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Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Accelerator R&D in the frame of
the CILEX project in France
Brigitte CROS LPGP-CNRS-Université Paris Sud
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Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Contributions
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A. Specka1, B. Cros2, P. Monot3, T. Audet2, A. Beck1, M. Bougeard3, C. Bruni4, A-M. Cauchois1, A. Chancé5, N. Delerue4, O. Delferrière5, F. Desforges2, S. Dobosz Dufrénoy3, M. Grech6, P. Lee2, A. Maitrallain3, J.R. Marquès6, Ph. Martin3, G. Maynard2, A. Mosnier5, P. Mora7, B. S. Paradkar2, J. Schwindling5, K. Ta Phuoc8, T. Vinatier4, P. Audebert6, F. Amiranoff6
1 LLR, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Palaiseau France2 LPGP, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France3 LIDyL, CEA, IRAMIS, Centre de Saclay, France.4 LAL, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France5 SACM, CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, France.6 LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, Palaiseau, France7CPhT, Ecole-Polytechnique, CNRS, Palaiseau, France.8 LOA, ENSTA, Ecole-Polytechnique, CNRS, Palaiseau, France.
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Outline
• Overview of the CILEX project• Multi-stage LPA studies: objectives and
organisation of work• Ongoing work : injector, beam
transport, accelerator• Summary
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Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Centre Interdisciplinaire Lumière EXtrême
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CEA - Saclay
Université Paris Sud
Soleil
Orme des merisiers
1km
EcolePolytechnique
ENSTA
Institut d'Optique
Research Centre on Intense Lasers, Plasmas and Applications
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Multi-PW laser APOLLON 10PW Multi-beam facility 1 PW + probe + ns
Dedicated experimental areas
Satellite facilities UHI100 Multi-disciplinary program
Training of scientists and engineers
Operated as a user-facility
Implementation at l’Orme des merisiers
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
long focal-length areashort focal-length area
Apollon laser Hall
Layout of the Apollon facility
6 6
Highest intensity
Solid targets
Ion acceleration
Radiation generation
High intensity
Gas targets, large volume
Electron acceleration
Radiation generation
Electron/photon interaction
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
4 Apollon Laser beams will be distributed in target areas
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• Energy can be varied step by step• Synchronisation (master beam and delay lines)• Repetition rate: 1 shot/min
10PW: 15fs – A few ps, 150J, 75J, 50J, 25J
ns beam: 200J, uncompressed
1PW: 15fs – A few ps, 15J, 10J, 5J, 1J
probe beam: <20fs, 0.25 J
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Operation as a user facility
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• Apollon facility will be opened to national and international users
• Beam time allocation per year– 30 weeks for users– 10 weeks maintenance– 10 weeks development
• Beam delivery to experimental areas– Each experimental area will receive the beam for scheduled
periods of time– Laser pulse sequences will be delivered at the request of users,
6 hours per day– Tentatively, 2 days will be allocated for changing the laser beam
configuration between experimental areas
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Motivation for Laser Plasma Acceleration in the frame of CILEX
• Study the feasibility of a laser plasma accelerator scalable to high particle energy– > High gradient technology and meter scale stages
• Implement a test facility for laser plasma acceleration studies: build a community of physicists
• Develop a reliable relativistic electron source for applications: build a community of users
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B. Cros et al, NIMA 740 27 (2014)
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Work is planned in 3 phases
• PHASE 1: 2013-2016 Design experiments in Long Focal-length Area (LFA)
Research program on other facilities Conceptual & technical design of the experimental set-up Procurement & implementation of equipment in LFA
• PHASE 2: 2016-2017Commissioning of the 1st PW beam and facility through the mechanism of LPA in the bubble regime Validation of laser specification (I < 1020 W/cm2, a0< 7) Comparison to scaling laws and exploratory experiments Injector optimization
• PHASE 3: 2018-2019Develop a two stage Laser Plasma Accelerator (Injector/accelerator)Electron beam transport , focusing, synchronisation, and injection into a plasma wave over a long distance
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Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
First stage (bubble regime operation) provides high gain. Second stage (linear/moderately non-linear operation)
provides control and stability. Scalability : Energy gain while maintaining beam properties Experimentally challenging : each component requires state-
of-the-art equipment and know-how
Multistage LWFA to achieve stable tuneable electron source
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Electron Beam
Focusing Optics
Bubble regime operation inside a short gas cell
First stage Laser
Laser for second stage
Moderately non-linear regime operation inside a long dielectric capillary tube
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Design of two stage LPA in the long focal length area of Apollon facility
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1 PW (15 J, 15 fs) laser: first stage driver
10 PW (150 J, 15 fs) laser: second stage driver
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Components are developped separately to prepare implementation in the Long
Focal-length area of Apollon facility
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Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
1st Stage (ELISA): ELectron Injector for compact Staged high energy Accelerator
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• Develop a reliable electron source• Optimize electron production from a gas cell with variable length,
filled with hydrogen gas and electron dopant
Principle of Ionization injection: Ionization and trapping of e- by tunneling photo-ionization of high Z atom (eg nitrogen) at the peak of laser intensity
Pak et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 025003 (2010)
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Promising results obtained with ELISA at UHI100 facility
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• 1st Stage (ELISA):– Ionization injection scheme– Simulations with WARP PIC code – Experiments in gas cell at UHI100 facility
(CEA Saclay) and LLC facility (Lund)
Electron spectra: Simulation
Experiment
F.G. Desforges et al, Phys. Plasmas 21 120703 (2014)
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Beamline designed to test transport of electron beam at UHI100 facility
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• Simulations with Tracewin and WARP for a reference energy of 50MeV
• Transverse and longitudinal phase-space density at focus
• Design and implementation of beam transport and characterization is underway using expected e-parameters
• Compact design to fit in the vacuum chamber at UHI100
• Triplet of quads and dipole for energy measurement with 0.5% resolution
A. Chancé et al, NIMA 740 158 (2014)
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Multi-GeV acceleration of electrons inside a dielectric capillary over the damping length
Second stage is modeled with the reduced PIC code WAKE_EP
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W0=100µm W0=150µm W0=240µm
Energy (GeV)
a0=1.4; 40 fs (30J, 65J, 165J)
Capillary radius 154µm, electron density 1017cm-3, plasma wavelength 100µm e- injection (10pC, 10fs, 10µm, 50MeV)
B. S. Paradkar et al, Phys.
Plasmas 20 083120 (2013)
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Diagnostics development is underway
• Laser: focal spot, energy, spectrum, before / after interaction. • 3 electron energy spectrometers:
– 50-100 MeV range for the injector, – broad energy range , up to 1GeV, for the non linear regime, – up to 10 GeV for the second stage.
• Electron bunch: pointing detectors, pulse duration, charge.• X-ray diagnostics (betatron) to characterize electron acceleration
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G. Genoud et al, App Phys B 105, 309 (2011) J. Ju et al Phys Rev STAB 17 051302 (2014)
Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Summary
• A unique opportunity on the Plateau de Saclay for LPA: – Apollon laser will deliver two beams at the 1 to 10 PW level, with
short pulse duration, in a large area of shielded rooms at l’Orme des Merisiers
– LPA and radiation generation studies will be possible in a versatile environnement
• The multistage laser plasma acceleration programme at CILEX addresses the main challenges of laser plasma accelerators
• Apollon facility will operate as an electron acceleration test facility opened to collaborators and users
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Brigitte Cros, 2nd Eucard-2 meeting, Barcelona, April 2015
Aknowledgements
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Laboratoire Charles Fabry