BS 6 Fuel – A step towards better ambient air quality

G.K. Acharya

General Manager

Indian Oil Corporation Limited - A Prelude

India’s largest crude oil refiner - 31% market share with

65.70 MMTPA capacity

India’s largest downstream pipeline network –

47% market share with length of over 11,000 km

India’s largest oil marketing company –

42% Market share with over 41,500 touch points

India’s only downstream oil company to have

a state of art R&D Centre

India’s largest commercial enterprise –

turnover of Rs 4,49,508 crore (2014-15)

India’s top ranked Fortune Global 500 Company – 119

th rank

India’s largest integrated oil company - petroleum,

petrochemical, gas, exploration & production,

renewable energy, nuclear energy

Leading Refiner of India

Operates 10 refineries , 65.7 MMTPA Capacity, 31% market share

Parameter Existing

Pipelines*

After

completion of

Ongoing

Pipelines

Length (km) 11081 17309

Capacity

(MMTPA) 80.5 102.1

Legend Crude Oil Pipeline

Product Pipeline

Gas Pipeline

New Pipelines

Refinery

Vadinar

Chaksu

Mundra

Guwahati

Bongaigaon

Siliguri

Digboi

Tinsukia

Jalandhar

Delhi Meerut

Tundla

Najibabad Roorkee

Ambala

Mathura

Kot

Jodhpur

Sanganer

Ajmer

Dahej

Chittaurgarh

Koyali

Bhatinda

Sangrur Panipat

Rewari

Haldia

Barauni Kanpur

Lucknow

Mourigram

Rajbandh/

Durgapur

Chennai

Sankari

Asanur

Trichy

Madurai

CBR

Bangalore

Bangalore AFS

Paradip

Ratlam

Chennai AFS

Hazira

Bharatpur

Ahmedabad

Sidhpur

Viramgam

Sanand

Patan

Loni

Raipur

Ranchi Korba

Ennore

Motihari

Baitalpur

Kolkata AFS

Berhampur

Vizag Rajahmundry

Vijaywada

Hyderabad

Dhule

A’Nagar

Pune

Una

Kandla

Muzaffarpur

Patna

Shahjahanpur

Allahabad

Aligarh

Varanasi

Somnathpur

Kozhikode

Kochi

Growth in Pipelines network

Jammu

Imphal

Numaligarh

Silchar

5

Marketing – Reach in Every Part of India

Bulk Consumer

Pumps

6,359

LPG

Bottling

Plants 90

Retail Outlets

23,993

Aviation

Fuel

Stations 98

Terminal / Depots

135

SKO / LDO

Dealerships

3,930

LPG Distributorships

7,035

Operating Structure

Downstream & Petrochemical Operations

Refining Research &

Development

Pipeline

Transportation Fuel & Lubes

Marketing Petrochemicals

Text

Gas

• Sourcing

• Marketing

• LNG

• Terminals

AE • Wind, Solar • Biofuels

E&P

• Domestic

• Overseas

• Operatorship

Nuclear • JV with NPCIL

Moving

beyond

the value

chain

Globalization

• Exports

• Consultancy

• Training

• Downstream

marketing

Petrochemicals • LAB • PX/ PTA • Polymers, Glycols • Butadiene, SBR

DIVERSIFICATION & INTEGRATION

…

GLOBAL ENERGY TRENDS…

8

Consumption –

NPS (Mtoe)

2010 2015 2030 2035 2010-

35

CAGR

Total Energy 12730 13989 16417 17197 1.2%

Coal 3474 3945 4180 4218 0.8%

Oil 4113 4352 4578 4656 0.5%

Gas 2740 2993 3820 4106 1.6%

Nuclear energy 719 751 1073 1138 1.9%

Hydroelectricity 295 340 458 488 2.0%

Biomass and

Waste 1277 1408 1755 1881 1.6%

Other Renewables 112 200 554 710 7.7% Source – IEA – WEO 2012

WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION -

OUTLOOK

Consumption by

Industry

Consumption by Fuel

Source: BP Energy Outlook 2035, Feb 2015

ENERGY SOURCES – INDIAN SCENARIO

Primary Energy Consumption - India

Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2015

Oil 28%

Natural Gas 7%

COAL 57%

Nuclear 1 %

Hydro Electric 5%

Renewables 2%

GROWTH OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN

INDIA

0

50

100

150

200

250

FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

142 148

157 158 165

195 203

218 220 221

Consumption

Production

MMTs

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS UTILIZATION SHARE IN INDIA

Transport

51%

Industry

14%

Commercial

13%

Domestic

18%

Agriculture

4%

Utilization Share

Source : PetroFed

Most Important Sector

DIESEL UTILIZATION SHARE IN INDIA

GROWTH OF INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

… PREDOMINANTLY A DIESEL DRIVEN

ECONOMY

GASOLINE VS DIESEL CONSUMPTION

1:3.8

MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS DURING THE LAST

15 YEARS

Sulfur levels have fallen dramatically

- Gasoline: 2000 ppm to 150 ppm (50 ppm in 20 cities)

- Diesel: 10,000 ppm to 350 ppm (50 ppm in 20 cities)

Octane number increased in gasoline

- Regular: 88 to 91

- Premium: 93 to 95

Benzene levels reduced in gasoline

- 3% to 1%

Aromatic content reduced

- No regulation to 35% maximum

Use of sulfur-free CNG and LPG has increased, especially in city

buses and autorikshaws

AUTO FUEL POLICY AND VISION, 2025

The draft report on “Auto Fuel Policy and Vision, 2025” has

provided a roadmap for implementation of BS-IV auto fuels

throughout the country in a phased manner.

BS IV Nationwide – April 2017

BS V Nationwide – April 2020

BS VI Nationwide – April 2024

ROADMAP FOR NATIONWIDE AVAILABILITY OF

AUTO FUELS

Revised Roadmap

• BS VI Nationwide – April 2020

Refining Technology Basket

Commercialized

Indmax Residue Conversion to light olefin, gasoline &

LPG

0.1 MMTPA unit at

Guwahati (2003) & 4.17

MMTPA unit under

installation at Paradip;

Partner: CB&I Lummus

DHDT Hydrotreating for Euro-IV/V diesel

1.2 MMTPA unit at

Bongaigaon (2011)

Partner: EIL

Light Naphtha Isomerization

Gasoline blending stock

Needle Coke Delayed coking for

premium product used in graphite electrode

Produced at Guwahati

(2002), Bongaigaon &

Numaligarh (2014)

Food Grade Hexane Hydrotreating for benzene removal

FCC Additives & Catalyst

i-MAX (LPG Boosting) RUA(Residue upgradation)

DHTD/DHDS catalyst

Over 850 MT FCC

Additives sold to

Refineries (since 2004);

Partner: Sud Chemie India

0.028 MMTPA unit at Gujarat (2001) & 0.020 MMTPA unit

in HMEL (2012) Partner: EIL

0.15 MMTPA unit at Bongaigaon (2011); Partner:

EIL

Technology Objective Details

Refining Technology Basket

Ready for Commercialization

IndAdeptG

Based on proprietary adsorbent for

deep desulfurization for Euro-IV/V

gasoline

Commissioning of 35 KTA unit at Guwahati by 2016

Total cost - Rs 164 Crore; OIDB grant- Rs 89 crore

Partner EIL Indalin

Conversion of naphtha to light olefins, LPG & aromatic rich

gasoline

Feasibility under study for unit at PR

Delayed Coking Thermal cracking technology for

conversion of long/short residue to distillate

Revamp of Unit at Barauni by 2016

Partner EIL

Octamax Dimerization of cracked C4 to high

RON component for Euro IV/V gasoline

Demonstration at Mathura (55 KTA) under study

Technology Details

GASOLINE SPECIFICATION

Properties BS-III BS-IV BS-V/VI

Sulphur, ppm (max) 150 50 10

RON/MON, min (Regular) 91/81 91/81 91/81

RON/MON, min (Premium) 95/85 95/85 95/85

Aromatics, %vol., max. 42 35 35

Benzene, % vol., max. 1 1 1

Lead content, g/l 0.005 0.005 0.005

Olefin content, % vol.

(Regular / Premium)

21 /18

21 /18

21 /18

DIESEL SPECIFICATION

Properties BS-III BS-IV BS-V/VI

Cetane Number, Min 51 51 51

Cetane Index, Min 46 46 46

Sulphur, ppm, Max 350 50 10

Kinematic Viscosity, cSt 2.0-5.0 2.0-5.0 2.0-5.0

PAH, % mass 11 max 11 max 11 max

Density, kg/m3 820-845 820-845 820-845

Distillation recovery

% Vol., upto 350 0 C, min

% Vol., upto 370 0 C, min

95 % Vol., at max

-

-

360 0 C

-

-

360 0 C

-

-

360 0 C

POLLUTION FROM TRANSPORT SECTOR

Source apportionment studies

Source Contribution in %

PM2.5 SO2 NOx

Transport 17 2 53

Gensets 6 4 25

Brick Kilns 15 11 2

Industry 14 23 11

Construction 5 - 1

Waste Burning 8 1 1

Road Dust 6 - -

Power Plants 16 55 7

Domestic 12 6 1

Guttikunda etal.: A GIS based emissions inventory

at 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution for air pollution

analysis in Delhi, India. Atmospheric Environment,

Volume 67, p. 101-111

POLLUTION FROM TRANSPORT SECTOR

Impact of fuel quality improvement

Estimated annual on-road emissions

in the Greater Delhi region by vehicle

age group for PM2.5 (Goel, R., et al. Travel Behaviour and Society (2014) –

Studies by IIT, Delhi & Desert Research Instt, Reno,

USA,)

Air quality improved.

Could be achieved due to drop in sulphur in fuel.

But as sulphur level will be brought from 50 to 10 ppm with BS VI

norms will there be significant impact?

NEED TO ADDRESS OTHER ISSUES

Replacement of the existing PUC system to a more reliable

computerized system.

Inspection & Maintenance (I&M) system in 11 major cities and

further extension throughout the country.

Performance checking of catalytic converters and conversion

kits.

Promoting public transport to improve urban road traffic.

Retrofitting old vehicles with new engines or emission control

devices. Developing incentives for replacement of old polluting

vehicles.

LEGISLATIVE TESTS VS. REAL WORLD

Average speed of driving cycles

ECE ~ 19 km/hr

MIDC ~ 32.48 km/hr

NEDC ~ 33.6 km/hr

WLTC ~ 46.3 km/hr

IIT-Delhi study. • Cars running at less than 4 kmph for 24% of the travel

time.

• Considering a million cars - will be wasting about 2.5 lakh

liters of fuel every day while idling at traffic snarls.

SUMMARY

Demand forecasts project petroleum as major energy source for transport

sector up to 2035

Oil industry in India made rapid strides in improving the fuel quality

Need to implement critical recommendations of AFVP 2025 like better PUC

I&M programs, retro-fitment of older vehicles, phasing out older vehicles etc

to achieve better results

Carry out a source apportionment study to validate the various data put

forward by institutes regarding the quantum and source of pollution. This will

enable to address the issues that are causing maximum damage.

Thank You