BOOK OF ABSTRACTSDr Bojan Jocković, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Honorary Committee Academician Stevan Pilipović, chairman, SANU, Belgrade ... we could be richer

Symposium on Genetics and Plant Breeding in Cereals: 100th Birth Anniversary of

Academician Slavko Borojević (1919-2019)

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Novi Sad, Serbia, 13-15th November 2019, organized by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts – Branch in Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture of the University of

Novi Sad, and Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad

Symposium on Genetics and Plant Breeding in Cereals: 100th Birth Anniversary of Academician Slavko Borojević (1919-2019)

Held in Novi Sad, Serbia, on 13-15th November 2019

Organized by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts – Branch in Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Novi Sad, and Institute of Field and

Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad

This Book of Abstracts is available online at www.ifvcns.rs/abstracts-borojevic/

Published by: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad

National Institute of the Republic of Serbia

For the publisher: Dr. Svetlana Balešević Tubić, director of

the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad

Prof. Dr. Bogdan Kuzmanović, president of the Board of Directors of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad

Editor-in-chief:

Dr. Ana Marjanović Jeromela

Editors: academician Dragan Škorić, Serbian Academy of Sciences

and Arts, Branch in Novi Sad

Prof. Dr. Miodrag Dimitrijević, Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Novi Sad

academician Stevan Pilipović, president of

the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts – Branch in Novi Sad

Dr. Radivoje Jevtić, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad

Technical editor:

Tanja Vunjak

ISBN 978-86-80417-83-7 Novi Sad, 2019

This Symposium was financially supported by the Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research

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COMMITTEES OF THE SYMPOSIUM Scientific Committee Prof. dr Miodrag Dimitrijević, chairman, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad Prof. dr Srbislav Denčić, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Prof. dr Novo Pržulј, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka Dr Milutin Bede, Osijek Prof. dr Jan Boćanski, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad Prof. dr Sofija Petrović, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad Dr Ankica Kondić Špika, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Dr Milan Mirosavlјević, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Organizing Committee Academician Dragan Škorić, chairman, SANU, Beograd Dr Radivoje Jevtić, vice chairman, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Dr Ana Marjanović Jeromela, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Dr Sanja Mikić, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Doc. dr Borislav Banjac, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad Doc. dr Velimir Mladenov, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad Dr Bojan Jocković, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Honorary Committee Academician Stevan Pilipović, chairman, SANU, Belgrade Emeritus prof. Marija Kralјević Balalić, vice chairman, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad Prof. dr Nedelјko Tica, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad Dr Svetlana Balešević Tubić, Director of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Prof. dr Dejan Jakšić, Rector of the University of Novi Sad Mladen Šarčević, Minister of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia Prof. dr Zoran Milošević, Provincial Secretary for Higher Education and Research Dr Vuk Radojević, Provincial Secretary for Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management Dr Novica Mladenov, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Prof. dr Miroslav Malešević, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Dr Đorđe Jocković, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Prof. dr Jelena Bošković, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management (FIMEK), Novi Sad Dr Ksenija Borojević, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston

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PROGRAM

Wednesday, November 13

17.00-18.00 Registration and Welcome Reception (The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Branch in Novi Sad, address Nikole Pašića 6)

from 18.00 Tour of Sremski Karlovci, Wine Tasting and Dinner

Thursday, November 14

9.15 – 10.00 Opening ceremony and welcome speeches by the organizers and special guests

10.00 – 10.30 Coffee break

Chairpersons: Prof. Dr. Miodrag Dimitrijević, academician Dragan Škorić, academician Teodor Atanacković

10.30-11.00 Opening lecture: From Cold Spring Harbour to the Novi Sad School of Genetics

Prof. Dr. Miodrag Dimitrijević, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture

11.00-11.30 Plenary lecture: World Food Supply Present and Future - Problems and Prospects

Prof. Dr. Perry Gustafson, Adjunct Professor of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, USA and retired geneticist of the Agricultural Research Service, USDA

11.30-12.00 Plenary lecture: Gene Manipulation In Wheat Improvement

12.00-12.30 Plenary lecture: Селекция мягкой пшеницы в Национальном Центре зерна имени П. П. Лукьяненко: традиционные и биотехнологические методы

Dr. Davojan Rumik Oganesovič, Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko, Krasnodar, Russia

12.30-12.45 Changes in Senescence Pattern Related With Breeding Progress in Winter Wheat

Dr. Milan Mirosavljević, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad

12.45-13.00 Improvement of Spike-Stem-Tillers (SST) Complex is a Challenge In Wheat Breeding

Prof. Dr. Ivan Panayotov, Agricultural Experimental Station - Dunav, Bulgaria

13.00-13.15 Polymorphisms and Flow of Gliadin Alleles in Wheat

Prof. Dr. Desimir Knežević, University of Priština, Faculty of Agriculture in Lešak, Kosovo & Metohija, Serbia

13.15-13.30 Discussion

13.30-14.00 Poster Viewing Session

from 14.00 Lunch and Closing Ceremony

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INTRODUCTORY NOTE

The greatness and wealth of a nation are not in numbers, area and material resources. The size and wealth of the nation are in people, ideas, achievements and moral values that this nation has created, reached and established. Prof. Dr. Slavko Borojević, a geneticist, breeder, agronomist, professor, academician, built himself and his work into the greatness and wealth of his people, the state, and much wider than that - in the heritage of humanity. The aspiration for freedom, the primordial, eternal struggle to achieve it, marked the life and deed of Professor Borojević. Firstly, he fought this battle as a warrior on the battlefield, then as a fighter against hunger, for food security, for liberty and independence through seed and food production self-sufficiency, creating our domestic, varieties of bread grain. It is this constant struggle that has helped to build the scientific thought of genetics at the Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad on the right foundation and to create the "Novi Sad School of Genetics", which, by the means of wheat breeding and through thousands of young people attending this school, has been introduced to the world, recognized and respected, like its father - professor Slavko Borojević. The symposium "100th Birth Anniversary of Academician Slavko Borojević (1919-2019)" is devoted to remembrance of our great people, their work and legacy. In order to wisely go into the future, we need to know who we are, what we are and where we come from. We who are carrying all our ancestors in our genes, we do have the obligation to remember those who have indebted the Fatherland and preserve their work. This Symposium should bring us together around the scientific results of modern genetics and breeding, which were realized on the basis of the work and science of prof. Borojević. With this gathering, we recollect the great scientific and educational work that is possible, when the right people are in the right places and when there is concern for science and education. Professor Borojević created a highly valuable environment around him, but this environment created such a great person, as well. In these times, the Symposium "100th Birth Anniversary of Academician Slavko Borojević" should remind us that we are free, great and rich nation, especially with great achievements in agronomic science. By properly genotype by environment interaction, we could be richer for many new "borojevics", which would not leave for abroad in search for happiness, but remain here and work for the wellbeing of the Fatherland, as Slavko Borojević, a university professor, world known geneticist and wheat breeder honourably did, walking high and tall.

Prof. Dr. Miodrag Dimitrijević University of Novi Sad Faculty of Agriculture

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ABSTRACTS

Opening lecture 1. From Cold Spring Harbour to the Novi Sad School of Genetics / Miodrag Dimitrijević, Sofija

Petrović, Borislav Banjac (Serbia)

Past and Future of Cereal Improvement 2. Changes in senescence pattern related with breeding progress in winter wheat / Milan

Mirosavljević, Vojislava Momčilović, Sanja Mikić, Vladimir Aćin, Verica Takač, Srbislav Denčić (Serbia)

3. Improvement of spike-stem-tillers (SST) complex is a challenge in wheat breeding / Ivan Panayotov (Bulgaria)

4. Grain yield changes in historical set of Pannonian winter wheat varieties / Bojan Jocković, Velimir Mladenov, Radivoje Jevtić, Sonja Ilin, Vladimir Aćin, Milan Mirosavljević, Dragan Živančev (Serbia)

5. Utilisation of sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation test for quality prediction of wheat cultivars in Serbia / Dragan Živančev, Milan Mirosavljević, Bojan Jocković, Vojislava Momčilović, Radivoje Jevtić, Vladimir Aćin, Slaviša Štatkić, Sanja Mikić (Serbia)

6. Variations of ecological factors in plant production – Frames of living activities of cultivated plants / Ljubica Šarčević-Todosijević, Vera Popović, Sara Has, Ljubiša Živanović (Serbia)

Biodiversity and Utilization of Genetic Resources in Cereals

7. Characterisation of small grains resources at IFVCNS with UPOV descriptors / Sanja Mikić, Verica Takač, Milan Mirosavljević, Dragana Trkulja, Vojislava Momčilović, Ankica Kondić Špika, Ljiljana Brbaklić (Serbia)

8. Estimation of genetic diversity and population structure of IFVCNS wheat collection using molecular markers and pedigrees / Ljiljana Brbaklić, Dragana Trkulja, Sanja Mikić (Serbia)

9. Analysis of chlorophyll content in a bread wheat collection and its correlations with flowering time and grain yield / Verica Takač, Sanja Mikić, Milan Mirosavljević, Vojislava Momčilović, Dragana Trkulja, Ljiljana Brbaklić, Ankica Kondić Špika (Serbia)

10. Improvement of buckwheat production / Vera Popović, Ljubiša Kolarić, Branka Žarković, Ljubiša Živanović, Ljubica Šarčević Todosijević, Jelena Golijan, Jela Ikanović (Serbia)

Cereals Genetics and Genomics 11. Polymorphisms and flow of gliadin alleles in wheat / Desimir Knežević (Serbia) 12. Genomic technology identification of varieties and hybrids of perennial grass crops /

Kondratskaya I. P., Yuknimuk A. N., Chizhik O. V., Reshetnikov V. N., Stolepchenko V. A., Vasko P. P. (Belarus)

Cereals Breeding in a light of Climatic Changes - Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistance

13. Obtaining of genetically changed wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) with increased resistance to drought / Mykhals’ka S.I., Komisarenko A.G., Pryadkina G.O. (Ukraine)

14. Evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) response to different abiotic stresses using modern phenotyping platforms / Ankica Kondić-Špika, Sanja Mikić, Dragana Trkulja, Milan Mirosavljević, Ljiljana Brbaklić, Vesna Župunski, Imre Vass, Janos Pauk, Carl-Otto Ottosen (Serbia, Hungary, Denmark)

15. Stem store ability of winter wheat under natural drought conditions / V. V. Morgun, G. A. Pryadkina, O. V. Zborivska (Ukraine)

16. Photosynthetic traits of transgenic maize plants with dsRNA suppressor of proline dehydrogenase gene / O. O. Stasik, D. A. Kiriziy, O. G. Sokolovska-Sergiienko, G. O. Pryadkina, S. I. Mykhalska (Ukraine)

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Symposium on Genetics and Plant Breeding in Cereals:

100th Birth Anniversary of Academician Slavko Borojević (1919-2019) Opening lecture

From Cold Spring Harbour to the Novi Sad School of Genetics

Miodrag Dimitrijević*, Sofija Petrović, Borislav Banjac

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Serbia

e-mail: [email protected]

Genetics is the oldest subject of human contemplation, and one of the youngest scientific disciplines, a bit more than 150 years old. However, genetics is one of the fastest growing fields of human activity in history. From Mendel’s 3:1 segregation ratio to human genome sequencing completion 140 years had passed. However, this genetic pathway has started when the first conscious selection of advantageous phenotype from a group took place. It was 6000 years ago. 3500 years later, in Ancient Greece, the first recorded meditation on heredity appeared. Today, genetics is a scientific field that is thought to mark, if not millennium, at least its first century. Genetics largely contributed to Green Revolution in the mid-1950s, the industrialization of agricultural production, and was a scientific battlefield during the Cold War after WWII. In this whirlwind of events during the second half of the twentieth century in Novi Sad, a proliferate Plant Breeding Program has been established, as well as a Chair of Genetics and Plant Breeding at the Faculty of Agriculture. The founder and spiritus movens of both was Professor Slavko Borojević, world famous wheat breeder and geneticist. The remarkable legacy Borojević left to us is the Novi Sad School of Genetics (NSSG), based on his views on genetics and heredity. A hallmark of NSSG has been openness to theories and views, and a course between East and West genetic and evolution dogmas. Accepting the best from both sides, and amalgamating it, a broad view on inheritance has been developed. The result of this work is self-sufficiency in wheat production, hundreds of wheat varieties, thousands of students, PhDs, scholars and university professors, as well as competence and readiness to fully participating in fulfilling an immediate and crucial task to meet the nutrition requirements of more than 9 billion souls expected by 2050. Key words: heredity, genetics, Borojević, Novi Sad, school, history

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100th Birth Anniversary of Academician Slavko Borojević (1919-2019) Topic: Past and Future of Cereal Improvement

Oral presentation

Changes in Senescence Pattern Related with Breeding Progress in Winter Wheat

Milan Mirosavljević*, Vojislava Momčilović, Sanja Mikić,

Vladimir Aćin, Verica Takač, Srbislav Denčič

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia e-mail: [email protected]

During the past century, grain yield potential in winter wheat has been continuously improved as the result of changes in production technology and development of modern high-yielding cultivars. Previous studies of the grain yield progress in winter wheat has been mainly restricted to the analysis of changes in main grain yield determinates, such as grain weight and grain number. However, there is a lack of information about changes in stay green pattern related to breeding progress in winter wheat. Therefore, the main objective of this paper was to analyse the changes in the stay-green traits related to the grain yield improvement in a historical set of 25 winter wheat cultivars released during the last century. Stay-green traits were measured during two growing seasons at least twice a week for each plot starting from awn emergence until after maturity using a hand-held NDVI meter. Results from this study showed the positive relationship between the year of cultivar release and grain yield, with genetic gain of 51 kg per year. The NDVI values at different stages of senescence – crop greenness were increased in modern cultivars compared to their older counterparts. Also, duration of time to start and midpoint of senescence was increased with the year of cultivar release, while timing of concluding senescence was not significantly improved. Grain yield was mainly related to the crop greenness, while its association with duration of stay green traits was less pronounced. Therefore, results from this study indicated that the rate of genetic progress in winter wheat has not reached plateau in southern Pannonian plain. Moreover, further breeding progress in winter wheat should be more related to the crop greenness and biomass than the duration of stay-green period. Key words: breeding progress, grain yield, stay-green, wheat

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Oral presentation

Improvement of Spike-Stem-Tillers (SST) Complex

is a Challenge in Wheat Breeding

Ivan Panayotov

Agricultural Experimental Station – Dunav, Bulgaria e-mail: [email protected]

The wheat yield is determined by a lot of genes – more than 1200 active ones. Most important genes are included in SST (spike-stem-tillers) complex. The new wheat architecture is an optimal combination between these three components. The new wheat spikes form more than 65 plump grains with TKW 36-42 g and total grain weight 2.5 g. The stem should be strong enough and elastic to bear such a spike. This stem is a combination of several recessive Rht/rht genes/alleles. Tillers control is most difficult to be created because a negative correlation between tillers and spike existed. Optimal combination between these two components is possible. The main and second-third tillers should bear almost similar spikes and their heading time to be the same. The new lines, already established, possessed these characteristics and their yield ability is more than 12 t/ha with good grain shape and quality. This is a combination between CIMMYT lines, some European cultivars and national Bulgarian breeding materials. This is a new challenge in wheat breeding and production. Key words: spike productivity, stem height and stability, tillers number, yield potential, grain shape, grain quality References: Ivan T. Panayotov, 2013. Increasing spike productivity in winter wheat under semi-arid conditions. The 12th Intern. Wheat Genet. Symp., Yokohama, Japan, Abstracts, p. 221. Ivan Panayotov, 2017. Yield capacity increasing in winter wheat by improvement of spike-stem-tillers (SST) complex. Proc.13th Intern. Wheat Genet. Symp., Tulln, Austria, p. 486.

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Poster presentation

Grain Yield Changes in Historical Set of Pannonian Winter Wheat Varieties

Bojan Jocković*1, Velimir Mladenov2, Radivoje Jevtić1, Sonja Ilin1,

Vladimir Aćin1, Milan Mirosavljević1, Dragan Živančev1

1Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia 2University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia


Improvement of winter wheat grain yield represents one of the major breeding objectives worldwide, due to increase in human population and rapid decrease in the cropping areas. In general, grain yield changes have mainly been related to the changes of grain number per unit area, while changes in grain weight have been less pronounced. However, under less favourable environmental conditions, grain yield is often related to grain weight. Therefore, knowledge of the changes in the main traits associated with improvement of grain yield is important for future impact on wheat breeding programs. The objective of this study was to analyse the changes in grain yield and related traits in the set of winter wheat varieties widely grown in the southern Pannonian region in the past 50 years. For this study, historical set of 20 winter wheat varieties were chosen to analyse the changes in grain yield, 1000 grain weight and grain number per unit area. The trial was conducted during two growing seasons at the Experimental Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Serbia (typical Pannonian location). Study showed that examined traits were positively related with year of variety release. Changes in grain yield displayed average improvement of 43 kg ha-1 per year. On average, 1000 grain weight varied between 39.1 and 47.7 g, where improvement of 0.20 g per year could be mostly ascribed to newer varieties which had higher values of this trait. Moreover, modern wheat varieties had higher grain number per unit area compared to the older predecessors. In conclusion, study demonstrated that there were significant changes in grain yield during the examined period. Therefore, further grain yield improvement should be related in changes of both main grain yield determinants - 1000 grain weight and grain number per unit area. Key words: wheat, yield, grain number

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Poster presentation

Utilisation of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Sedimentation Test for

Quality Prediction of Wheat Cultivars in Serbia

Dragan Živančev*, Milan Mirosavljević, Bojan Jocković, Vojislava Momčilović, Radivoje Jevtić, Vladimir Aćin, Slaviša Štatkić, Sanja Mikić

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia

e-mail: [email protected] Utilisation of small-scale, high-throughput methods for wheat quality prediction is important for wheat breeding programs. Namely, fast and reliable methods are necessary for quality evaluation of a high number of genotypes from early generation. Methods that use wholegrain or wholegrain meal are developed for smaller samples, which possess additional advantage over the methods that use wheat flour. Sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation (SDSS) is a traditional inexpensive chemical test for preliminary prediction of the gluten quality. It is used worldwide for examination of wheat quality, but very rarely in Serbia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate a possibility of using SDSS on Serbian wheat cultivars. Thirty different wheat cultivars belonging to different quality groups released by the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad were examined in the study using the SDSS method by Pena et al. (1990) with one modification. Namely, Perten DISC mill FN AB 30 was used for preparation of wheat samples instead of UDY Cyclone mill. The obtained results were opposite to the literature data. The SDSS values ranged from 3.7 to 7.4 ml, whereas according to Pena et al. (1990) SDSS of weak bread wheat is less than 10 ml, while SDSS of strong bread are in the range from 13.0 to 21.0 ml. Therefore, ten wheat cultivars, which cover whole range of gained SDSS results, were chosen and additionally milled by FN LM 3100 mill and SDSS were determined again. The results ranged from 5.2 to 12.8. Also, the correlation between SDSS values obtained with these two mills was positive and statistically significant (r=0.91). The results from our study demonstrated that SDSS could be successfully used for fast determination of wheat quality. However, the most influential factor in the study was particle distribution of milled samples since sample preparation by two different mills resulted in different values compared to most SDSS literature data. Key words: sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation, SDSS, quality, gluten, wheat References: Peña et al. 1990. J. Cereal Sci 12:105-112

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Topic: Past and Future of Cereal Improvement Poster presentation

Variations of Ecological Factors in Plant Production – Frames of Living Activities of Cultivated Plants

Ljubica Šarčević-Todosijević1*, Vera Popović2, Sara Has1, Ljubiša Živanović3

1High Medical - Sanitary School of Professional Studies "Visan", Belgrade, Serbia 2Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia

3Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia e-mail: [email protected]

Ecological factors represent all the effects of the surrounding environment on the organism, they are the basic determinant of ecology and depending on the nature of their activity and extent of variation, the life of all biological species, populations, individuals and communities in ecosystems depends. Each organism can survive in a limited range of environmental conditions. The extent of variation of an ecological factor - ecological valence, represents the limits within which life of biological species is possible. In crop production, in the open field, variations in ecological factors are particularly pronounced. Also, these factors can affect plants indirectly or directly; they do not act individually, but in a group or a complex of factors. Although almost all factors are equally important for the life of cultivated plants, in open field ecological conditions, light, temperature and water prevail. Sunlight is one of the most important ecological factors, which determines the variability of the external appearance of a plant and its individual organs. Under insufficient light, the cultivated plants undergo major morphological changes. Temperature is also one of the most significant ecological factors, enabling basic processes in plants. The life activity of the cultivated plants ranges within certain thermal limits. If the temperature reaches pessimum area, i.e. near the minimum or maximum point for the life of the plant organism, the life activity will decrease sharply, to potential death. The optimum temperatures for the photosynthesis process of most cultivated plants range between 25 and 35ºC. The temperature optimum at low light and reduced CO2 in air is about 10ºC, at slightly higher light and normal CO2 is about 20ºC, and at full light and increased CO2 is about 30ºC. Optimum mineral nutrition of cultivated plants is also conditioned by optimum temperatures. Water is a basic factor for life of every organism, as it enables biochemical and physiological processes to take place in a plant cell. Not only does the extent to which ecological factors vary determine the growth, development and yield of cultivated plants, it also sets the frame for the life activities of cultivated plants. By moving away from their optimal effect, the physiological processes of the cultivated plants slow down or cease altogether.

Key words: cultivated plants, ecological factors, light, temperature, water, ecological valence

Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, and was created as a result of the projects: TR 31025 and TR 31078 and bilateral project: Alternative cereals and oilseeds as a source of health food and an important raw material for the production of biofuels (Serbia-Montenegro, 2019-2020).

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Topic: Biodiversity and Utilization of Genetic Resources in Cereals Poster presentation

Characterisation of Small Grains Resources at IFVCNS with UPOV Descriptors

Sanja Mikić*, Verica Takač, Milan Mirosavljević, Dragana Trkulja,

Vojislava Momčilović, Ankica Kondić Špika, Ljiljana Brbaklić


Characterisation of genetic diversity of small grains germplasm is important for their identification, classification and efficient use in breeding. The aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity of winter wheat, durum wheat and triticale varieties and breeder’s lines developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Serbia, during the last 50 years, with morphological characteristics. A total of 26 morphological traits were used for characterization as described in the guidelines for the conduct of tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability of the International Union for Protection of New Varieties of Plants. The normalised Shannon diversity index (Hꞌ) was used as a measure of morphological diversity. The homogeneity analysis was used to analyse the patterns of variations with categorical data with the R package Homals. An R package VarSelLCM was used to determine the most relevant characteristics for clustering the genotypes. On average, the diversity was higher for traits relating to generative than for those associated with vegetative organs in bread and durum wheat, while in triticale the diversity was higher for traits relating to vegetative plant organs. The Shannon diversity index in bread wheat genotypes ranged from 0.63, to 1.49, with the mean of 1.10, indicating a high morphological diversity. The lower level of morphological diversity was observed in durum wheat, with the smallest mean value of Hꞌ of 0.616 and a range from 0.28 to 0.950. The triticale genotypes showed medium level of morphological diversity with Hꞌ varying from 0.235, to 1.457, and the mean value of 0.752. The traits of bread wheat that contributed the most to the distinction of varieties were the presence of scurs or awns on ears, shoulder width of lower glumes, beak length of lower glumes and seasonal type. In durum wheat, traits that contributed the most to the distinction of genotypes were the ear colouration, length of beak of the lower glume, lower glume shape, ear length of awns at tip relative to ear length and colour of awns. In triticale, growth habit, density of hairiness of neck on stem, time of ear emergence and ear density had the largest contribution to differentiation of the genotypes. Morphological characterization using the traits with the highest discriminative power could be a useful complementary method for comprehensive wheat germplasm classification and diversity analysis. Key words: small grains, diversity, morphological traits Acknowledgement: This research is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (project TR-31066).

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Estimation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of IFVCNS Wheat Collection Using Molecular Markers and Pedigrees

Ljiljana Brbaklić*, Dragana Trkulja, Sanja Mikić


Within its 80-year long tradition in crop improvement, the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops has been focusing on incorporation of the latest scientific innovations and technological achievements into conventional breeding programs. The utilization of molecular markers in the Small Grains Department began two decades ago, with their routine use in screening for major genes, especially Rht, Vrn and Ppd. One of the greatest IFVCNS assets, crucial for its breeding success, is a tremendous wheat collection consisting of breeding material, and more that 3000 genotypes diligently collected for decades from the all over the world, evaluated and classified by the important agronomic traits. Classification exclusively based on geographic origin has proved not to be sufficiently precise to explain all relationships among genotypes as a result of constant exchange of genetic material between breeding centres. For this reason, a subset of the IFVNCS collection, containing 283 representative wheat genotypes from 5 continents, were selected to determine its genetic diversity with 30 microsatellite markers and compare it with available pedigree data. Molecular data was analysed in the program STRUCTURE, applying algorithm model to discriminate 6 assumed clusters. A high level of molecular diversity was detected in the first cluster with genotypes originating from all continents. During the development of those cultivars in Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia, most of Yugoslavian and Italian cultivars were used as parent lines. Also, cultivars from the Soviet Union and Mexico were widely used for crossing in numerous world breeding centres. English, French and Italian high-yielding cultivars were dominant in the second cluster. Although the pedigrees of many genotypes from the third cluster were not available, most of them originated from America and carried Lr resistance genes. The genotypes from Croatia with specific branched spike architecture were assigned to the fourth cluster. The fifth cluster grouped the cultivars developed at IFVCNS, most of which have the Russian cultivar “Bezostaya 1” as a predominant parent, which is widely used in East and Central Europe as a donor of genes for resistance to low temperature, Rht8 and Ppd1 genes. Since pedigree data are often imprecise and incomplete, molecular markers can elucidate complex genetic relationships between genotypes caused by selection, mutation or genetic drift. Application of microsatellite markers for germplasm characterization is more efficient than pedigrees due to automatisation analysis, high level of polymorphism, locus specificity and codominant nature, which could speed up the process of selection and introgression of the desirable alleles into commercial genotypes. Key words: wheat, diversity, molecular markers, pedigree

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Analysis of Chlorophyll Content in a Bread Wheat Collection and Its Correlations with Flowering Time and Grain Yield

Verica Takač*, Sanja Mikić, Milan Mirosavljević, Vojislava Momčilović, Dragana Trkulja, Ljiljana Brbaklić, Ankica Kondić Špika


Chlorophyll content has been used to assess crop nitrogen status, level of abiotic and biotic stress, and to predict yield. The aim of this study was to determine the level of chlorophyll content in a collection of 100 bread wheat genotypes originating from Europe, Asia and America, and analyse its correlations with flowering time and grain yield. Bread wheat genotypes from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia were analysed for relative chlorophyll content, flowering time and grain yield in a field trial at an experimental site at Rimski Šančevi using a completely randomised block experiment design with three replications during 2018/2019. The relative content of chlorophyll index (CCI) was measured with a portable non-destructive clip chlorophyll meter. The number of days to flowering time was calculated from the 1st January to the date when 50% of the plants from the plot have at least one flower. Grain yield was determined at maturity from 5 m2 mechanical harvested plots and calculated at 10% moisture level. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and correlations among the traits were performed in the R software. The analysis of variance showed that the highest value of CCI was determined for the genotypes for southern and eastern Europe (32.9), while the smallest CCI value was observed in the group from the American continent (28.6). The earliest flowering time was observed among the genotypes from Asia (128.4 days), while the wheat varieties from the western and central Europe had latest flowering time (138.0 days). The western and central European group and southern and eastern European group (4.199 t/ha) had the highest yields, whereas the Asian and American groups had significantly smaller grain yields. Significant positive correlations were determined between chlorophyll content index and grain yield. The early flowering genotypes on average had higher chlorophyll content and grain yield then the later wheat genotypes. When the genotypes were separated in three groups according to their time of flowering, early and medium flowering groups had significantly higher values of chlorophyll content index than the group with late flowering genotypes. The group with medium flowering genotypes had significantly higher grain yield that the remaining two groups. The genotypes with medium flowering time had on average highest chlorophyll content and grain yield, showing adaptation to Serbian agro-ecological conditions. Key words: chlorophyll, wheat, correlations, flowering, yield Acknowledgement: This study is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (TR-31066).

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Improvement of Buckwheat Production

Vera Popović*1, Ljubiša Kolarić2, Branka Žarković2, Ljubiša Živanović2, Ljubica Šarčević Todosijević3, Jelena Golijan2, Jela Ikanović2

1Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia 2University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia

3High Medical Sanitary S. of Professional Studies VISAN, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia e-mail: [email protected]

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a diploid (2n=16) annual alternative cereal, from the family Polygonaceae, the genus Fagopyrum, which originated in China. Buckwheat is successfully cultivated in the plains and mountainous regions of Serbia. It has excellent technological grain quality, contains important amino acids, iron, magnesium, folic acid, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside and a small amount of triglycoside, making it suitable foodstuff for special nutrition. Buckwheat has multiple uses, as food and feed, in the pharmaceutical and other industries. Buckwheat variety Ńovosadska´ is one of the most grown varieties in Serbia. For successful production it is necessary to apply varietal cultivation technology. Knowledge of the biological properties of the plant itself and its requirements according to environmental conditions, form the basis of cultivation technology. Important agro-technical measures in buckwheat production are nutrition and row spacing. The aim of this study was to present preliminary results of the effects of row spacing (25 and 50 cm) and NPK nutrients (0; 30; 60 and 90 kg ha-1) of the tested buckwheat variety Ńovosadska´ to the following traits: germination energy and germination of seeds (%), seed weight per plant (g), number of seeds per plant and seed yield (kg ha-1). Based on the analysis of variance, row spacing and fertilization had a statistically significant effect on all of the examined factors. Germination energy varied from 86 to 95% and seed germination from 89 to 99%. A significantly smaller number of seeds per plant, seed mass per plant and seed yield were achieved at a distance of 50 cm between the rows and in the control variant compared to the variants with nutrition. Depending on the row spacing, the number of seeds per plant ranged from 23 (50 cm) to 34 (25 cm), seed weight varied from 0.45 g to 0.50 g while seed yield varied from 700 kg ha-1 (50 cm) to 980 kg ha-1 (25 cm). Significantly lower yields were obtained in the control variant compared to the fertilized variant. A significantly higher seed yield was obtained in the combination of NPK 90 kg ha-1 (1180 kg ha-1) compared to all tested variants. The obtained results showed that Ńovosadska´ variety has great genetic yield potential and can achieve high yields when proper row spacing and fertilization is applied. Key words: Fagopyrum esculentum, productive traits, row spacing, nutrition Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, and was created as a result of the projects: TR 31025 and TR 31078 and bilateral project: Alternative cereals and oilseeds as a source of health food and an important raw material for the production of biofuels (Serbia-Montenegro, 2019-2020).

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Topic: Cereals Genetics and Genomics Oral presentation

Polymorphisms and Flow of Gliadin Alleles in Wheat

Desimir Knežević

University of Pristina, Faculty of Agriculture in Lešak, Kosovo & Metohija, Serbia

e-mail: [email protected] Among the four groups of storage proteins (albumins, globulins, gliadins and glutenins) deposited in endosperm of wheat seeds, gliadin and glutenins have the main impact on total content of protein (80%). Contents of gliadin and glutenins are equal, approximately in ratio (1:1 or 40%:40%) and have a significant role in determining quality of flour, dough and bread. Gliadins are endosperm storage proteins of wheat seed, encoded by six genes which are located at the short arm of chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 6A, 6B, and 6D. The aim of this study was the estimation of polymorphisms of alleles at the Gli-1 and Gli-2 loci in wheat cultivars created in Serbia and the origin of the identified alleles was estimated on base of introduced foreign wheat cultivars used in breeding program. This study included 30 Serbian varieties and foreign varieties used as parents, which originated from Russia, Italy, Hungary, France, and Great Britain. Based on the analysis, polymorphisms at the all six Gli-loci were established. At the Gli-A1 six alleles were identified, at the Gli-B1 six alleles, at Gli-D1 five alleles, at the Gli-A2 six alleles, at the Gli-B2 seven alleles and at the Gli-2 six alleles. The most frequent gliadin alleles were: Gli-A1a (30%), Gli-B1b (33.3%), Gli-D1b (53.3%), Gli-A2g (26.7%), Gli-B2b (36.7%), and Gli-D2b (33.7%). In foreign wheat varieties which are used in breeding program in Serbia, the most frequent alleles were Gli-A1a, Gli-B1g, Gli-D1k, Gli-A2g, Gli-B2o, Gli-D2r in Italian varieties, Gli-A1f, Gli-B1s, Gli-D1b, Gli-A2g, Gli-B2g, Gli-D2a in French varieties, Gli-A1f, Gli-B1e, Gli-D1a, Gli-A2b, Gli-B2b, Gli-D2a in Russian varieties, Gli-A1b, Gli-B1b, Gli-D1b, Gli-A2b, Gli-B2b, Gli-D2b in Hungarian wheat varieties. Gene alleles in foreign wheat varieties combined and transferred in Serbian varieties in breeding process. In breeding process genes flow from different geographical distances and fixed in Serbian varieties, depending on the purpose of wheat selection. The gliadin allele composition in Serbian wheat varieties had the most similarity with Hungarian and Russian wheat varieties. Key words: polymorphisms, wheat, alleles, gliadin

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Topic: Cereals Genetics and Genomics Poster presentation

Genomic Technology Identification of Varieties and Hybrids

of Perennial Grass Crops

Kondratskaya I. P.*1, Yuknimuk A. N.1, Chizhik O. V.1, Reshetnikov V. N.1, Stolepchenko V. A.2, Vasko P. P.2

1 Central Botanical Garden of NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus

2 Scientific and Practical Center of NAS of Belarus on Agriculture, Belarus e-mail: [email protected]

A molecular-genetic method has been developed for DNA analysis of varieties and hybrids Agropyron cristatum L., Agropyron protensis L., Lolium multiflorum L., Loliun perebnne L., Festuca arundinacea, Festuca protensis L., hybrids Festulolium, Alohecurus prantensis L., Alohecurus ventricocus L. For the plant genotypes labeling the multilocus primers associated with coding DNA regions (Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) Polymorphism), SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism), RAPD and ISSR primers have been selected. A system for hybrid plants genotypes and their parental forms registration in the form of molecular genetic passports have been elaborated. The genetic passports reflect the allele’s composition in loci associated with DNA coding sequences. On the base of RAPD, ISSR, SCoT and SRAP spectra the 35 molecular-genetic passports of perennial grass crops have been obtained for the first time. The data obtained are included in the information retrieval of Central Botanical Garden of NAS of Belarus - DNA is a bank of genotypes of the genus Agropyron cristatum L., Agropyron protensis L., Lolium multiflorum L., Loliun perenne L., Festuca arundinacea, Festuca protensis L., hybrids Festulolium, Alohecurus prantensis L., Alohecurus ventricocus L. This method will be used to solve problems such as copyright protection, determining the conformity of a variety to a standard, to create a computer database of DNA passports of plant varieties protected in Belarus, and to preserve the unique biological resources of economically valuable crops. Key words: genome, identification, perennial grass crops

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Topic: Cereals Breeding in a Light of Climatic Changes: Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistance

Poster presentation

Obtaining of Genetically Changed Wheat Plants (Triticum aestivum L.) With Increased Resistance to Drought

Mykhals’ka S. I.*, Komisarenko A. G., Pryadkina G. O.

Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics,

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine e-mail: [email protected]

Obtaining plants with increased resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions is a priority in current scientific research. Nowadays, along with traditional breeding methods, genetic engineering techniques are widely used to integrate recombinant DNA molecules, capable of genetically controlling adaptation/resistance processes. One of perspective directions to increase the level of resistance of cultivated plants to osmotic stresses is genetic engineering using genes that control the metabolism of free proline. In order to increase the resistance level of transgenic wheat plants, agrobacterial strains LBA4404 and AGLO containing the same plasmid рВі2Е were used (Tishenko, 2013). The vector construction pBi2Е, based on the gene proline dehydrogenase (PDH) of Arabidopsis thaliana L., consists of fragments of the first exon and intron of gene PDH1 of Arabidopsis, which encodes the L-proline catabolism enzyme. Placing fragments of the ProDH gene in the anti-sense orientation leads to inhibition of its expression by post-transcriptional silencing of RNA. Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation was carried out in planta during pollination. The received seeds were introduced in vitro for selection, which was carried out during two passages on a medium supplemented with 50 mg/l kanamycin sulfate. The integration of transgenes was established by the PCR method, their functionality was studied by the level of resistance of genetically modified plants to drought. The plants were exposed to osmotic stress, which was created by stopping watering for 10 days. Under drought stress, the content of L-proline in transgenic plants exceeded the control plants values (under normal conditions of water supply) by 2-3 times. Yield of genetically modified plants was higher, than control: in particular, grain weight per plant of variety Dostatok line exceeded by 2.5 times, and weight of 1000 grains – by 1.5 times. Therefore, the increase in free proline content, caused by the decrease in the activity of the enzyme proline dehydrogenase in transgenic plants, contributed to the increase of resistance of genetically modified plants to drought. Key words: wheat, transgenetic, osmotic stress, drought, resistance, proline The publication contains the results of research conducted within the framework of departmental topics funded by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine "Development of methods of genetic transformation and creation of winter wheat source material resistant to drought » (2018-2022).

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Poster presentation

Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Response to Different Abiotic Stresses Using Modern Phenotyping Platforms

Ankica Kondić-Špika*1, Sanja Mikić1, Dragana Trkulja1, Milan Mirosavljević1,

Ljiljana Brbaklić1, Vesna Župunski1, Imre Vass2, Janos Pauk3, Carl-Otto Ottosen4

1Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia 2Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary

3Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary 4iCLIMATE Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Årslev,

Denmark e-mail: [email protected]

In a context of climate change and soil and water resource degradation, it becomes increasingly important to reduce the need for high fertilisers, water, or pesticides inputs, leading to more sustainable agricultural practices. In this context, our aim is to select the best performing wheat varieties in various deleterious abiotic environments, having both a higher yield, better quality and higher resource use efficiency in such stress-prone conditions. During the last decade, we evaluated the effect of drought stress and its combinations with other abiotic stresses (salt and N nutrition) on wheat grow and development using high-throughput shoot and root phenotyping platforms. The study of combined effect of water- and N- availability indicated that a Serbian cultivar NS 40S had very good water use efficiency, while in cv. NS Avangarda water use efficiency and N-use efficiency were well combined. Also, we identified a Serbian cultivar Subotičanka that was able to continue root growth in soil with limited water supply. In the study of complex interaction of drought and salt stresses, we analysed 14 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, from Serbia (5), Austria (4) and Azerbaijan (5) under controlled laboratory conditions and in a greenhouse. The best performance in total grain yield under salt stress alone was observed in the NS-Avangarda, Gobustan and Tale-38 cultivars, while under water stress alone the Gallio, Balkan and Grymzyl gul-1 showed the highest grain yield. Under conditions of combined water and salt stress the Capo, Tale-38, and NS-40S showed the best performance. Using the knowledge and the results from these studies, we extended our work by evaluating wheat response to heat stress at two important developmental stages, flowering time and grain filling period. Three Serbian cultivars were found to perform better under heat stress in comparison to the heat tolerant check variety. The results of all these studies will help breeders in the selection and improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in wheat. Key words: wheat, abiotic stresses, improved tolerance, high-throughput phenotyping platforms

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Poster presentation

Stem Store Ability of Winter Wheat Under Natural Drought Conditions

V.V. Morgun, G.A. Pryadkina*, O.V. Zborivska

Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

e-mail: [email protected] In Kiev region (Ukraine), the amount of precipitation, less than the normal, during the periods of formation of the reproductive organs of winter wheat and/or grain filling was observed in half of the last 10 years. In addition, 9 years from the last 10, the monthly average air temperature during these periods was higher than long-term means. Such climate changes determine the urgency of breeding of drought-tolerance cultivated plants varieties. As one way to reduce wheat yield losses, caused by drought, consider an ability of stem to carbohydrates store (Liang et al., 2017; Yáñez et al., 2017). The aim of our study was a comparative analysis of store ability parameters of main shoot stem of Ukrainian winter wheat varieties under natural drought conditions. The field experiments were carried out during the two growing seasons under conditions of natural moisture. Drought conditions in 2017 were observed during the period of grain filling (monthly amount of precipitation in June was 34, in July – 87% from normal), in 2018 at reproductive organs formation (in April – 17 and in May – 68%). The objects of this study were varieties of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yednist’ and Raihgorodka. The nonstructural carbohydrates content in the main shoot stem of variety Raihgorodka at anthesis in these years was 23.0-23.3%, and Yednist’ – 18.2-18.7%, at full ripeness – resp., 3.7-3.9 and 4.6-5.8%. The stem dry matter weight and amount of nonstructural carbohydrates at anthesis of the first variety was higher, than the second, resp., on 36-41 and 71-74%. The variety Raihgorodka had a highest difference of nonstructural carbohydrates amount during period from anthesis to full ripeness (222-244 mg/stem), and their relative contribution to grain weight (13-15%), than Yednist’ (resp., 108-130 mg/stem and 6-9%). Thereby, under natural drought conditions greater yield of variety Raihgorodka (8.55-8.75 t/ha), compared to Yednist’(6.60-7.75 t/ha) in both years is associated, in our opinion, with a bigger pool of carbohydrates stored in stem at anthesis, as well as of better efficiency of their remobilization during period of grain filling. Key words: stem, store ability, wheat, drought

The publication contains the results of research carried out within the framework of the project financed by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine: "Support to the development of priority areas of scientific research" (CPCS 6541230).

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Poster presentation

Photosynthetic Traits of Transgenic Maize Plants With Dsrna Suppressor of Proline Dehydrogenase Gene

O. O. Stasik, D. A. Kiriziy, O. G. Sokolovska-Sergiienko, G. O. Priadkina*, S. I. Mykhalska

Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine


Resistance to drought is associated with free L-proline accumulation in plant tissues (Aslam et al., 2017). The aim of this work was to study the features of photosynthetic apparatus and peculiarities of its reaction on soil drought (30% field capacity (FC)) and high temperature stress (35-40 °C) in plants of T3 generation of transgenic maize line T3L370 with reduced expression of proline dehydrogenase gene, obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta. Transformation was performed using the LBA4404 strain containing the binary vector construct pBi2E with a double-stranded RNA-suppressor of the Arabidopsis proline dehydrogenase gene ProDH1 (Tishchenko 2013). The plants were grown in the conditions of the pot experiment. Plants of the original inbred line of maize L370 were used as control. Under optimal conditions (70% FC), the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of transformed plants did not differ from the plants of the original line, however, they had a lower transpiration rate and, as a result the water use efficiency was almost 30% higher. Transformed plants showed significantly higher dark respiration rate and activity enzymes of chloroplasts antioxidant system – superoxide dismutase (30%) and ascorbate peroxidase (53%), which provided better possibilities for regulation the electron flow in chloroplasts and energy balance in photosynthesizing cells and facilitate protection of the photosynthetic apparatus under stresses. Under soil drought conditions the gene-modified plants also did not differ with original line plants in the rate of CO2 assimilation, however, they had an advantage in this parameter at elevated temperatures (35-40 °C). Under drought, the activity of antioxidant enzymes of chloroplasts, the rate of linear electron transport through photosystem II, the dark respiration, and the water use efficiency in the transformed plants were higher than in the plants of original line. The transgenic plants had lower level of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) under water limited conditions. The obtained results indicate an improvement of adaptive capabilities of the photosynthetic apparatus of corn plants with reduced expression of proline dehydrogenase gene due to increased activities of regulatory and protective systems.

Key words: maize, transgenetic, soil drought, high temperature The publication contains the results of research conducted within the framework of the target multidisciplinary research program funded by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine "Molecular and cellular biotechnologies for the needs of medicine, industry and agriculture" (2015-2019).

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BOOK OF ABSTRACTSDr Bojan Jocković, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Honorary Committee Academician Stevan Pilipović, chairman, SANU, Belgrade ... we could be richer