Breaking throughthe walls - National Library of Scotland · 2 Breaking through the walls ... breadth, from science to folk music, maps to ... integrated strategy for the selection,

Breaking through the wallsThe strategy of the

National Library of Scotland

2 Breaking through the walls

Contents 3 Chairman’s Foreword by Professor Michael Anderson

4 Introduction by Martyn Wade, National Librarian

5 Vision and Mission, Values and Principal Functions

6 Collections

7 The recorded knowledge, culture and history of Scotland8 The recorded knowledge of the world9 Building the historic and heritage collections10 Building the electronic collections11 Preservation of collections

12 Access

13 Helping people to find what they want 14 Improving facilities for visitors15 Virtual NLS16 Improving remote access

17 Consultation

18 Partnerships and collaboration

19 Organisational development

21 Infrastructure

23 Summary of policies

3Breaking through the walls

The National Library of Scotland is one ofEurope’s leading research libraries, withworld class collections, services andexpertise. Our remarkable andcomprehensive collections have been builtup through donation, purchase and aboveall, the privilege of ‘legal deposit’, overmore than 300 years. From our origins inthe Library of the Faculty of Advocates(founded in 1689), the National Libraryhas come to play a unique and central roleat the cultural heart of Scotland.

Chairman’s Foreword byProfessor Michael Anderson

Historically, the Library’s collections and services havebeen available to people who cannot access theinformation they need elsewhere. In the rapidlyevolving environment of modern Scotland, however,we recognise and intend to meet new challenges. TheLibrary plans to increase opportunities for both newand existing users by:

➜ extending, encouraging and promoting access tothe Library’s collections, services and expertise

➜ developing and maintaining expertise incommunications technology

➜ seeking and developing partnerships andcollaboration with information and culturalorganisations

➜ maximising our contribution to key ScottishExecutive priorities including lifelong learning,enterprise and social justice

Other opportunities arise as a direct result of theLegal Deposit Libraries Act 2003, which will give theNational Library of Scotland the right to claimelectronic publications as well as those in print. Thiscrucial development places the Library at the forefrontof the nationwide strategy to collect, preserve andprovide access to the wealth of electronic materialwhich might otherwise be lost to future generations.

As we look forward to this exciting future, we plan tobuild on the Library’s key strengths and its worldwidereputation for excellence in supporting research andscholarship. The Library is proud of its record ofachievement, both past and present, and we willensure that the strengths of the Library today serve asa foundation for the successful Library of the future.


Introduction by Martyn Wade, National Librarian

Underpinning our work on collections andaccess are policies which address the way wewill carry out our tasks and the physical andorganisational infrastructure we need. Thefocus is on working in partnership withpeople outside the Library, on consultingusers and would-be users, and responding totheir views.

The strategy highlights 18 policies, alongwith a number of associated key actions.Many of the initiatives can be met fromwithin existing funding but we recognise thatin some cases the speed of progress willdepend on attracting additional resources.Proposals to attract these resources will bedeveloped during the life of the strategy.

The strategy will be implemented andprogress will be monitored and evaluatedthrough the Library’s annual CorporatePlans.

Public consultation on a draft strategy tookplace between December 2003 and February2004 so that the public and interested bodiescould learn about our long-term plans, havethe opportunity to make comments andbecome involved in the Library’sdevelopment. We were encouraged by thewide support and interest shown in the draftstrategy. The Board of Trustees consideredthe comments and feedback received, andmade a number of amendments to the draftstrategy as a result. The strategy was formallyadopted in March 2004.

This strategy will guide the development ofthe National Library of Scotland over thenext five years. At the heart of the strategylies excellence in both our collections andaccess. The value of the collections lies inour expertise as well as in the material itself,and we will continue to develop thescholarship of our staff. We will also developthe role of our staff in widening access,promoting understanding of the collectionsand supporting the rights of the public toinformation and knowledge.


In June 2003, the Library set out a newvision and mission. This is a short, simplestatement of our overall purpose but itencapsulates our aspirations and hashelped us to design a strategy which willensure that we deliver on ourcommitments:

‘The National Library of Scotlandwill enrich lives and communities,encouraging and promoting lifelonglearning, research and scholarship,and universal access to informationby comprehensively collecting andmaking available the recordedknowledge of Scotland, andpromoting access to the ideas andcultures of the world.’

Together with the core values andprincipal functions, the vision and missionis intended to ensure that everyoneconnected with the Library – users, staff,trustees and partner organisations – has aclear picture of the Library’s unique role.

Vision and Mission Core ValuesWe have also agreed a number of core values whichdefine how the Library and its staff will work toimplement the vision and mission:

➜ Service

➜ Excellence

➜ Learning

➜ Commitment

Principal FunctionsWe have identified five principal functions which willenable us to achieve our vision and mission:

➜ to create, preserve and ensure access to a

comprehensive collection of the recorded

knowledge, culture and history of Scotland,

for the benefit of the people of Scotland and

the rest of the world

➜ to promote access to the recorded

knowledge, culture and history of the world,

particularly for the people of Scotland

➜ to preserve, promote, and ensure access to

the National Library of Scotland’s major

historical and heritage collections, and to

add to them where appropriate

➜ to encourage and support research and

scholarship

➜ To provide appropriate support and

leadership for the library and information

sector in Scotland


Collections

Our collections are central to everything wedo. Of world-class importance, they span thecenturies: from medieval manuscripts andScotland’s earliest printed books to the latestelectronic academic and research journals.The collections also have remarkablebreadth, from science to folk music, maps tofootball programmes, and literarycorrespondence to theatre posters.

But there is more to our collections thanstored information. Our role is to encouragethe study, understanding and use of thecollections, and the knowledge, expertise andskills of our staff are fundamental to thisrole.

The National Library of Scotland is the onlylibrary in Scotland to benefit from theprivilege of legal deposit. The Libraryreceives around a quarter of a million itemseach year in this way, with law publicationsbeing transferred to the Library of theFaculty of Advocates. We also receiveconsiderable gifts of material, some outrightand some on deposit, and we buy materialwhich meets our collection criteria.

1.1

We will develop and consultour stakeholders on anintegrated strategy for theselection, acquisition,preservation and retention ofmaterial.

We will

➜ continue to develop the Library as the major

publicly accessible research library in

Scotland by collecting Scottish material

comprehensively and promoting access to

the knowledge, culture and history of the

world

➜ explore new ways of acquiring material,

particularly through the creation of new

relationships and partnerships. We will

collect in all formats - manuscript, print and

electronic

➜ update our various collecting policies into an

integrated policy document which will be

available for public consultation on our

website and elsewhere


As Scotland’s national library, we have aunique responsibility to be comprehensive inour collecting of Scottish materials. We willseek out material in new as well as traditionalformats, and form partnership agreementswith other libraries to ensure that we add tothe wide range of publications in thenational collection, whilst encouraging thedevelopment of a distributed nationallending collection.

The recorded knowledge, culture and history of Scotland

1.2

We aim to collectcontemporary Scottishpublished materialcomprehensively.

We will

➜ aim to collect all material published in

Scotland, using our legal deposit rights

wherever possible

➜ actively collect material about Scotland

and Scots published outside Scotland

➜ actively collect material by authors born,

working or writing in Scotland

➜ aim to ensure that our collections reflect all

of Scotland’s languages, including Gaelic,

Scots and minority ethnic languages

➜ ensure the development, encouragement

and monitoring of a national strategy for

the collection of local Scottish materials,

by leading the formation of a working

group in co-operation with the Scottish

Library and Information Council

Books received through legal deposit, November 2003


The Library is a global resource for research.We aim to be a national centre of excellencefor the subject areas we collect, and willcontinue to build our research collectionswith the needs of both academic andinformal researchers in mind.

1.3

We will continue to build aresearch collection thatfocuses on the long-termneeds of researchers inScotland and, throughcollaboration, we willenhance access to theknowledge, culture andhistory of the world.

We will

➜ continue to collect widely UK and Irish

material through legal deposit and

purchase, and seek to improve our

management of these valuable collections

➜ continue to collect specialist material

published overseas, in response to the

long-term needs of researchers

➜ identify gaps in current national collecting

policies, and establish ways in which these

can be filled by the Library on its own or in

co-operation with partners

The recorded knowledge, culture and history of the world

A selection of purchased overseas books


The Library has a wealth of heritagecollections, including many unique andirreplaceable treasures. These items –some of iconic importance to Scotlandand the Scots – deserve to be betterknown and more widely appreciated. Wewill work to ensure we provide the widestpossible access to the Library’s treasures,including by digitisation and throughexhibitions and displays.

1.4

We will continue to build theLibrary’s historic andheritage collections,reflecting our establishedstrengths.

We will

➜ place a priority on collecting Scottish

material

➜ consult and co-operate with a wide range

of institutions in building our national

heritage collections

Building the historic and heritage collections


1.5

We will place a high priorityon extending our collectionof electronic resourcesthrough digitisation andcollaboration with other legaldeposit and researchlibraries.

We will

➜ adopt a collaborative approach to the

collection and preservation of electronic

materials, taking particular responsibility for

the selection of Scottish publications and

web pages

➜ work with partners to influence and ensure

the effective implementation of the Legal

Deposit Libraries Act 2003 and its

associated Regulations

➜ add to our electronic collections through

digitisation, particularly in collaboration

with other organisations

Building the electronic collections

To discharge our responsibility to collectScotland’s published output and to maintainour role as a leading research library, wemust collect not only printed words, picturesand maps but also electronic publications.Many scientific and academic journals arenow published solely in electronic format,and we need to plan how we will select andarchive some of the millions of web pagespublished each year. We will continue tocollaborate with the other legal depositlibraries over the implementation of the newLegal Deposit Libraries Act 2003.


As a legal deposit andreference library we holdonly a single copy of mostitems. This places a particularresponsibility on the Libraryto keep the collections in thebest possible condition.

Widening access to ourcollections could place fragileand valuable items at risk,and so we must strike theright balance betweenpreservation and access tooriginal materials whilstensuring that users can findthe information they require.

1.6

We will conserve, preserve and makesecure the Library’s collections whilstensuring the widest possible access tothem.

We will

➜ ensure that our buildings provide the best possible

environment for the preservation of the national collections

➜ establish mechanisms for the preservation of digital materials

➜ where appropriate, promote the use of copies rather than

fragile original materials

➜ provide the capacity to conserve a wide range of fragile or

damaged materials

Preserving the collections


Access

The Library is committed to maintaining andexpanding the quality and depth of supportwe offer to lifelong learning, research andscholarship. We will continue to improve ourservices for academic and high levelresearchers.

However, although our collections, servicesand expertise have a relevance to all walks oflife in Scotland today, informal feedback andcustomer research have shown that manyindividuals and organisations do not see theLibrary as a natural source for theirinformation needs. We will extend awarenessof the relevance and importance of theNational Library to modern Scotland, andprovide a welcoming, accessible and inclusiveservice for everyone who can benefit fromusing our collections and services.

As part of this commitment, the Library willconsult on how it can best contribute tosocial inclusion, for example by ensuring thatour collections and expertise are readilyavailable as a resource for people andagencies working in community learning andsimilar fields. The Library will consult widelyon how it should do this. In particular, wewill contact agencies involved in regenerationat both national and local level, (includingSocial Inclusion and Community PlanningPartnerships) to explore possibilities in thisarea.

2.1

We will work to ensure thateveryone who could benefitfrom the Library’s uniquecollections, services andexpertise can do so, byidentifying and removingactual and perceived barriersto use.

We will

➜ implement a comprehensive marketing and

publicity strategy to improve awareness of

the Library and its collections, services and

expertise, and the contribution that they

can make to the learning and cultural life of

Scotland

➜ develop a comprehensive range of services

so that everyone who can benefit from

using the Library can do so in ways they

find useful and meaningful

➜ work with groups who are not well

represented amongst the Library’s current

users to ensure that the Library’s

collections, services and expertise are as

accessible as possible

➜ review the rules and regulations of the

Library so that they are consistent and

easily understood by current and potential

users

➜ review the design and layout of our

buildings to make them as welcoming and

accessible as possible

➜ develop innovative partnerships to make it

easier for lifelong learning organisations to

incorporate the Library’s resources into

their programmes


A comprehensive, online catalogue isessential. Despite good progress in recentyears, we still need to convert our remainingmanual catalogues to create electronicrecords that can be searched remotely as wellas from within the Library. This willcontinue to receive priority.

2.2

We will expand our onlinecatalogues to enable usersto find easily the resourcesthey need.

We will

➜ continue to implement new software,

particularly for electronic resources,

providing better online access to items in

all formats

➜ prioritise our cataloguing programme to

maximise the number of records

accessible online

➜ maintain our contribution to national and

international bibliographic records

Helping people to find what they want


We are keen to improve the visitorexperience for users of our buildings.In order to meet growing demandand the needs of different users inthe longer term, we plan to create arange of study and research areas atboth George IV Bridge andCausewayside.

The first stage will be to redesign theentrance areas to make them morewelcoming and accessible. In thelonger term, we propose to re-develop the main entrance area ofour George IV Bridge building as avisitor centre: a major public spacewith permanent exhibition areashosting a changing programme ofexhibitions, events and displays tohelp people explore and enjoy theLibrary’s collections. A full range ofvisitor facilities will include a caféand shop.

We will also develop a broadereducational and cultural programmeto help people learn about ourcollections and services, with year-round exhibitions and events. Wewill adopt a more integratedapproach to handling enquiries andassisting users to interpret thecollections.

2.4

We will encourage greater accessto and understanding of thecollections through a widerprogramme of exhibitions,interpretative displays, events andeducational activities.

We will

➜ expand the Library’s exhibitions into a year-round

programme, supported by complementary cultural

and educational activities and events

➜ develop Baden Powell House (in Victoria Terrace,

Edinburgh) as an educational and outreach centre for

lifelong learning

➜ develop plans for a major public exhibition and visitor

centre at the Library

Improving facilities for visitors to the National Library

2.3

We will provide appropriate highquality facilities for research,scholarship and study to meetcurrent and potential demand.

We will

➜ continue to improve existing study and research

spaces at the Library

➜ develop proposals for new informal and quiet study

areas at George IV Bridge and Causewayside


We will develop our existing website into aVirtual NLS, revolutionising the way peoplecan access and understand our collections,and providing a gateway to collections heldby other organisations. The selection ofmaterials for our digitisation programmeswill be informed by market research, bycollaboration with partners, and bypreservation needs.

The digitisation process requires us not onlyto make high-quality electronic images, butalso to develop new ways to help users findand interpret them. We will explorecustomer-friendly new technology, such assearchable text and geo-referencing, to assistusers.

We also want to ensure that as many peopleas possible can use our purchased electronicresources, and we are working collaborativelyto ensure that we can provide the widestpossible access, within publishers’ licensingconstraints.

Virtual NLS

2.5

We will develop the existingwebsite into a VirtualNational Library of Scotlandwhich will maximise remoteand onsite access to thecollections, provideinterpretative and supportingmaterial, and reducehandling of delicate items.

We will

➜ digitise important items from our

collections, to make them easily

accessible and to provide surrogates of

fragile materials

➜ complement our exhibitions and displays

with ‘virtual’ exhibitions accessible to

people unable to visit the Library

➜ maximise access to our purchased

electronic resources for remote users,

through agreeing licensing arrangements

with publishers

➜ work with other library sectors to explore

the potential for Scotland-wide licensing

for major online resources

➜ work with other service providers and

partners to ensure the Library supports

and enhances the landscape of electronic

library resources in Scotland.


Many people find it inconvenient orimpossible to use our buildings inEdinburgh, so we must provide high qualityremote access, especially for users in otherparts of Scotland.

Networks of partner libraries have thepotential to improve access to Librarycollections, expertise and services. Inparticular, we will explore how the People’sNetwork (which makes computers availableto all through every public library) can makeVirtual NLS available as a key resource topublic library users.

2.6

We will develop services toensure that remote users,especially those in Scotland,can have access to ourcollections, services andexpertise to the highestpossible level.

We will

➜ improve remote access to the content of

the Library’s collections, its services and

expertise

➜ pilot the development of partner libraries

with public, institutional and academic

libraries, to explore how the Library’s

collections, services and expertise can be

accessed locally throughout Scotland

➜ work with public libraries to identify how

the Library can contribute to the range of

resources available to the public through

the People’s Network

➜ develop Virtual NLS, to expand the range

of the Library’s collections, services and

expertise for access in school, college,

university, the workplace and at home

➜ expand our programme of exhibitions,

events and activities in partnership with

other library services, and other learning

and cultural organisations throughout

Scotland

Improving remote access

The Library’s touring displays travel to many venues all overScotland


The Library is a national institution, with aresponsibility to meet the information needsof all the people of Scotland, and millions ofothers with an interest in Scotland and ourwider collections. The diversity of those whocan benefit from the Library matches thediversity of the material we collect.

We will communicate and consult moreactively with people who have an interest inthe Library. We will expand our customerresearch programme to involve stakeholdersin planning how the Library grows anddevelops.

Consultation andrelationships with ourusers and otherstakeholders 3.1

We will consult withstakeholders and researchthe needs of current andpotential users.

We will

➜ develop new ways of engaging with the

public, both directly and through networks

such as schools, community groups,

public agencies and the media

➜ establish a programme of regular research

and stakeholder consultation


The National Library of Scotland already sharescollections and expertise with a number ofacademic libraries and various cultural and heritageorganisations. These links are important, but wemust also reach out to other networks where wecould help meet the wider need for information,culture and learning in Scotland.

As one of three national libraries in the UnitedKingdom, the National Library of Scotland willcontinue to work closely with the National Libraryof Wales and the British Library, and will supportthe development of the Research Libraries Networkas recommended by the Research Support LibrariesGroup.

As Scotland’s national library, we have a role inproviding support and leadership to the library andinformation sector, particularly in collectiondevelopment and collaborative access. We willcontinue to work closely with other organisationswho also have a leadership role, such as the ScottishLibrary and Information Council and theprofessional association CILIPS. We will continueto play a key role in the Scottish Confederation ofUniversity and Research Libraries as well as leadingprojects such as Newsplan and Resources forLearning in Scotland. We will continue to provideand develop the services we offer directly to otherlibraries, for example through Inter-LibraryServices, supporting access to print resources.

In addition, we will expand the range of eventswhere our staff can share the Library’s uniqueexpertise with professional colleagues. Bycontributing to and organising seminars andtraining events, we can support the services andwork of other libraries, sharing and disseminatingour expertise.

To ensure that Scottish international research needsare supported, and to promote Scottish culture andhistory, the Library anticipates increasingparticipation in European and world networks. Wewill share the knowledge and benefits of thisinternational focus throughout Scotland.

4.1

We will work closely with alltypes of libraries, and otherlearning, cultural andheritage organisations, tosupport key political andsocial priorities, includingresearch, enterprise andeconomic development andaccess to education,lifelong learning andcultural activities.

We will

➜ support and influence the development of

the Research Libraries Network, as part

of providing collaborative support for

researchers in Scotland

➜ continue to develop our contribution to

collaborative access and collection

development in co-operation with

appropriate organisations

➜ explore the developing role of Inter-

Library Services, taking into account the

changing needs of other libraries and the

impact of new technology

➜ build on our existing support for library

and information services in Scotland by

expanding our programme of seminars

and training events to share our specialist

expertise

➜ play a more active international role,

working with partner organisations

abroad, and share the knowledge and

benefits gained with library and

information services across Scotland

Partnerships and collaboration


The Library will ensure that it develops itsinternal organisation so that it is fullyequipped to manage the challenges outlinedin this strategy document. We have adopteda new senior management structure,designed to provide simplicity, flexibility andclarity of management, and furtherorganisational changes will take place as theyare needed. We will also review our internalprocesses and approaches to performancemanagement.

We will meet standards promoted by theScottish Executive, including Investors inPeople, Best Value and sustainabledevelopment in a way that is pragmatic,efficient and non-bureaucratic. A ScottishExecutive review scheduled for early 2004will examine the Library’s policy, financialand governance arrangements.

5.1

We will be efficient, well-managed and accountable.

We will

➜ plan reviews of key activities in the Library

to ensure that services and internal

practices are efficient, consistent and

focused on the overall needs of users

➜ assist the Scottish Executive in reviewing

the governance arrangements of the Library

as part of the scheduled Policy and

Financial Management Review

Organisational development


5.2

We will maintain and enhancethe skills, professionalism andexpertise of all our staff.

We will

➜ continue to expand our staff training and

development programmes

➜ continue to develop an open organisational

culture, encouraging communication, innovation

and a commitment to continuous improvement

5.3

We will identify new fundingopportunities, especially tosupport major developments inour collections andinfrastructure.

We will

➜ explore a broader range of funding opportunities

where these can help the Library achieve its

strategic aims

➜ explore and develop the potential for income

generation

It is essential that every member ofour workforce feels valued andcommitted, and has the right skillsfor their responsibilities, both nowand in the future. We will increaseour commitment to staff training anddevelopment.

We will look beyond our traditionalfunding base, and explore thepotential of other programmes thatcontribute to the strategy. TheLibrary has considerable commercialpotential, and we will be more activein generating increased revenue inways which also raise awareness ofour collections, services andexpertise.


Infrastructure

The Library needs robust, highly-specialisedinfrastructure in order to implement thisstrategy.

We will develop a master plan for ourbuildings, incorporating proposals toimprove facilities for visitors, and developour Sighthill site as a venue for activitieswhich support library and informationservices throughout Scotland. This will allowus to extend considerably the storagecapacity of our buildings in George IVBridge and Causewayside.

In addition, we will develop an informationand communications technology (ICT)infrastructure which supports thedevelopment of Virtual NLS and takesaccount of new technologies and thegrowing importance of electronicpublications.

6.1

We will develop theinfrastructure needed to meetthe growing demand for ourservices, and thetechnological challengesarising from electronicpublishing.

➜ prepare and launch a master plan for

developing the Library’s buildings,

particularly focusing on improving visitor

facilities and access to the Library and its

collections, based on this strategy and the

feedback we receive

➜ develop an ICT infrastructure that meets the

needs of the Library and its users, taking

account of the developing Virtual NLS,

changing technology and the growing

importance of electronic publications


If you have any comments on this strategy, or onhow the National Library of Scotland shouldimplement it, please write to:

Martyn WadeNational LibrarianNational Library of ScotlandGeorge IV Bridge EdinburghEH1 1EW

or e-mail [email protected]

If you would like a large-print version of

this document, please contact us on

[email protected] or 0131 623 3700.

Contact us


Collections1.1 We will develop andconsult our stakeholders on anintegrated strategy for theselection, acquisition,preservation and retention ofmaterial.

1.2 We aim to collectcontemporary Scottishpublished materialcomprehensively.

1.3 We will continue to build aresearch collection that focuseson the long-term needs ofresearchers in Scotland, and,through collaboration, we willenhance access to theknowledge, culture and historyof the world.

1.4 We will continue to buildthe Library’s historical andheritage collections, reflectingour established strengths.

1.5 We will place a highpriority on extending ourcollection of electronicresources through digitisationand collaboration with otherlegal deposit and researchlibraries.

1.6 We will conserve, preserveand make secure the Library’scollections whilst ensuring thewidest possible access tothem.

Summary of policies

Access2.1 We will work to ensurethat everyone who couldbenefit from the Library’sunique collections, services andexpertise can do so, byidentifying and removing actualand perceived barriers to use.

2.2 We will expand our onlinecatalogues to enable users tofind easily the resources theyneed.

2.3 We will provideappropriate high qualityfacilities for research,scholarship and study to meetcurrent and potential demand.

2.4 We will encourage greateraccess to and understanding ofthe collections through a widerprogramme of exhibitions,interpretative displays, eventsand educational activities.

2.5 We will develop theexisting website into a VirtualNational Library of Scotlandwhich will maximise remoteand onsite access to thecollections, provideinterpretative and supportingmaterial, and reduce handlingof delicate items

2.6 We will develop services toensure that remote users,especially those in Scotland,can have access to ourcollections, services andexpertise to the highestpossible level.

Consultation3.1 We will consult withstakeholders and research theneeds of current and potentialusers.

Partnership andCollaboration4.1 We will work closely withall types of libraries, and otherlearning, cultural and heritageorganisations, to support keypolitical and social priorities,including research, enterpriseand economic development,and access to education,lifelong learning and culturalactivities.

OrganisationalDevelopment5.1 The Library will be efficient,well managed andaccountable.

5.2 We will maintain andenhance the skills,professionalism and expertiseof all our staff.

5.3 We will identify newfunding opportunities,especially to support majordevelopments in our collectionsand infrastructure.

Infrastructure6.1 We will develop theinfrastructure needed to meetthe growing demand for ourservices, and the technologicalchallenges arising fromelectronic publishing.

©National Libraryof Scotland, 2003

Photographs:Mark K. JacksonAllan ForbesWalter Bell

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Breaking throughthe walls - National Library of Scotland · 2 Breaking through the walls ... breadth, from science to folk music, maps to ... integrated strategy for the selection,