Body Designprocproc

(car styling) ‘. . . is amongstcommercial ar

n : The styling cesscesst the least understood of the rts’ – Arni,1988

Anatomyy

Picture taken from “ H point – The fundamentals

y of a Cary

of Car Design and packaging“ – Stuart Macey

AimAim

R i h l f S liReview the role of StyliGive an over-view of thconcept to final design.Demonstrate the need foDemonstrate the need fowork in tandem.

msms

st.he design stages from g g

or engineer and stylist toor engineer and stylist to

About DesAbout Des

d iIntroductionStylists’ JobStylists JobDesign StudioManagement of Des

sign Studiosign Studio

sign studio

IntroduStudio

Introdu

H l E l h fiHarley Earl set-up the fidepartment for GM in 1Method:

2D sketches to Full size2D sketches to Full size 3D templates (Clay or WB i f ll f i fBasis for all surface infoStructural design by Eng

New methods have evol

uctionProcess

uction

i b il liirst purpose built styling 927.

2D orthogonal illustrations2D orthogonal illustrationsWood or Plaster)

tiormationgineering Departmentlved from this.

StylistStudio

Stylist

Generation of concept Conversion into full sizConversion into full sizRendering Creation of scaled or fuBottom line “ Good dBottom line - Good ddesign, but bad detail cDetailing is important tDetailing is important t

ts’ JobProcess

ts Job

sketchesze “tape drawings”ze tape drawings

ull clay models.

detail cannot save a baddetail cannot save a bad can ruin a good one” –tootoo.

DesignDesign

Styling centresModelling tracksModelling tracks

InteriorExterior

Fabrication servicesFabrication servicesPaintingInteriors

StudioStudio

Studios work enStudio

Struc

Pi t t k f “ A i t d tiPicture taken from “ An introduction

nvironment and Process

cture

t M d hi l d i ” S ithn to Modern vehicle design” - Smith

InteStudio

Inte

Picture taken from “ An introduction

eriorProcess

erior

n to Modern vehicle design” - Smith

ExteExte

S k hiSeparate sketching Fabrication shops located nearbyOvens feed wax filled clayAccurate measurement usinprobes “Bridges” form the moving“reference” platformp

Picture taken from “ An introduction

eriorerior

ng

g

n to Modern vehicle design” - Smith

ManagemenStudio

DeparStylist reports to a Studioto the Senior managemenStylists receives input froEngineering in turn receiEngineering in turn receifinal shape to be manufaTh iThere are no companies under Styling.Styling voice can be loudpoint.

nt of Styling Process

rtmento manager who in turn reports nt or Boardom Engineering Department.ives input from Styling on theives input from Styling on the

actured.h E i i kwhere Engineering works

der as they decide on selling

ProcProc

P d Pl iProduct PlanningBrainstorminggThe package

iDrawingConceptpModeling2 / 3 CA2D / 3D CAD system

cesscess

Product PStudio

Product P

Important for commerW k l i h kWork along with markAnalyse markets, bency ,and assess own toolingCost target calculationCost target calculationPrepares product “brie

f ld) ft di iof old) after discussionstyling

PlanningProcess

Planning

rcial Success of companyk i d i iketing and program timing chmark competitor products p pgnsns ef” ( new product of facelift

ith i i dns with engineering and

BrainstStudio

Brainst

Meeting called by the sClient requirements areClient requirements areWildest of the ideas disN thiNothing goes on paperEnd of the meeting “bu

i dsuggestions noted.The use of this techniqumany fields of design agenerally regarded as v

tormingProcess

torming

studio head for all stylistse inputse inputsscussed

ullet points” of a few good

ue is of long proven value in and elsewhere and is very necessary (Cross, 1994).

The paStudio

The pa

Industry’s name for fuldrawings showing basig grequirements.Prepared by expert teamPrepared by expert teamergonomists in consultaand styling.and styling.Original master drawin

ackageProcess

ackage

ll size 3D orthogonal c mechanical and ergonomic g

m of layout engineers andm of layout engineers and ation with product planning

ng on “vellum”

PackageStudio

Package

Picture taken from “ An introduction

DrawingProcess

Drawing

n to Modern vehicle design” - Smith

PackaStudio

Packa

Drawings are basic refeGrid references form baGrid references form baengineering /workshopF k d iFrom package drawingsketching → Tape draw

agingProcess

aging

erences in all departmentsasic of all subsequentasic of all subsequent drawing produced

f kg starts process of package wing

Tape DStudio

Tape D

Details in Tape DrawingGrid references form baGrid references form baengineering /workshopF k d iFrom package drawingsketching → Tape drawDetailed vehicle dimenlevel.

DrawingProcess

Drawing

asic of all subsequentasic of all subsequent drawing produced

f kg starts process of package wing

nsions up to sub-system

Actual PackaStudio

Actual Packa

Picture taken from “ H point – The fundamentals

age DrawingProcess

age Drawing

s of Car Design and packaging“ – Stuart Macey

Review of CStudio

Review of C

Product planning lists csome more to listPackage engineering prdrawingsdrawingsPhotographs, pictures fCompany’s own vehicl“Right” atmosphere toRight atmosphere to desirable and worthy

CompetitionProcess

Competition

competitors, stylists add

rovides full package

from magazines are collectedles are also displayedchoose features perceivedchoose features perceived

Concept SStudio

Concept S

Aim is to get ideas andSketches loose and uncSketches loose and uncAlmost 50 concepts“Ideation” is the businedown on paper – Mc Kp pFew themes will be agrincorporated in furtherincorporated in further

Picture taken from “ An introduction

SketchingProcess

Sketching

d not refined designconstrainedconstrained

ess of getting mental images Kim and Toveyyreed or a particular feature sketches – process repeatssketches process repeats

n to Modern vehicle design” - Smith

Concept SStudio

Concept S

Picture taken from “ An introduction

SelectionProcess

Selection

n to Modern vehicle design” - Smith

Concept sStudio

Concept s

Rough sketches to stanSketches not fettered bySketches not fettered byconcentrated on packagFor facelifts further steFor facelifts, further stepicture of vehicle unde3D CAD system used3D CAD system used surface depiction in perviewsLiaison with engineers

selectionProcess

selection

ndard sheets A3 or A2y dimension buty dimension but gingep is carried out with largeep is carried out with large rlay.for final light rendering andfor final light rendering and rspective or orthographic

on feasibility

Full size tapStudio

Full size tap

Full size packaging sidthoroughly sketchedg yImportant features like clearances emphasisedclearances emphasised Next sheet is translucenA tape is pasted full lenWith this visual base dWith this visual base, d

pe drawingProcess

pe drawing

de elevation without wrinkles

air cleaner, radiator, head – aesthetic influenceaesthetic influence

nt plastic film tightly tapedngth forming the grounddrawing is starteddrawing is started

Full size tapStudio

Full size tap

Technique is to move the tposition is satisfactoryOnly lines and there is no Mix of black and white tapphighlightingOverlays are added for tireFinished drawing is photoAfter management clearangand sectional information The final drawing presente

pe drawingProcess

pe drawing

tapes as one wishes until the

sections at this stagepes for giving solid feel and p g g

es, front end silhouettegraphed

nce they are enhanced for graphics y g p

ed to a larger management group

Studio

Sketch to ta

Picture taken from “ An introduction

Process

ape drawing

n to Modern vehicle design” - Smith

Clay MoStudio

Clay Mo

Physical modelling is thactivityyWax based clay combinClay is “Plasticence” wClay is Plasticence wcold – superior to waterBefore modelling in claBefore modelling in clarequired - finished modFrame – metal with wheFrame – metal with wheSubstructure – boxed wupto150mm from top suupto150mm from top su

odelingProcess

odeling

he most time consuming

nation, used by Harley Earl when warm and hardens whenwhen warm and hardens when r baseday armature or substructureay, armature or substructure del can weigh 3 tonnes!!eels and adjustable heighteels and adjustable height

wooden with plastic foam urfaceurface

Clay moStudio

Clay mo

Claying up armature

Picture taken from “ An introduction

odelingProcess

odeling

to hard points

n to Modern vehicle design” - Smith

Clay MoStudio

Clay Mo

Wooden pegs at criticalScreen and glass panesScreen and glass panes packaging information.Electronic mill to genegCross sections made byplastic “splines”Photographic tapes usedfeature linesF bFor crease to be preservModel updated after fea

odelingProcess

odeling

l pointsat the exact points asat the exact points as

rate 3D by “ten lines”yy 2-3 long strips of Perspex

d to highlight clay model’s

d l li dved, nylon line usedasibility from Engineering

Clay MoStudio

Clay Mo

For Bumpers with constanDragging template ovgg g pExtrusion of sections

Large surfaces like roofs –gsteelSurfaces are deliberately l

then “combed” and serra- then combed and serraSurfaces are then slicked uglass smooth finishgOnce finished, surfaces babacked with paint film)

odelingProcess

odeling

nt section, ver models and stuck by shellac– “sweeps” by aluminium or p y

eft slightly “proud” (by 0.5 mm) ated “slick” for 0 5mmated slick for 0.5mm using steel or plastic sheets for

acked by “Dinoc” (adhesive

Surface wStudio

Surface w

Picture taken from “ An introduction

with DinocProcess

with Dinoc

n to Modern vehicle design” - Smith

PresentatStudio

Presentat

Picture taken from “ An introduction

ion ModelProcess

ion Model

n to Modern vehicle design” - Smith

Clay models duriClay models duri

Th h l• The whole process may tavarious intervals before fin• modification, • review by the stylists, y y ,• re-Dinoc and • presentation to managemen• presentation to managemen

• Design reviews performeddesign processdesign process.

ng design reviewng design review

k l l iake place several times at nal approval

ntnt d at critical stages of the

PrimaryStudio

Primary

Metallic Silver is the favou“contrasts”Scan/mill “bridge” to trackinto digital CAD “Pointed off” model checPointed off model - checmore frequently in comple

Then passed to Enginp g“Prove-out” model – totallreview process“Cube”– model formed byFibre glass external shell c

y ModelProcess

y Model

urite colour - ‘flips’ well –

k over surfaces get coordinates

ck dimensions @ 10 sectionsck dimensions @ 10 sections , ex areas –neeringgly new model after engineering

y wood dies for manufacturingconstructed for proving

InterStudio

Inter

Top end of the fleet moMore complex than exteMore complex than exteCommon feature – Instrof interiorsof interiors

Composite model Card and Foam corVinyl fabric / patteDinoc’d or paintedScaled models – 1/Scaled models 1/

riorsProcess

riors

odeled firsteriors takes long timeeriors - takes long timerument cluster related to rest

re (Styrofoam)erned rollersd/4 1/5 or 3/8/4, 1/5 or 3/8

InterStudio

Picture taken from “ An introduction

riorsProcess

n to Modern vehicle design” - Smith

2D CADStudio

2D CAD

Some prefer paper ske2D i b i di2D paint box using dig

Abandonment of paper bins”Easier transmissioEasier transmissiointeractionN tNot same as we aGrips and feel of

systemProcess

system

etch for “ideation”i i ‘ d’gitizer ‘pad’

markers, “overflowing , g

on of design – moreon of design more

f iliare familiar –pen on paperdigitizer

3D CADStudio

3D CAD

2D guide for input – recreWireframeWireframeSurfaceSolidSolid

Complete surface renderiniBy passing 2D CAD – use

completed for full modelQuickest way is digitize mQuickest way is digitize m3DModels in 3D can be usedModels in 3D can be used

systemProcess

system

ate them as 3D

ng is possibleh i il d ler has to wait until model gets

model created by 2D by scan tomodel created by 2D by scan to

to interact across departmentsto interact across departments

Further RJulian-Happian Smith (2002)

Further RJulian-Happian Smith (2002),Vehicle Design,Butterworth-H

Armi C Edson (1988) The AArmi, C. Edson (1988). The APenn. State Univ. Press.

Cross, N. (1994). EngineeringCross, N. (1994). EngineeringProduct Design. J. Wiley & S

McKim, R.H., Experiences in, , p

Tovey, M., Vehicle Stylists’ C

Stuart Macey H point TheStuart Macey, H point – The packaging.

ReadingAn Introduction to Modern

Reading, An Introduction to Modern Heinmann (ISBN 0-7506-5044-3)

Art of American Car DesignArt of American Car Design.

g Design Methods, Strategies forg Design Methods, Strategies for ons.

n Visual Thinking.g

Creative Thinking.

fundamentals of Car Design andfundamentals of Car Design and