✚✚

Body

Def

ense

: Muc

ous

Loca

tion:

lini

ng o

f res

pira

tory

syst

emPr

esen

ce: s

ome

muc

ous i

s alw

ays p

rese

nt, m

ore

is pr

oduc

ed

at sp

ecifi

c tim

esSp

ecifi

c/N

on-s

peci

fic: n

on-s

peci

fic, b

ut o

ften

cont

ains

an

tibod

ies

Gene

ral I

nfo:

mat

eria

l lin

es a

reas

that

are

exp

osed

to e

xter

nal

envi

ronm

ent a

nd o

rgan

s

Body Defense: Mucous

Location: lining of respiratory systemPresence: som

e mucous is alw

ays present, more is produced

at specific times

Specific/Non-specific: non-specific, but often contains

antibodiesGeneral Info: m

aterial lines areas that are exposed to external environm

ent and organs

✚✚

Body

Def

ense

: Sal

iva

Loca

tion:

lini

ng o

f mou

th a

nd e

soph

agus

Pres

ence

: som

e sa

liva

is al

way

s pre

sent

, mor

e is

prod

uced

at

spec

ific

times

Spec

ific/

Non

-spe

cific

: non

-spe

cific

, but

ofte

n co

ntai

ns

antib

odie

sGe

nera

l Inf

o: m

ater

ial l

ines

are

as th

at a

re e

xpos

ed to

ext

erna

l en

viro

nmen

t and

org

ans

Body Defense: SalivaLocation: lining of m

outh and esophagusPresence: som

e saliva is always present, m

ore is produced at specific tim

esSpecific/N

on-specific: non-specific, but often contains antibodiesGeneral Info: m

aterial lines areas that are exposed to external environm

ent and organs

✚✚

Body

Def

ense

: Def

ensi

nsLo

catio

n: in

tern

al (b

lood

stre

am)

Pres

ence

: alw

ays p

rese

ntSp

ecifi

c/N

on-s

peci

fic: n

on-s

peci

ficGe

nera

l Inf

o: d

efen

sins a

re p

rote

ins t

hat a

ctive

aga

inst

ba

cter

ia, f

ungi

and

bot

h en

velo

ped

and

non-

enve

lope

d vi

ruse

s, fo

und

in e

pith

elia

l cel

ls

Body Defense: DefensinsLocation: internal (bloodstream

)Presence: alw

ays presentSpecific/N

on-specific: non-specificGeneral Info: defensins are proteins that active against bacteria, fungi and both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, found in epithelial cells

✚Body

Def

ense

: Ski

nLo

catio

n: e

xter

nal

Pres

ence

: alw

ays p

rese

nt, c

ompr

omise

d w

hen

punc

ture

d or

inju

red

Spec

ific/

Non

-spe

cific

: non

-spe

cific

Gene

ral I

nfo:

larg

est o

rgan

in th

e bo

dy, p

art o

f the

in

tegu

men

tary

syst

em, p

rote

cts a

gain

st p

atho

gens

.

✚ Body Defense: SkinLocation: externalPresence: alw

ays present, comprom

ised when punctured or

injuredSpecific/N

on-specific: non-specificGeneral Info: largest organ in the body, part of the integum

entary system, protects against pathogens.

✚Body

Def

ense

: Tea

rsLo

catio

n: e

xter

nal

Pres

ence

: pro

duce

d at

spec

ific

times

Spec

ific/

Non

-spe

cific

: non

- spe

cific

.Ge

nera

l Inf

o: te

ar fl

uid

cont

ains

wat

er p

rote

ins,

lipi

ds,

enzy

mes

, im

mun

oglo

bulin

s tha

t aid

in im

mun

e de

fens

e

✚ Body Defense: TearsLocation: externalPresence: produced at specific tim

esSpecific/N

on-specific: non-General Info: tear fluid contains w

ater proteins, lipids, enzym

es, imm

unoglobulins that aid in imm

une defense

✚✚

Body

Def

ense

: Com

plem

ent

Loca

tion:

inte

rnal

(blo

odst

ream

)Pr

esen

ce: i

nnat

e (p

rese

nt a

ll th

e tim

e)Sp

ecifi

c/N

on-s

peci

fic: n

on-s

peci

ficGe

nera

l Inf

o: 2

5 Pr

otei

ns a

nd p

rote

in fr

agm

ents

mak

e up

th

e co

mpl

imen

t sys

tem

. Th

ey p

unch

hol

e in

the

mem

bran

es o

f bac

teria

l inv

ader

s.

Body Defense: Complem

entLocation: internal (bloodstream

)Presence: innate (present all the tim

e)Specific/N

on-specific: non-specificGeneral Info: 25 Proteins and protein fragm

ents make up

the complim

ent system. They punch hole in the

mem

branes of bacterial invaders.

✚✚

Body

Def

ense

: Mac

roph

ages

Loca

tion:

Circ

ulat

ory

Syst

emPr

esen

ce: i

nnat

e (p

rese

nt a

ll th

e tim

e)Sp

ecifi

c/N

on-s

peci

fic: n

on-s

peci

fic

Gene

ral I

nfo:

pro

tect

the

body

by

inge

sting

fore

ign

parti

cles

, de

ad c

ells,

mos

t bac

teria

and

viru

ses

Body Defense: Macrophages

Location: Circulatory SystemPresence: innate (present all the tim

e)Specific/N

on-specific: non-specific General Info: protect the body by ingesting foreign particles, dead cells, m

ost bacteria and viruses

✚✚

Body

Def

ense

: B-c

ells

(a ty

pe o

f whi

te b

lood

cel

l)Lo

catio

n: in

tern

al (b

lood

stre

am)

Pres

ence

: pre

sent

all

the

time

after

you

hav

e be

en e

xpos

ed

to th

e pa

thog

enSp

ecifi

c/N

on-s

peci

fic: s

peci

ficGe

nera

l Inf

o: B

cel

ls m

ake

antib

odie

s pro

vide

and

mem

ory

agai

nst p

ast i

nfec

tions

. Ve

ry e

ffecti

ve a

gain

st b

acte

ria a

nd

viru

ses t

hat p

hago

cyte

s can

’t de

al w

ith.

Body Defense: B-cells (a type of white blood cell)

Location: internal (bloodstream)

Presence: present all the time after you have been exposed

to the pathogenSpecific/N

on-specific: specificGeneral Info: B cells m

ake antibodies provide and mem

ory against past infections. Very effective against bacteria and viruses that phagocytes can’t deal w

ith.

✚Body

Def

ense

: Int

estin

al E

pith

elia

l Tiss

ueLo

catio

n: d

iges

tive

Syst

emPr

esen

ce: a

lway

s pre

sent

Spec

ific/

Non

-spe

cific

: no

n-sp

ecifi

cGe

nera

l Inf

o: th

is ty

pe o

f tiss

ue li

nes t

he in

testi

nes,

pro

vide

s ba

rrie

r and

reco

gnize

s pat

hoge

ns

✚ Body Defense: Intestinal Epithelial TissueLocation: digestive SystemPresence: alw

ays presentSpecific/N

on-specific: non-specificGeneral Info: this type of tissue lines the intestines, provides barrier and recognizes pathogens

✚✚

Body

Def

ense

: Mac

roph

age

(A ty

pe o

f whi

te b

lood

cell)

Loca

tion:

blo

odst

ream

Pres

ence

: alw

ays p

rese

ntSp

ecifi

c/N

on-s

peci

fic: n

on-s

peci

ficGe

nera

l Inf

o: ri

d th

e bo

dy o

f wor

n-ou

t cel

ls, p

rodu

ce

prot

eins

and

enz

ymes

and

dig

ests

pat

hoge

ns

Body Defense: Macrophage (A type of w

hite blood cell)Location: bloodstreamPresence: alw

ays presentSpecific/N

on-specific: non-specificGeneral Info: rid the body of w

orn-out cells, produce proteins and enzym

es and digests pathogens

✚✚

Body

Def

ense

: T-c

ells

(a ty

pe o

f whi

te b

lood

cel

ls)Lo

catio

n: in

tern

al (b

lood

stre

am)

Pres

ence

: pre

sent

all

the

time

after

you

hav

e be

en e

xpos

ed to

th

e pa

thog

enSp

ecifi

c/N

on-s

peci

fic: s

peci

ficGe

nera

l Inf

o: th

ere

are

man

y ty

pes o

f T-c

ells.

Som

e he

lp B

ce

lls m

ake

antib

odie

s, so

me

prov

ide

mem

ory

agai

nst p

ast

infe

ction

s. V

ery

effec

tive

agai

nst v

iruse

s, a

lso h

elp

agai

nst

fung

i and

bac

teria

.

Body Defense: T-cells (white blood cells)

Location: internal (bloodstream)

Presence: present all the time after you have been exposed to

the pathogenSpecific/N

on-specific: specificGeneral Info: there are m

any types of T-cells. Some help B

cells make antibodies, som

e provide mem

ory against past infections. Very effective against viruses, also help against fungi and bacteria.

✚✚

Body

Def

ense

: Sto

mac

h ac

idLo

catio

n: in

tern

al (s

tom

ach)

Pres

ence

: alw

ays p

rese

ntSp

ecifi

c/N

on-s

peci

fic: n

on-s

peci

ficGe

nera

l Inf

o: se

cret

ed b

y th

e st

omac

h, c

onta

ins h

ydro

chlo

ric

acid

and

enz

ymes

use

d to

bre

ak d

own

prot

eins

, kill

s mic

robe

s in

food

Body Defense: stomach acid

Location: internal (stomach)

Presence: always present

Specific/Non-specific: non-specific

General Info: secreted by the stomach, contains hydrochloric

acid and enzymes used to break dow

n proteins, kills microbes

in food

✚✚

Body

Def

ense

: Com

petin

g flo

raLo

catio

n: o

n al

l non

ster

ile p

arts

of t

he b

ody

Pres

ence

: all

the

time

Spec

ific/

Non

-spe

cific

: non

spec

ific

Gene

ral I

nfo:

The

se c

omm

ensa

l bac

teria

l act

as a

noth

er

barr

ier t

o pa

thog

enic

mic

robe

s.

Body Defense: Competing flora

Location: on all non sterile parts of the bodyPresence: all the tim

eSpecific/N

on-specific: non specificGeneral Info: These com

mensal bacterial act as another

barrier to pathogenic microbes.

✚✚

Body

Def

ense

: Anti

bioti

cs

Loca

tion:

effe

ctive

any

whe

re in

the

body

Spec

ific/

Non

spec

ific:

non

spec

ific

Gene

ral I

nfo:

An

antib

iotic

is a

subs

tanc

e th

at k

ills o

r slo

ws

dow

n th

e gr

owth

of b

acte

ria.

War

Gam

e Pl

ay: T

his c

ard

may

onl

y be

pla

yed

once

. If

this

card

is p

laye

d ag

ains

t an

appr

opria

te p

atho

gen,

the

imm

une

syst

em w

ins,

unl

ess t

he d

iseas

e te

am c

an w

in tw

o co

nsec

utive

co

in to

sses

.

Body Defense: Antibiotics Location: effective anyw

here in the bodySpecific/N

onspecific: non specificGeneral Info: An antibiotic is a substance that kills or slow

s dow

n the growth of bacteria.

War Gam

e Play: This card may only be played once. If this

card is played against an appropriate pathogen, the imm

une system

wins, unless the disease team

can win tw

o consecutive coin tosses.