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8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/breast-cancer-genes-ppt 1/19
Breast Cancer, Genes, andthe Environment
Funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), P30ES10126
Collaborators: Breast Cancer Coalition of North Carolina, University of Cincinnati
11/2005
UNC-Chapel Hill
Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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Goals
• To learn about breast cancer risks
• To learn how individual genetics andenvironmental factors may contribute to
increased breast cancer risk
• To identify risk reduction activities
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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What Is Breast Cancer?
• Cells in the breastgrow out of controland form a lump
• Lumps can either bebenign or malignant
• Malignant growthsare called breastcancer
Lobules
Ducts
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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Risks for Breast Cancer
EnvironmentalPersonal
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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Personal Estrogen-Related Risks
• Early menstruationBefore 12yrs old -- increased risk
• Oral contraceptivesIncreased risk dissipates since time of last use
• Child bearing
First child born after age 30 --
increased risk No children -- increased risk
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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Personal Estrogen-Related Risks
• Breastfeeding
12+months -- decreased risk
• Late menopauseAfter 55yrs old
-- increased risk
• Long-term hormone
replacement therapyMore than 5yrs -- increased risk
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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Other Personal Risks
• Being age 55 or older
• Having breast cancer previously
• Family history of breast cancer
• Some types of breast disease
• Dense breast tissue
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Family History
• Shared geneticmakeup
• Shared lifestyle
• Similarenvironmentalexposure
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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A Quick Science Lesson
Present in all cells and help
provide instructions for how tobuild and maintain a human.
Genes:
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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A Quick Science Lesson
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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A Quick Science Lesson
Everything around you.
(air, water, diet, home, workplace, etc.)
Environment:
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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Hereditary Genetic Risks
• 5-10% of breast cancer iscaused by inherited geneticmutations.
• 2-5% caused by inheritedmutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA
2 genes.
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Gene-Environment Interaction
Individual Susceptibility
EnvironmentalExposure
Breast CancerNo Breast Cancer
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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Environmental Risk Factors andPreventive Steps
• AlcoholOne or more drinks/day -- increased risk
• DietHigh in fruits and vegetables -- decreased risk
• Exercise
Regular exercise --
decreased risk • Weight
Maintaining healthy weight -- decreased risk
8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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Environmental Risk
• Toxins can damage breast DNA. Overtime damaged DNA can lead tocancer.
• Exposure to high doses of radiation,such as for treating Hodgkin’sdisease, in women under 30 showsincreased risk for breast cancer.
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Environmental Risk
• Organochlorines such as DDTand PCBsNo association with increased breast
cancer risk
• Electromagnetic fields
No association with increased breast cancer risk
Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project, 2002
Carolina Breast Cancer Study, 2001
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Environmental Risk
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)Produced when coal, oil, gas, garbage,
or other organic substances are burned
Can damage DNA
• SmokingPassive smoking – long-term smoking spouse
Smoking – teenager
Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project, 2002
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Screening for Breast Cancer
• Breast self-exam
• Clinical breast exam
• Annual mammogram afterage 40
• Early diagnosis increases
chance of survival
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8/8/2019 Breast Cancer Genes Ppt
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Questions?Kathleen Gray, Acting Director
UNC CEHS Community Outreach and Education Program
(919) [email protected]
Diana Degen, Research Associate
UNC CEHS Community Outreach and Education Program(919) [email protected]