Booklet Part II - What to Do With Solid Waste

8/6/2019 Booklet Part II - What to Do With Solid Waste

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Composed and Published by:

Water Supply & Sanitation Programme (WSSP) inBinh Dinh Province, Vietnamhttp://binhdinhwssp.wordpress.com/

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in BinhDinh Province, Vietnam

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FOREWORD

The Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (WSSP) in BinhDinh Province aims to improve the quality of life of thepopulation in 6 districts of Binh Dinh Province (Phu Cat, PhuMy, Tuy Phuoc, Tay Son, An Nhon and Hoai Nhon) through theprovision of efficient facilities for both irrigation and drinkingwater as well as solid waste management.

Awareness-raising is one of the main components of thisproject. To increase basic knowledge on solid wastemanagement, the project has chosen to develop a second

booklet on 'What to do with Solid Waste?'. Thiswill improve the knowledge and perception of the communityabout the importance of solid waste separation, collection,treatment and recycling. Consequently, local people will bewell aware of their responsibilities and show the appropriatebehaviour towards solid waste treatment.

Although certain knowledge and concepts might be unfamiliarto some people, the authors made very short and simpleexplanations which are accompanied by various pictures tointrigue the readers and to convince people about theimportance of a well overthought solid waste managementplan.

We would like to thank all persons who contributed to thecompletion of this edition. On this occasion, we would also liketo express our gratitude and appreciation to all people whohave been very cooperative during our field work.

Thanks!

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Already appeared in this serie:

Part I: What is Solid Waste?

Part II: What to do with Solid Waste?Part III: How to make money from Solid Waste?

For the digital versions:http://binhdinhwssp.wordpress.com/

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CONTENT

CHAPTER I: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

1.1 Separation at the source

1.2. The 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) Strategy

1.3. Biodegradable Waste Treatment

1.4. Non-biodegradable Waste Treatment

1.4.1. Non-biodegradable waste collection andtransport

1.4.2. Sanitary Landfill

1.4.3. Why a sanitation fee?

CHAPTER II: COMPLETE SOLID WASTE CYCLE

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CHAPTER I: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

1.1. SEPARATION AT THE SOURCE

Studies in the project revealed that household waste inBinh Dinh Province can approximately be divided intothree broad categories:

15% Recyclable waste 60% Biodegradable waste

25% Non-biodegradable wasteEvery part of this waste should be treated in its ownmanner, which means that separating your waste atsource is absolutely necessary!

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1.2. THE 3R (REDUCE, REUSE & RECYCLE)STRATEGY

The 3R (Reduce, Reuse & Recycle) Strategy is a solutionto reduce the final waste disposal volumes and create aclean environment.

Reducing your waste means to buy less and use less(e.g. saying no to plastic bags, taking shorter showers orbuying less packaged materials).

Reusing materials is when elements of discarded items

are used again (e.g. reusing plastic bottles, repair brokenfurniture or sell old clothes).

Recycling is a series of steps in which a used material isremanufactured and sold again as a new product (e.g.metal, paper, carton, wood, plastic and glass).

Currently, the recyclable materials in Vietnam are

collected spontaneously by the scavengers. Thiscollection will cost you nothing and the scavengers canmake an income by selling it to middlemen or recyclingcompanies.

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1.3. BIODEGRADABLE WASTE TREATMENT

The composition of solid waste in Vietnam includes alarge rate of biodegradable substance (60%), of which alarge part is collected by farmers or scavengers to be re-fed to animals. For most livestock, sanitation (e.g. bycooking for 2 hours) of the biodegradable waste isnecessary for reasons of food safety.

Other biodegradable waste should also be treated locally,

through composting, Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvaeproduction, vermiculture or many more.

Composting is a biological process in whichbiodegradable waste (especially garden waste) is brokendown by bacteria, fungus, and other organisms. The endresult is compost which is used to enrich or feed the soilto enhance the growth of plants.

The Black Solder Fly Larvae is a larvae that reducesthe amount of your biodegradable waste in a very shortperiod of time. The larvae appear naturally in a

mesophilic bin (a brick storage bin with aeration holes on

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the sides) one month after you have set up your mesophilicbin.

Mesophilic bin

These larvae are some of the most voracious eaterswithin the natural world as they can effect as much as 20-fold reduction in the weight and volume of food waste in aperiod of less than 24hours. They can eat any type offresh putrescent waste, even meat and dairy products.

Tests carried out in Binh Dinh Province have proven thatthere is a big amount of these larvae present in theregion.

BSF larvae in Binh Dinh Province

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Vermiculture or worm farming is acomposting process conducted byworms. The worms consume

biodegradable matter to produce astable humus and the end product issuitable as soil enhancer.

1.4. NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE TREATMENT

1.4.1 Solid waste collection and transport

After source separation of the waste, it is usually only thenon- reusable, non-recyclable or non-biodegradablewaste which is left over and will be collected andtransported for treatment elsewhere (only 25%).

The solid waste collection is the component of solid

waste management which results in the passage ofwaste material from the source of production to either thepoint of treatment or final disposal (such as the landfill).

Full equipment is needed to bring the waste from thefirst collection point to the next or final station. Handcarts,pushcarts, trucks and dumper-trucks are all necessary toensure that the waste is collected properly, but also

storage equipment (such as bags, bins, reservoirs,depots etc.) is indispensable.

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1.4.2 Sanitary landfill

After the collection of solid waste, it will be transported to

sanitary landfills, which are preferably located outside thecentres.

A sanitary landfill is a controlled disposal of solid wastebuilt according to the hygienic regulations (build watersewerage channel, wastewater-collecting system, line

and waterproof walls and bottom etc).

Non-sanitary landfills or dumpsites are usuallyunhygienic, they have no waste water treatment systemand all solid waste is disposed in the environment. Onregular timings there will be burying and burning of thewaste, which causes severe pollution and is very harmfulto all living organisms.

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However, as the sanitary landfill is more preferable thanthe non-sanitary landfill, it must be remembered that if anup-to-date treatment of solid waste is carried out, this will

intensify that an up to date management of municipalsolid waste will emphasise solid waste recycling,reusing, reducing and composting, and minimise theuse of landfills.

1.4.3 Why a sanitation fee?

The sanitation fee is the expenditure that individuals,households, administrative units, enterprises or factorieswill have to pay to supplement the expenditures investedin non-biodegradable waste collection, transport andtreatment in the local area.

This fee can remain low ifyou separate your waste atthe source, as this would imply that the majority of your

waste is treated locally which means that it does notneed to be taken to the landfill.

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CHAPTER III: THE COMPLETE SOLID WASTECYCLE

The start of a proper municipal solid waste treatmentplan is the separation at source of your waste.

Biodegradable Waste (60%) can be treated at thesource (composting, vermiculture, BSF Larvae etc.).

Recyclables (15%) will be collected by scavengers whosell it to recycling companies or middlemen and the Non-biodegradable Waste (25%) will be collected by state orprivate companies and then send to the sanitary landfillfor treatment.

For the collection and treatment of non-biodegradablewaste a sanitation fee will be asked from the population,

because this is very expensive to organise and maintain.Therefore, to reduce these costs (for you and yourgovernment) it is absolutely necessary to separate therecyclables and biodegradable waste and treat them in adifferent, local and more appropriate manner (throughreusing, reducing , recycling, composting or othersuitable treatments).

A short summary of the different steps will make thewhole process clear.

1. Separate your solid waste at source(biodegradable waste, non-biodegradable wasteand recyclables)

2. Recycle or Reuse your Waste

3. Threat your Biodegradable Waste locally

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4. Collect Non-Biodegradable solid waste at onepoint (e.g. in a bin or at rendez-vous points). Aprivate or state company will collect it there and

transport it to a sanitary landfill.

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My Waste,My Responsibility

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Documents

Booklet Part II - What to Do With Solid Waste