Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology

ObjectivesObjectives

Identify basic medical abbreviations Identify basic medical abbreviations selected from a standard listselected from a standard list

Define prefixes, suffixes and word Define prefixes, suffixes and word roots selected from a list of wordsroots selected from a list of words

Spell and pronounce medical terms Spell and pronounce medical terms correctlycorrectly

Common AbbreviationsCommon AbbreviationsDerived from Latin TermsDerived from Latin Terms

ac (ante cibum) means "before meals" ac (ante cibum) means "before meals" bid (bis in die) means "twice a day" bid (bis in die) means "twice a day" gt (gutta) means "drop" gt (gutta) means "drop" hs (hora somni) means "at bedtime" hs (hora somni) means "at bedtime" od (oculus dexter) means "right eye" od (oculus dexter) means "right eye" os (oculus sinister) means "left eye" os (oculus sinister) means "left eye" po (per os) means "by mouth" po (per os) means "by mouth" pc (post cibum) means "after meals" pc (post cibum) means "after meals" prn (pro re nata) means "as needed" prn (pro re nata) means "as needed" q 3 h (quaque 3 hora) means "every 3 hours" q 3 h (quaque 3 hora) means "every 3 hours" qd (quaque die) means "every day" qd (quaque die) means "every day" qid (quater in die) means "4 times a day" qid (quater in die) means "4 times a day" Sig (signa) means "write" Sig (signa) means "write" tid (ter in die) means "3 times a day" tid (ter in die) means "3 times a day"

Word PartsWord Parts

Word rootsWord roots SuffixesSuffixes PrefixesPrefixes Combining vowelsCombining vowels

Word RootWord Root

A word root is the word part that is A word root is the word part that is the core of the wordthe core of the word– Contains the fundamental meaning of Contains the fundamental meaning of

the word and explains what part of the the word and explains what part of the body is being talked aboutbody is being talked about

ExamplesExamples– Neur/o= nervesNeur/o= nerves– Hepat/o= liverHepat/o= liver– Arthr/o= jointArthr/o= joint

Word RootWord Root

Because the word root contains the Because the word root contains the fundamental meaning of the word, fundamental meaning of the word, each medical term contains one or each medical term contains one or more word roots.more word roots.

SuffixSuffix Suffix- A word part attached to the Suffix- A word part attached to the

end of the word root to modify its end of the word root to modify its meaning; indicates the procedure, meaning; indicates the procedure, disease, or conditiondisease, or condition

ExamplesExamples

-itis= inflammation-itis= inflammation– algia= algia= painpain– ic= pertaining toic= pertaining to– ous= pertaining toous= pertaining to

PrefixPrefix Prefix- A word part attached to the Prefix- A word part attached to the

beginning of a word root to modify its beginning of a word root to modify its meaning; usually indicates location, time, meaning; usually indicates location, time, or number. Not all words have prefixes.or number. Not all words have prefixes.

ExamplesExamples– Sub= under or belowSub= under or below– Poly= manyPoly= many– Post= afterPost= after– Intra= withinIntra= within– Peri= surround or protectPeri= surround or protect– Pre= beforePre= before

Combining VowelCombining Vowel

Combining vowel is a Combining vowel is a word part, usually an word part, usually an O, and is used:O, and is used:– Between two word Between two word

rootsroots– It is It is NOTNOT used when a used when a

suffix begins with a suffix begins with a vowelvowel

--ISIS used when a suffix used when a suffix begins with a begins with a consonantconsonant

Combining FormCombining Form

A word root with the combing vowel A word root with the combing vowel attached, separated by a vertical attached, separated by a vertical slashslash– Arthr/o= jointArthr/o= joint– Oste/o= boneOste/o= bone– ven/o= veinven/o= vein

Defining Medical TermsDefining Medical Terms

Begin by defining the suffix, then Begin by defining the suffix, then move to the beginning of the term to move to the beginning of the term to complete the definition (does not complete the definition (does not apply to all medical terms)apply to all medical terms)

Putting Medical Terms Putting Medical Terms TogetherTogether

Poly+neur/o+itisPoly+neur/o+itis = Polyneuritis = Polyneuritis– Inflammation of many nervesInflammation of many nerves

Arthr/o+itisArthr/o+itis= Arthritis= Arthritis– Inflammation of the jointInflammation of the joint

Hepat/o+itisHepat/o+itis= Hepatitis= Hepatitis– Inflammation of the liverInflammation of the liver

Sub+Hepat/o+icSub+Hepat/o+ic = Subhepatic = Subhepatic– Pertaining to under the liverPertaining to under the liver

Medical TermsMedical Terms

Intra+ven/o+ousIntra+ven/o+ous =Intravenous =Intravenous– Pertaining to within the veinPertaining to within the vein

Arthr/o+path+yArthr/o+path+y =Arthropathy =Arthropathy– Condition of disease of the jointCondition of disease of the joint

Oste/o+itisOste/o+itis =Osteitis =Osteitis– Inflammation of the boneInflammation of the bone

Word Roots Indicating ColorWord Roots Indicating Color

Cyan/o= blue; Cyan/o= blue; -sis= state of or -sis= state of or

conditioncondition– cyanosiscyanosis

Erythr/o= redErythr/o= red Cyte=cellCyte=cell

– erythrocyteserythrocytes Leuk/o= whiteLeuk/o= white

– LeukocytesLeukocytes

Melan/o= blackMelan/o= black -oma=tumor, mass -oma=tumor, mass

or swellingor swelling– MelanomaMelanoma

polio/o=gray polio/o=gray mattermatter

myel/o=spinal cord myel/o=spinal cord or bone marrowor bone marrow

-itis= inflammation-itis= inflammation– PoliomyelitisPoliomyelitis

Suffixes Related to Suffixes Related to ProceduresProcedures -centesis-centesis

– Surgical puncture to remove Surgical puncture to remove fluid fluid

-ectomy-ectomy– Surgical removalSurgical removal

-graphy-graphy– Process of recording a picture Process of recording a picture

or recordor record -gram-gram

– Record or pictureRecord or picture -plasty-plasty

– Surgical repairSurgical repair -scopy-scopy

– Visual examinationVisual examination

The Double RRsThe Double RRs

-rrhage and –rrhagia-rrhage and –rrhagia– Mean bursting forth, an abnormal Mean bursting forth, an abnormal

excessive fluid discharge or bleedingexcessive fluid discharge or bleeding

Ex: Hem/o+rrhage= hemorrhageEx: Hem/o+rrhage= hemorrhage

- means the loss of a large amount of - means the loss of a large amount of blood in a short timeblood in a short time