main systems of the body are:

1. Integumentary

2. Skeletal

3. Muscular

4. Digestive

5. Cardiovascular

6. Respiratory

7. Nervous

8. Endocrine

9. Lymphatic

10. Urinary

11. Reproductive

1. Integumentary system

The integumentary system consists of the skin, its glands, hair

and nails. The skin is considered the largest organ of the body.

This is because the surface area of the skin on an average adult

is 2 m2 and represents 16 percent of the body’s total weight.

The skin functions as a protective covering for the underlying

tissues, and regulates body temperature among other functions.

It consists of two main layers, the dermis and epidermis. The

epidermis is the outer most layer of the skin. The dermis is the

second layer of the skin. Its main purpose is to sustain and

support the epidermis.

Systems of the Body


2. Skeletal system

The skeletal system includes the bones and joints of the body. The

bones are the framework that the body is constructed around. It

protects and supports the body, and assists the muscles with

movement of the body. The skeleton consists of 208 bones in

adults, and includes the axial skeleton (bones of the head and

torso) and the appendicular skeleton (bones of the arms and legs).

3. Muscular system

The muscular system includes all the muscles of the body. The

muscles make up between 40 to 50 percent of the body’s

weight. It’s function is to provide movement for the body.

There are three types of muscles; skeletal muscles, cardiac

muscles and smooth muscles.

4. Digestive system

The digestive system, also known as the gastrointestinal tract

(GIT) or the alimentary system, is a system of tubes which

receives food and liquids at the mouth, and expels solid

material at the anus. The digestion system has three main

functions: Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination. The digestive

tract consists of the following organs: Mouth, Oesophagus,

Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, and Anus.

The following organs help with digestion but are not part of the

digestive tract: Tongue, Salivary glands, Pancreas, Liver, and

Gallbladder.


5. Cardiovascular system

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood,

arteries, veins and capillaries which carry oxygenated blood

from the heart to the cells in the body as well as the systemic

capillaries and veins which carry deoxygenated blood from the

body back to the heart. Oxygen rich blood travels from the left

side of the heart via the aorta to various parts of the body.

Once all the oxygen in the blood is used up, it travels to the

right side of the heart, which pushes it to the lungs via the

pulmonary artery. In the lungs the blood becomes oxygenated

again, and finally returns to the left side of the heart where

the process begins again.

6. Respiratory system

The respiratory system includes the organs required for

respiration. It is also referred to as the pulmonary system. The

various parts of the respiratory system are required for the

process of inhalation (breathing in) and exhalation (breathing

out). The respiratory system consists of the following organs:

Nose, Nasal Passages, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi,

Lungs, Pleura, Alveoli and Diaphragm.

7. Nervous system

The nervous system is a complex system of the brain, spinal

cord and nerves. It consists of a central nervous system (brain

and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (cranial and

spinal nerves). The nervous system utilises electrical and

chemical pathways to send and receive messages and reacts

to changes outside and inside the body. It informs the body of

changes to its internal and external environment. The result of

these messages affects the way we learn, move, think and

behave.


8. Endocrine system

The endocrine system is made up of organs which produce

essential hormones, such as the thyroid and pituitary

glands. They regulate growth, metabolism and

reproduction. It is fundamental in regulating growth and

repair, development and homeostasis (constant internal

balance), mood and metabolism, sexual function and

reproduction. It is in control of body processes which occur

over a slow period, such as cell growth.

9. Lymphatic system

The lymphatic system consists of the spleen, tonsils,

thymus, ducts, lymph nodes and blood vessels which

transport lymph around the body. These organs transport

lymphocytes which protect the body from infection,

transport lipids (fats) from the small intestine into the

bloodstream, and drain excess fluid from body tissues.

10. Urinary system

The urinary system is also referred to as the excretory

system. If consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and

urethra. It filters toxins and waste products which the

blood has collected from the cells.

11. Reproductive system

The male and female reproductive systems are designed for

multiplication of life. New life develops when the sperm

(which is made in the male’s testes) fertilises the ova (which

is made in the female’s ovaries).The reproductive system

consists of the organs required for reproduction. These

organs include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and

vagina for a female; and the testes, vas deferens, prostrate

and penis for a male.


Activity:

Can you match the following body parts with their correct system?

Integumentary system -- Skeletal system -- Muscular system -- Digestive system

-- Cardiovascular system -- Respiratory system -- Nervous system -- Endocrine

system -- Urinary system -- Reproductive system -- Lymphatic system

_____________________________________________________________________

Body Part System

Stomach

Heart

Arm muscles

Tonsils

Spine

Skin

Mouth

Nose

Lungs

Nerves

Kidneys

Brain

Thyroid gland

Bladder

Fingers

Blood vessels

Uterus


Activity:

Using your dictionary as a guide, label the following organs with their correct names (i.e. heart = cardi/o) and state the system they are part of.

_____________________________________________________________________

Organ Name System


includes functions to functions to includes functions in

includes functions in

includes

functions to includes

from

includes

includes functions to

functions to

includes functions to includes

includes

Body Systems Mind Map

Nervous

Body Systems Digestive

Cardiovascular

Muscular Integumentary

1.

Reproductive

Urinary

Endocrine Respiratory

8.

12.

pituitary

gland

assist muscles

protect organs bones joints

protect tissues

11. nails

kidney

s

regulate growth

blood

9.

6.

testes

10. movement

5.

nose

lungs

4.

aorta

mouth

elimination

oxygenate

blood

2.

spinal cord

brain

7. tonsils

3.

Insert the following words into the blank boxes: Lymphatic, hair, ovaries, heart, stomach, spleen, regulate temperature, skeletal, digestion, thyroid gland, filter toxins, respirate.


Introduction

The skeletal system consists of the bones and joints of your body.

The bones are the framework that your body is constructed around. It protects and

supports your body, and assists the muscles with movement for your body.

The joints are where bones meet together.

Skeletal System


Interesting facts on the Skeletal System

When you were born you had over 300 bones. As you grew up, some of these

bones fused together and now you have 206 bones in your body.

14 bones are in your face.

8 bones are in each wrist.

27 bones are in each hand.

23 bones are in each foot including the ankle.

You have over 230 moveable and semi-moveable joints in your body.

The smallest bone in your body is the stirrup bone in the ear, which measures

1/10 of an inch.

The longest bone in your body is the femur (thigh bone), which is about 1/4

of your height.

Humans and giraffes have the same number of bones in their neck. The neck

bones of a giraffe are just bigger.

Your bones consist of 50% water and 50% solid matter.

Scientists can tell the age, sex, general health, and often how a person died

by looking at their skeleton.

Your bones are constantly being replaced. Although you may be an adult,

most of your skeleton is only 10 years old.

Bones are not solid; they are made up of three major sections: the compact

bone, the soft bone marrow, and the sponge bone.


Medical Terminology Activities

A. Using your dictionary as a guide, spell the following words correctly

1. Sturnem __________________________________________________

2. Vertabra __________________________________________________

3. Femar __________________________________________________

4. Spondeloses __________________________________________________

5. Scolioses __________________________________________________

6. Coxxyx __________________________________________________

B. Give the meaning of the following combining forms

1. Arthr/o __________________________________________________

2. Chondr/o __________________________________________________

3. Myel/o __________________________________________________

4. Oste/o _________________________________________________

5. Rheumat/o __________________________________________________

6. Spondyl/o __________________________________________________

C. Give the meaning of the following suffixes

1. –algia ________________________________________________

2. –ectomy ________________________________________________

3. –gram ________________________________________________

4. –graphy ________________________________________________

5. –malacia ________________________________________________

6. –oma ________________________________________________

7. –osis ________________________________________________

8. –physis ________________________________________________


D. Give the meaning of the following prefixes

1. Dys- ___________________________________________________

2. Endo- ___________________________________________________

3. Inter- ___________________________________________________

4. Meta- ___________________________________________________

5. Poly- ___________________________________________________

6. Sub- ___________________________________________________

7. Supra- ___________________________________________________

E. Using slashes divide the following terms into parts and give the meaning of the

whole word

1. Spondylosis _______________________________________________

2. Scoliosis _______________________________________________

3. Spondylolisthesis _______________________________________________

4. Osteitis _______________________________________________

F. Complete the medical term based on its meaning

1. Slipping (dislocation of vertebrae): ________________________listhesis

2. Condition of softening of cartilage: ________________________malacia

3. A plant like growth of bone (bony overgrowth at joint surface):

______________________ phyte

4. A cell that forms bone: ________________________ blast

5. A cell that produces melanin: ________________________cyte


G. Match the term in Column 2 with its correct meaning in Column 1

Column 1 Column 2

1. Bone _______________________ Physis

2. Fusing _______________________ Burso

3. Joint _______________________ Rheumato

4. Crooked/twisted _______________________ Osteo

5. Growth _______________________ Arthro

6. Sac of fluid _______________________ Synovio

7. Vertebra _______________________ Cranio

8. Synovial fluid _______________________ Scolio

9. Skull _______________________ Ankylo

10. Rheumatism _______________________ Spondylo


H. Choose one of the following medical words to complete the sentences below.

Note there are more words than sentences

Spondylolisthesis Strain Osteitis

Compound fracture Spondyloma Spondylitis

Sprain Rheumatoid Arthritis Metatarsalgia

Scoliosis Spondylosis Osteomalacia

1. John has a curvature of the spine, called ______________

2. Dr Erwin has been treating his patient, Julian, with symptoms of recurrent pain,

in the feet, called ____________________

3. Julia has recently suffered from acute swelling of her left shoulder, with

associated pain, diagnosed as _____________________

4. Karen has broken her leg, and the bone has protruded through the skin, which

is called _______________________________

5. Brett has an abnormal condition of his spine, called a ____________________

6. Damien has been diagnosed with ________________________________

which is a condition of slipping of the vertebra.

7. Matthew injured his ligament when he overstretched his leg during warm-up

for a sporting event, this is called a __________________

8. Joel’s leg muscle has swelled up due to overstretching before a distance run,

which the doctor called a ________________________________


J. Unlabeled diagram of the Skeleton

Label the diagram of the skeleton by completing the table on the following page. Use

the following terms: cranium (skull), mandible, clavicle, sternum, humerus, ribs,

cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, pelvis, radius, ulna, carpals,

metacarpals, phalanges (found twice), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals,

metatarsals.

2

4

5

6

7

8

11

10 9

17

16

15

14

13

12

20

21

22

18

19

1

3


Additional Skeletal Activities

1. Look up the following bones in the dictionary, and write the non-medical

(layman’s) term for each bone in the skeleton. For example, cranium = skull.

Bone Layman’s term Bone Layman’s term

Cranium Scapula

Femur Carpals

Mandible Phalanges

Coccyx Metacarpals

Vertebrae Tarsals

2. Write out the following passages in layman’s terms

1. Julie 46 y.o. ♀ 22/40 # SOH Tx POP

2. Jessica 63 y.o. ♀ OA Rx NSAID

3. John 75 y.o. ♂ # NOF Tx 2/7 THR

Julie - ______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Jessica - ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

John - ______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________


3. Skeletal bone search - Find and label as many bones as you can from the

following x-rays.

4. Match the correct details from Column B with its answer from Column A (use a

dictionary or the internet if necessary).

Column A Column B

Phalanges Number of bones in human body

Mandible Where bones meet together

Vertebrae Finger and toe bones

Skull Number of bones in face

206 Back bones

14 Jaw bone

Joints Bones protecting the lungs

Femur Bones protecting the brain

27 Tail bone

Ribs Longest bone

Coccyx Number of bones in each hand


5. Skeletal word search

Find the skeleton vocabulary in the puzzle below by looking forwards, backwards,

and diagonally.

APPENDICULAR

AXIAL

CARPUS

CLAVICLE

COCCYX

CRANIUM

FEMUR

FIBULA

FIBULA

HUMERUS

MANDIBLE

MAXILLA

METACARPUS

METATARSUS

OCCIPITAL

PARIETAL

PATELLA

PHALANGES

RADIUS

RIBS

SACRUM

SKELETAL

SKELETON

STERNUM

TARSALS

TEMPORAL

TIBIA

ULNA

VERTEBRAE

ZYGOMATIC

B E K B O X L P K C W X E P L O C R O L C P

A A O P Q W A L Y E I O S E G N A L A H P R

R L W B Y O I O K I O Y K L A R K R C O E O

T B A R A K X C O C C Y X Y R X O L P E X C

Y C S U P R A C L V R R K M I P C K E O I C

V V T M A N D I B L E A H U M E R U S I G E

N M E E A B X P O C A R N E C M P Q E R E M

M L R F B S U I D A R C T I B I A O A I A N

O O N I K M O T O K B P A E U K L M R O L O

A Q U B B M C A A Q E L L W B M A W E S C T

X P M U K S C L A V I C L E O R Y O I R A E

I B Y L A O C P O X B F I B U L A T S I E L

U R L A T E I R A P P E X X U E O E I E R E

L A A A R S L A S R A T A L I T K C A Q Y K

M P T S U S R A T A T E M E T A C A R P U S

O K E A R L L M O Q E Z Y G O M A T I C R P

P Q L C C O N M W M L C A M O R X A P U R E

L Y E R M W L A P C L R H I K A C O I K Y S

O P K U O P R K X Q A P P E N D I C U L A R

E K S M K Y E H Y W R A K M O E S C S P O Y

P I K L L W E P E X I A E S T A I S K E X E

Documents

BSBMED301B - Medical and Health Resources · Medical terminology is used in many forms of communication and may include: o Abbreviations for medical and pharmacological terms o Causes