Bmjv‡gi A ©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v

Bmjv‡gi A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v

ZvwKDwÏb Avb bvenvwb

m~PxcÎ

f~wgKv

Aa¨vq 1: A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi cwiwPwZ

cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v

cÖ‡qvRb I Zv c~i‡Yi Dcvqmg~n wgwkÖZKiY

A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v ebvg A_©‰bwZK weÁvb

gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb †KejB e ‘MZ

cY¨ I †mevmg~n mgv‡Ri KvVv‡gvi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ bq

mgvRZvwš¿K A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v

Aa¨vq 2: A_©bxwZ

A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi wfwË

A_©bxwZi cÖwZ Bmjv‡gi „wóf½x

Bmjv‡g A_©‰bwZK bxwZ

mvaviY A_©‰bwZK g~jbxwZ

Aa¨vq 3: gvwjKvbvi cÖKvi‡f` (e¨w³ gvwjKvbv)

e¨w³ gvwjKvbvi msÁv

gvwjKvbvi A_©

m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv jv‡fi cš’v

Aa¨vq 4: gvwjKvbv jv‡fi cÖ_g Dcvq: KvR (ÕAvgvj)

wbõjv Rwg‡Z Pvlvev` (Bn&Bqv Dj-gvIqvZ)

f~M‡f© hv Av‡Q Zv AvniY

wkKvi

`vjvwj Ges Kwgkb G‡RÝx (mvgmviv Ges `vjvjv)

gy`vivev

eM©vPvl (gymvKvZ)

GKRb Kg©Pvix ev kªwgK‡K wb‡qvM cÖ`vb

f~wgKv

Bmjv‡gi A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v wel‡q G eBwU GKwU AZyjbxq, gnvg~jëvb BmjvwgK eyw×e„wËK Hk¦h©| wesk kZvãx‡Z GUvB cÖ_g eB †hLv‡b

my¯úó I mywbw`©ófv‡e mgKvjxb BmjvwgK A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi ev¯ÍeZv‡K cwic~Y©iƒ‡c Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

eBwU‡Z e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q A_©bxwZ m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi `„wófw½ Ges Gi D‡Ïk¨, wKfv‡e m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv AR©b I Zv e„w× Kiv hvq, wKfv‡e Zv

e¨q I n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hvq, wKfv‡e bvMwiK‡ì g‡a¨ m¤ú` e›Ub Ges mgv‡R m¤ú‡ì fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLv hvq|

evBZzj gv‡ji c Övc¨ m¤úwË Ges †h Lv‡Z Zv e¨q Kiv n‡e †m¸‡jvmn m¤ú‡ì cÖKvi‡f` (e¨w³MZ, MYgvwjKvbvaxb Ges ivó ªxq m¤úwË)

eBwU‡Z e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|

eBwU f~wg m¤úwK©Z wbqgbxwZ e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q - †nvK Zv Dkix ev Lvivhx| Rwgi Dci Dki (GK `kgvsk nv‡i Ki) bvwK f~wg LvRbv (Lvivh)

cÖ‡hvR¨ Ges wKfv‡e Rwg Pvlvev`, eënvi I e›Ub n‡e I Kx cÖwµqvq GKRb †_‡K Av†iKR‡bi Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍwiZ n‡e ZvI GwU e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q|

eBwU‡Z Av‡iv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q wewfbœ cÖKvi gy` Öv (byKy`) m¤ú‡K©; wiev (my`) I wewbg‡qi mgq gy` Övi †ÿ‡Î wK N‡U Ges gy`Övi Dci hvKvZ

cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wK evaëvaKZv ZvI Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cwi‡k‡l eBwU‡Z ê‡`wkK evwYR¨ I Gi wbqgbxwZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G eB‡q M„wnZ me ûKz‡gi GKgvÎ Drm n‡”Q gnvb Avjøvn&

myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjvÕi wKZve Ges Zuvi ivm~j (m:) Gi mybœvn& Ges G¸‡jv †_‡K c Övß wb‡ ©kbv, †hgb wKqvm Ges BRgv-Avm-mvnvev| Ab¨

†Kvb Drm †_‡K G ûKzgmg~n MÖnY Kiv nqwb|

G eBwU mgvRZvwš¿K I cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi ev ÍeZvi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Q| GQvov eBwU mgvRZvwš¿K A_©‰bwZK

eë¯’vi fzjmg~‡ni hyw³LÛbmn Zv‡ì ÎæwUmg~n Ges BmjvwgK A_©bxwZi mv‡_ G¸‡jvi mvsNwl©K w`K¸‡jv e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q|

G eBwUi bZzb ms¯‹iY Qvcv‡bvi c~‡e© mvgvb¨ ms‡kvabxmn cyb:wbix¶Y Kiv n‡qwQj| nv`xm D‡jøL Kievi c~‡e©†m¸‡jv nv`xm M Öš’mg~‡ni

eY©bvKvix Øviv cÖgvwYZ wKbv Zv cyb:wbix¶‡Yi †ÿ‡Î LyeB mZK© `„wó ‡`qv n‡qwQj|

BmjvwgK A_©bxwZ wel‡q gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv ˆZix Ki‡Z GB eBwU wekvj f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| Avgiv Avjøvn & myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjvÕi Kv‡Q

cÖv_©bv Kwi, wZwb myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv †hb Zuvi ingZ bvwRj K‡ib Ges gymwjg‡ì‡K Gme ûKzg AvnKvg Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjvÕi

bvwhjK…Z weavb Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ ivóª eë¯’vi gva¨‡g ev Íevqb Kivi mvg_¨© cÖ`vb K‡ib|

14 iweDm mvwb 1425 wnRix

2/6/2004

Aa¨vq 1: A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi cwiwPwZ

m`¨RvZ †h †Kvb RvwZ cÖvY jvf Kivi ci Zvi RxeÏkvq cÖvß m‡ev©Ëg Hk¦h© n‡”Q wPšÍv; G¸‡jv †Kvb cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ Zvi c~e©eZx© c ÖRb¥ †_‡K

jvf Kiv m‡e©vËg Dcnvi| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î kZ© nj RvwZi g‡a¨ Av‡jvwKZ wPšÍv Mfxifv‡e †cÖvw_Z _vK‡Z n‡e|

e¯‘MZ m¤ú`, wkí I êÁvwbK Avwe¯‹vi Ges G RvZxq Ab¨vb¨ welq wPšÍvi †P‡q A‡bK Kg ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ev ÍeZv n‡”Q, Gme e¯‘MZ welqvw`

AR©b Ges G¸‡jvi msi¶YI wbf©i K‡i wPšÍvi Dci|

e¯‘MZ m¤ú` aŸsmc Övß n‡j Zv ` ÖæZ cybiæ×vi Kiv m¤¢e hw` RvwZ eyw×e„wËK m¤ú` msiÿY K‡i| Z‡e hw` eyw×e„wËK m¤ú` aŸsmcÖvß nq Ges

RvwZ ïaygvÎ e¯‘MZ m¤ú` Øviv mg „× nq, Z‡e Zv Lye `ÖyZ msKzwPZ n‡q ‡m RvwZ‡K `wi` ÖZvq wbcwZZ K‡i| GKwU RvwZ Zvi AwaKvsk

êÁvwbK AR©b cybiæ×vi Ki‡Z cv‡i hw` RvwZwU Zvi wPšÍvi cÖwµqv bv nvivq| Avi hw` †m djcÖm~ wPšÍvi c_ nvwi‡q †d‡j, Z‡e †m Lye `Ö yZ

cðvZgyLx n‡q hv‡e Ges Zvi me Avwe®‹vi I D™¢veb nvwi‡q †dj‡e| ZvB cÖ_‡gB wPšÍvi hZœ †bIqv AZ¨vek¨K| GB wPšÍvi Dci wfwË K‡i

djcÖm~ wPšÍvi c×wZ Øviv e¯‘MZ m¤ú` AR©b Kiv hvq Ges †mB mv‡_ AR©b Kiv hvq êÁvwbK Avwe®‹vi, wk‡íi Rb¨ D™¢veb Ges Av‡iv A‡bK

wKQz|

GB wPšÍv ej‡Z eySvq RvwZi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb Rxeb m¤úwK©Z wel‡q wPšÍvi GKwU c Öwµqv| RvwZ hLb †Kvb NUbvi gy‡LvgywL nq ZLb †ekxifvM

Rb‡Mvôx †m NUbv‡K wePvi Ki‡Z Zv‡ì Kv‡Q we`¨gvb Z_¨¸‡jv eënvi Ki‡e GB wPšÍvi cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g| Gi A_© GB †h, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q wPšÍv

Av‡Q hv Zviv Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î eënvi K‡i Ges evievi GB wPšÍv mdjfv‡e eënvi Kivi d‡j GKwU djcÖm~ wPšÍvi cÖwµqv ‰Zix nq|

AvR BmjvwgK D¤§vn& Ggb GK mgq AwZµg Ki‡Q hLb AZx‡Zi djcÖm~ wPšÍvi c×wZ `ye©j n‡q c‡i‡Q, GgbwK Zv nvwi‡q †h‡Z e‡mwQj|

Z‡e mKj cÖksmv Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjvÕi, wLjvdZ cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g Bmjvwg Rxeb aviv cyb:cÖwZôvi `vIqv‡Zi cÖmviZvi d‡j weMZ

eQiMy‡jv‡Z GB ev ÍeZvi A‡bK cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| GUv AvR my¯có †h gymwjgiv Bmjv‡gi w`‡K gyL wdwi‡q‡Q, Ges Bmjv‡gi avibv, mgvavb

I ûKy‡gi Dci Av ’v ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| hwÌ GUv cwi®‹vi †h gymwjg f~L‡Û cÖPvwiZ mgvRZvwš¿K I cyw uRev`x avibvmg~‡ni AmviZv I Gi

åvwšÍmg~n RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q D‡¤§vwPZ n‡q †M‡Q, gymwjg RvwZ GLbI Kydi ivóª I Zv‡ì `vjvj‡ì AvwacZ¨ †g‡b wb‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q| GB Kydi

ivóª I Zv‡ì `vjvjiv gymwjg f~L‡Û RNb¨ wg_¨v I cÖZviYvg~jK cÖPvibvi c×wZ I aib eënvi K‡i Zv‡ì e Ív cPv avibv my›ìfv‡e mvwR‡q

RbM‡Yi gv‡S Qwo‡q w`‡Z, we‡kl K‡i †mme avibv hv A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi mv‡_ m¤cwK©Z|

d‡j BmjvwgK `vIqvZ enbKvix‡ì cÖ_‡g Aek¨B †h wfwËi Dci cuywRev`x mgvavb¸‡jv cÖwZwôZ Zv cÖKvk K‡i w`‡Z n‡e, G¸‡jvi AmviZv

Zz‡j a‡i eyw×e„wËKfv‡e mgvavb¸‡jvi webvk mvab Ki‡Z n‡e| `vIqvZ enbKvix‡ì Rxe‡bi bZzb Bmy¨mg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges

G¸‡jvi mgvavb Zz‡j a‡i †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, Hkx ûKzg weavq Zv gvb‡Z n‡e| KviY G ûKzgmg~n KyiÕAvb I mybœvn ev G yÕwU Drm †h

w`Kwb‡ ©kbv †`q, Zv †_‡K msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q| mg‡qi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© wKbv - KLbB G `„wófw½ we‡eP¨ bq| Zvi gv‡b BmjvwgK mgvavb‡K

AvKx`vi wfwË‡Z MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges KLbB Zv †_‡K cÖvß jv‡fi Dci wfwË K‡i MÖnY Kiv hv‡e bv| myZivs cÖ‡Z¨KwU ûKz‡gi mv‡_ †hme

Hkx `wjj †_‡K †m¸‡jv‡K AvniY Kiv n‡q‡Q A_ev Hkx ûKzg ev evYx †h Hkx KviY ev Bjøvn& wb‡q G‡m‡Q Zv Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

kvmb eë¯’v I A_©bxwZi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wPšÍvmg~n gymwjg‡ì‡K me‡P‡q †ekx gy» K‡i Ges G¸‡jvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì‡K Rxe‡b me‡P‡q †ekx

hš¿Yvi †fZi w`‡q †h‡Z n‡q‡Q| gymwjgiv mvaviYZ G wPšÍv¸‡jv‡K cÖksmv K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K cwðgviv ev Í‡e GB wPšÍv¸‡jv cÖ‡qvM Kivi †Póv

K‡i, GgbwK Zviv ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î h‡_ó Aaëmvqx| hwÌ D¤§vn& D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e Kv‡di Dcwb‡ekev`x‡ì Øviv ZvwË¡Kfv‡e MYZvwš¿K

c×wZ‡Z cwiPvwjZ, cwðgv eë¯’v I Dcwb‡ekev` eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ D¤§vn& ev Í‡e A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡bi me©‡ÿ‡Î cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v Øviv

cwiPvwjZ| myZivs BmjvwgK A_©‰bwZK wPšÍv ¯¦vfvweKfv‡eB BmjvwgK we‡k¦i gymwjg‡ì A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡b e¨vcK cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡e| GB

cÖfve GZUvB †ekx n‡e †h D¤§vn& Pjgvb eë¯’v D‡ë w`‡Z DØy× n‡e| Avi Kv‡di Dcwb‡ekev`x, cwðgv‡ì ¸Ygy» †jvKRb - we‡kl K‡i

hviv AÜKv‡i _vK‡Z cQ›` K‡i, hviv civwRZ gvbwmKZv m¤úbœ I kvmK‡Mvôx GB BmjvwgK A_©‰bwZK wPšÍvi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv Ki‡e|

myZivs cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi GKwU mwVK wPÎ Zz‡j aiv Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o‡Q, †h wPÎ myweb¨¯Í AvKv‡i cwðgv ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ †h

†gŠwjK wPšÍvi Dci cÖwZwôZ Zv cÖKvk Ki‡e| GUv GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z K‡i cwðgv A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v Øviv gy» †jv‡Kiv G eë¯’vi ÎæwUmg~n I

Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ Gi mvsNwl©K w`Kmg~n Dcjw× Ki‡Z cv‡i| AZ:ci Zviv A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡bi mgm¨v mwVKfv‡e mgvavbKvix BmjvwgK

A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi wPšÍvmg~n cixÿv K‡i †`L‡Z cvi‡e Ges Zv‡ì Kv‡Q GwU mvaviY g~j bxwZ I we¯ÍvwiZ - Dfq Avw½‡K cuywRev`x Rxeb †_‡K

m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v wn‡m‡e Dc ’vwcZ n‡e|

cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v

Avgiv hw` cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v cixÿv K‡i †`wL, Zvn‡j†`L‡Z cve †h Gi „wófw½ nj GwU gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb (needs) GesGme

cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi DcKiY wb‡q KvR K‡i| cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK aeë¯’v gvby‡li †KejgvÎ e ‘MZ w`KwU wb‡qB Av‡jvPbv K‡i GesGwU wZbwU g~j

bxwZi Dci cÖwZwôZ:

cÖ‡qvR‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó cY¨ I †mevi Av‡cwÿK Afve (relative scarcity) i‡q‡Q| Gi A_© nj gvby‡li µgea©gvb cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi

Rb¨ cY¨ I †mevi Ach©vßZv| Zv‡ì „wó‡Z GUvB nj mgv‡Ri A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v|

AwaKvsk A_©‰bwZK M‡elYv I Aa¨q‡bi wfwË nj Drcvw`Z c‡Yï g~j¨ (value)|

Drcv`b, †fvM I e›U‡b `v‡gi (price) f~wgKv| `vg nj cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi GKwU †gŠwjK welq|

cY¨ I †mevi Av‡cwÿK Afv‡ei †ÿ‡Î ejv hvq, cY¨ I †mev gvby‡li Afve c~i‡Yi DcKiY nIqvq G Ae¯’vi m„wó nq| Zviv e‡j gvby‡li

cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q hv c~iY Ki‡Z nq Ges G cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi DcKiY _vK‡ZB n‡e| G cÖ‡qvRbmg~n cy‡ivcywiB e¯‘MZ (materialistic)| G¸‡jv

nq `„k¨gvb (tangible), †hgb: Lv`¨ I e‡¯¿i cÖ‡qvRb, A_ev Ggb me cÖ‡qvRb hv gvbyl Abyfe K‡i Ges G¸‡jv A`„k¨gvb (intangible)

A_©vr †mevi cÖ‡qvRb, †hgb: Wv³vi ev wkÿ‡Ki †mev| ˆbwZK cÖ‡qvRb, †hgb: †MŠie I m¤§vb A_ev Ava¨vwZ¥K cÖ‡qvRb, †hgb: mªóvi

Dcvmbv Kiv, G¸‡jv A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ¯^xK…Z bq| GKvi‡Y G¸‡jv cwiZ¨vM Kiv nq, d‡j A_©‰bwZK Av‡jvPbvq G¸‡jvi †Kvb ’vb †bB|

cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi DcKiYmg~n‡K cY¨ I †mev ejv nq| cY¨ nj „k¨gvb cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi DcKiY Ges †mev nj A „k¨gvb cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi

DcKiY| Zv‡ì „wó‡Z hv cY¨ I †mev‡K cÖ‡qvRb c~iYKi‡Z †`q, Zv nj cY¨ I †mevi g‡a¨ _vKv my‡hvM-myweav evDc‡hvM| GB Dc‡hvM

Ggb GKwU êwkó¨ hv cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Rb¨ AvKvw•LZ e¯‘ †_‡K cvIqv hvq| †h‡nZz cÖ‡qvRb nj A_©‰bwZK AvKv•Lv, †m‡nZz AvKvw•LZ

cÖwZwU e¯‘B A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcKvix Ñ†nvK Zv Acwinvh© ev Zv bq, wKsev wKQz msL¨K †jvK GwU‡K DcKvix g‡b KiæK Ges Ab¨ wKQz msL¨K

GwU‡K ÿwZKi g‡b KiæK| GwU ZZÿY ch©šÍ A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcKvix hZÿY ch©šÍ †KD G‡K AvKvw•LZ g‡b K‡i| †h‡Kvb e ‘‡K

A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfRbK wKbv ïaygvÎ †m …wó‡Z we‡ePbv Kiv nq, hwÌ ev RbgZ GwU‡K AjvfRbK ev ÿwZKviK g‡b K‡i| †mKvi‡Y g` I

nvwkk A_©bxwZwe`‡ì Kv‡Q jvfRbK, †Kbbv wKQz †jvK G¸‡jv Pvq|

Ab¨ †Kvb ev ÍeZv we‡ePbvq bv G‡b †KejgvÎ cÖ‡qvRb c~iY K‡i ÑG „wófw½ †_‡K A_©bxwZwe` cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi DcKi‡Yi w`‡K „wówbe×

K‡i A_©vr cY¨ I †mevi w`‡K jÿ¨ K‡i| myZivs †m cÖ‡qvRbI Dc‡hvM G yÕwU †hiƒc we`¨gvb wVK †mfv‡eB †`‡L, wKš‘ G¸‡jv wKiKg nIqv

DwPZ †mw`‡K „wócvZ K‡ibv A_©vr †m Ab¨ †KvbwKQz‡K we‡ePbvq bv G‡b Dc‡hvM‡K cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi wbqvgK wn‡m‡e †`‡L| myZivs wKQz

†jv‡Ki Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Kvi‡Y †m g`‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e g~jëvb wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i Ges A_©‰bwZK g~j¨we‡ePbv K‡i g` cÖ ‘ZKvix‡K

GKRb †mevcÖ`vbKvix wn‡m‡e g‡bK‡i| KviY GwU wKQz e¨w³i Afve c~iY K‡i|

GwUB nj cuywRev‡` cÖ‡qvRb I Zv c~i‡Yi DcKi‡Yi cÖK…wZ| †mKvi‡Y A_©bxwZwe` mgv‡Ri cÖK…wZi †Zvqv°v K‡i bv, wKš‘ Zviv A_©‰bwZK

e¯‘MZ m¤ú` ev A_©‰bwZK c‡Yï e¨vcv‡i hZœkxj KviYG¸‡jv cÖ‡qvRb c~iY K‡i| myZivs Zv‡ì gZvbymv‡i Ab¨ †Kvb wKQz we‡ePbvq bv G‡b

gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi DcKiY †hvMv‡bi Rb¨cY¨ I †mev mieivn wbwðZ Kiv ìKvi| A_©vr, cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi DcKiY mieivn Kiv

ìKvi| cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi DcKiY wn‡m‡e cYÏ †mev †h‡nZz mxwgZ †m‡nZz G¸‡jv gvby‡li me cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Rb¨ ch©vß bq| KviY Zv‡ì

`„wó‡Z GB cÖ‡qvRbmg~n Amxg Ges µgvMZ e„w× cv‡”Q| GwU GKvi‡Y †h, gvby‡li i‡q‡Q Ggb wKQ †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb hv Zv‡K c~iY Ki‡ZB nq

Ges Ggb wKQz cÖ‡qvRbi‡q‡Q hv bMivq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ e„w× cvq| G Pvwn`vmg~n ¸wbZKnv‡i evo‡ZB _v‡K Ges G¸‡jv cy‡ivcywi c~iY Kiv

ìKvi| hwÌ cY¨ I †mev hZB e„w× cvK bv †Kb, G¸‡jv KLbB c~iY nevi bq| G wfwË †_‡K A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi m~ÎcvZ nq, hv nj

cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ †evSv Ges G¸‡jv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ DcKi‡Yi AcÖZzjZv A_©vr gvby‡li me Afve c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cY¨ I †mevi AcÖZyjZv|

G `„wófw½ †_‡K mgvR GKwU A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq Ges Zvnj cY¨ I †mevi Av‡cwÿK y®úÖvc¨Zv| G `y®úÖvc¨Zvi Acwinvh© djnj

wKQz cÖ‡qvRb AvswkKfv‡e c~iY nq Ges wKQz KLbB c~iY nq bv| †h‡nZz GUvB nj Ae¯’v †m‡nZz GwU Acwinvh© †h mgv‡Ri m`m¨MYGgb

AvB‡bi e¨vcv‡i GKgZ n‡eb Ñ hv wba©viY Ki‡e †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jv c~iY nIqv DwPZ Ges †Kvb¸‡jv bq| Ab¨K_vq Ggb AvBb cÖYqb Kiv

Riæix hv Amxg Afve c~iY Kivi Rb¨ mxwgZ m¤ú` e›U‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡e| myZivs Zv‡ì „wófw½ gvby‡li †P‡q cÖ‡qvRb I m¤ú`‡K †ekx

¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| A_©vr mgm¨v nj cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Rb¨ m¤ú`‡K myjf Ki‡Z n‡e, wKš‘ †mUv cÖ‡Z¨Ke¨w³i Rb¨ bq| myZivs GwU Acwinvh©

†h †hme AvBb cÖYqb Kiv n‡e †m¸‡jv‡K Aek¨B m‡e©v”P cwigvY Drcv`‡bi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i m¤ú‡ì m‡e©v”P mieivn

AR©b Kiv m¤¢ecinq| A_©vr mvgwMÖZKfv‡e RvwZi Kv‡Q cY¨ I †mev mieivn Kiv hvq,Aek¨B cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i Kv‡Q bq| myZivs cY¨ I †mevi

e›Ub Drcv`‡bi mgm¨vi mv‡_ A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ Ges A_©bxwZ Aa¨qb I M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ nj mgv‡Ri †fv‡Mi Rb¨ cY¨ I †mev e„w× Kiv|

myZivs GwU AevK nIqvi welq bq †h †hme wbqvgK RvZxq Av‡qi (GDP and GNP) AvKvi‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i †m¸‡jvi Aa¨qb ev` evKx me

wKQzi Dci cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i| KviY RvZxq Avq e„w×i Aa¨qb A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v A_©vr cÖ‡qvR‡bi wecix‡Z cY¨ I †mevi y®úÖvc¨Zvi mgm¨vi

mgvavb Kivi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| KviY Zviv g‡b K‡i Drcv`b e„w× Kiv Qvov `wi`ªZv I eÂbv wbimb Kiv m¤¢e bq| myZivs mgvR

†hme A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q †m¸‡jvi mgvavb †KejgvÎ Drcv`b e„w×i gva¨‡gB Kiv m¤¢e|

Drcvw`Z c‡Yï g~j¨ (value) ej‡Z Gi ¸iæ‡Z¡i gvÎv‡K eySvq; †hLv‡b †Kvb GK we‡kl e¨w³i ev †Kvb GK we‡kl e¯‘i mv‡c‡¶ †mgvÎv

wba©vwiZ nq| cÖg †ÿ‡Î GUv‡K ÔDc‡hv‡Mi g~j¨Õ (the value of the benefit) ejv nq Ges wØZxq †ÿ‡Î GwU‡K Ôwewbg‡qi g~j¨Õ (value of exchange) ejv nq| GKwU e¯‘ †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hvM‡K †hfv‡e eY©bv Kiv hvq Zvi Pz¤^Kvsk nj: GKwU e¯‘i †h †Kvb GK‡KiDc‡hv‡Mi g~j¨ Gi

cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Øviv cwigvc Kiv nq A_©vr me©wb¤œe cÖ‡qvRb †h cwigvY e¯‘ Øviv c~iY Kiv hvq †m cwigvY e¯‘i Dc‡hvM| Zviv GwU‡K ÔcÖvwšÍK

Dc‡hvM ZË¡Õ ev ‘The Theory of Marginal Utility’ e‡j| Gi A_© nj Dc‡hvM †KejgvÎ Gi Drcv`‡Ki „wófw½ †_‡K cwigvc Kiv nq bv

A_©vr Drcv`b LiP Øviv g~j¨vwqZ nq bv, Zvn‡j †m‡ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v we‡ePbv bv K‡i †Kej †hvMvbB we‡ePbv Kiv nZ| Avevi GwU‡K †KejgvÎ

†fv³vi `„wófw½ †_‡K we‡ePbv Kiv wVK n‡e bv A_©vr Gi Dc‡hvM Ges Pvwn`v we‡ePbv Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi Av‡cwÿK y®úÖvc¨Zv we‡ePbv

Ki‡Zn‡e| †Kbbv G‡Z K‡i †hvMv‡bi welqwU wn‡m‡e bv G‡b Pvwn`v we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e| ev ÍweKfv‡e Zviv e‡j †h, †hvMvb I Pvwn`vi wfwË‡Z

GK‡Î Dc‡hvM‡K †`Lv DwPZ| myZivs me©wb¤œ †h Dc‡hvM cÖ‡qvRb c~iY K‡i Zvi wfwË‡Z GKwU e¯‘i Dc‡hvM cwigvc Kiv nq A_©vr mš‘wói

me©wb¤œe we›`y †_‡K| myZivs GK UzK‡iv iæwUi g~j¨ me‡P‡q Kg ÿzavZ© _vKv Ae¯’vq cwigvc Kiv n‡e, me©vwaK ÿzavZ© Ae¯’vq bq Ges †mmgq

evRv‡i iæwU myjf _vK‡Z n‡e Ges hLb myjf bq Ggb Ae¯’vq cwigvc Kiv hv‡e bv|

wewbg‡qi g~‡jï †ÿ‡Î ejv hvq, GwU nj GKwU e¯‘i Ggb êwkó¨ hv _vKvi Kvi‡Y †mwU wewbg‡qi Dc‡hvMx nq| GKwU e¯‘i wewbg‡qi

kw³gËv Av‡cwÿKfv‡e Ab¨ GKwU e¯‘i mv‡_ Zyjbv K‡i wbiƒcY Kiv nq; †hgb: f~Ævi mv‡_ M‡gi wewbgq g~j¨ wn‡me Ki‡Z n‡j †`L‡Zn‡e

GK GKK Mg cvevi Rb¨ KZ GKK f~Æv wewbgq Ki‡Z nq| Zviv †KejgvÎ ÔDc‡hvMÕ kã Øviv Dc‡hv‡Mi g~j¨ Ges †KejgvÎ Ôg~j¨Õ kã Øviv

wewbg‡qi g~j¨ eywS‡q _v‡K|

g~‡jï w`K †_‡K mvgÄm¨c~Y© `yÕwU cY¨ I †mevi g‡a¨ wewbgq msNwUZ nq| †m Kvi‡Y A_©bxwZwe`‡ì Rb¨ g~j¨ Aa¨qb Kiv Acwinvh©| †Kbbv

GwU nj wewbg‡qi wfwË Ges Ggb GKwU Dc‡hvM hv cwigvc Kiv hvq| GwU Ggb GKwU gvb`Û hvi gva¨‡g cY¨ I †mev cwigvc Kiv nq Ges

Gi gva¨‡g †Kvb KvR Drcv`bgyLx wKbv Zv cwigvc Kiv nq|

Zv‡ì „wó‡Z Drcv`b nj Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Dc‡hvM m„wó ev e„w× Kiv| myZivs †Kvb KvRwU Drcv`bkxj Ges †KvbwUi A‡bK †ekxDrcv`bkxjZv

i‡q‡Q Zv wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ wewfboe Drcvw`Z cY¨ I†mevi Rb¨ GKwU m~² gvb`Û _vKv DwPZ| G gvb`Û nj wewea cYÏ †mevi wel‡q

mvgvwRK g~j¨| Ab¨ K_vq GwU nj e¨qK…Z kÖg I cÖ`Ë †mevi †hŠ_ g~j¨vqb| AvaywbK mg‡q Ô†fvM Kivi Rb¨ Drcv`bÕØviv Ôwewbg‡qi Rb¨

Drcv`bÕ cÖwZ ’vwcZ nIqvq G g~j¨vqb Acwinvh©n‡q c‡o‡Q| Ae¯’v GLb Ggb n‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q †h, Kvh©Z cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³Zvi Drcv`b‡K Ab¨

Av‡iKR‡bi Drcvw`Z c‡Yï mv‡_ wewbgq K‡i _v‡K| cY¨ I †mevi ÿwZc~i‡Yi (compensation) gva¨‡g wewbgqm¤úvw`Z nq| †mKvi‡Y

c‡Yïg~‡jï †ÿ‡Î GKwU gvb`Û _vKv DwPZ hv‡Z K‡i wewbgq Kiv hvq| myZivs Drcv`b I †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î Ôg~j¨ KxÕ Ñ †m e¨vcv‡i Ávb _vKv

Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o‡Q A_©vr DcKiYmg~n eënvi K‡i gvby‡li Afve c~iY Kivi †ÿ‡Î AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcv`vb|

AvaywbK BwZnv‡m, G wewbg‡qi g~j¨‡K Gi GKwU g~j¨ Øviv wPwýZKiv nq Ges G ai‡bi g~j¨ cÖwYavb‡hvM¨ n‡q c‡o‡Q| DbœZ m¤úª`v‡q

cY¨mg~‡ni g~j¨ GKwU Av‡iKwUi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ bq, eisGKwU we‡kl c‡Yï mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ Ñ hv‡K A_© (money) ejv nq| A‡_©i mv‡_

†Kvb cY¨ ev †mevi wewbg‡qi AbycvZ‡K Zv‡ì `vg(price) ejv nq| myZivs `vg nj A‡_©i Zzjbvq GKwU cY¨ ev †meviwewbg‡qi cwigvY|

AZGe wewbg‡qi g~j¨ (value of exchange) I`v‡gi (price) g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ nj wewbg‡qi g~j¨ nj GKwU e¯‘i mv‡_Aci wKQzi wewbg‡qi nvi

Ñ n‡Z cv‡i †mwU A_©, cY¨ ev †mev|Ab¨w`‡K `vg nj A‡_©i mv‡_ wewbgq g~j¨| Gi A_© nj me c‡Yï`vg GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q GKmv‡_ evo‡Z

cv‡i Ges Aci GKwU wbw`©ómg‡q GKmv‡_ nªvm †c‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K G‡K Ac‡ii ZzjbvqAv‡cwÿKfv‡e me c‡Yï wewbgq g~j¨ GKwU wbw`©ó

mg‡q GKmv‡_evov ev Kgv m¤¢e bq| Avevi wewbgq g~‡j¨ †Kvbiƒc cwieZ©b bv G‡bc‡Yï `v‡g cwieZ©b Avmv m¤¢e| myZivs c‡Yï `vg nj

Gig~j¨mg~‡ni g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg GKwU| Ab¨ K_vq GwU A‡_©i Zzjbvqcwigvc Kiv GKwU g~j¨gvÎ| †h‡nZz `vg nj Ab¨Zg GKwU g~j¨†m‡nZz GKwU

e¯‘ DcKvix wKbv ev Dc‡hv‡Mi gvÎv KZUzKz †me¨vcv‡i wm×všÍ †bqvi Rb¨ `vg‡K eënvi Kiv ¯vfvweK| myZivsGKwU cY¨‡K dj`vqK I

DcKvix ZLbB we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e hLbmgvR G we‡kl cY¨ I †mev‡K GKwU `vg Øviv g~j¨vqb K‡i| cY¨ ev †mevi Dc‡hv‡Mi gvÎv Ggb GKwU

`vg Øviv cwigvc Kiv nq hv AwaKvsk †fv³v gvwjKvbvq †bqv ev mØënvi Kievi Rb¨ w`‡Z m¤§Z _v‡K Ñ †nvK †m cY¨ K…wlRvZ ev wkíRvZ

Ges †m †mev GKRb eëmvqx, cwienb kÖwgK, Wv³vi ev cÖ‡KŠkjxi|

Drcv`b, †fvM, e›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î `vg †h f~wgKv iv‡L Zv nj, `v‡gi eë¯’vcbv (price mechanism) wba©viY K‡i †Kvb Drcv`K cY¨Drcv`b

Ki‡e Ges †Kvb Drcv`K cY¨ Drcv`b Ki‡e bv|GKBfv‡e `vgB wba©viY K‡i †Kvb †fv³v cY¨ w`‡q Zvi cÖ‡qvRb†gUv‡e Ges †Kvb †fv³v

cY¨ †fvM Ki‡Z mg_© n‡e bv| GKwUc‡Yï Drcv`b LiP evRv‡i Gi mieivn wbqš¿‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cÖavb wbqvgK I c‡Yï Dc‡hvM evRv‡i Gi

Pvwn`v wbqš¿‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cÖavb f~wgKv iv‡L Ges Dfq‡ÿ‡Î `vg Øviv Gme cwigvc Kiv nq| myZivs cuywRev`x A_©bxwZ‡Z Pvwn`v I †hvMvb

(demand and supply) Aa¨qb Kiv †gŠwjK Bmy¨| †hvMvb ej‡Z evRv‡i mieivn Kiv eySvq Ges GKBfv‡e Pvwn`v ej‡Z evRv‡ii Pvwn`v

eySvq| Pvwn`v `vg D‡jøL e¨wZ‡i‡K †hgwb ejv hvq bv, †Zgwb mieivnI `vg e¨wZ‡i‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv hvq bv| Z‡e Pvwn`v `v‡gi e¨ Ívbycv‡Z

cwiewZ©Z nq,A_©vr hw` `vg ev‡o Zvn‡j Pvwn`v K‡g Ges `vg Kg‡j Pvwn`v ev‡o| mieiv‡ni †ÿ‡Î G m¤úK©wU wVK D‡ëv, A_©vr `v‡gi

Abycv‡Z†hvMvb cwiewZ©Z nq| mieiv‡ni cwigvY e„w× cvq hw` `vg ev‡o Ges mieivn nªvm cvq hw` `vg K‡g hvq| †hvMvb I Pvwn`v G Dfq

‡ÿ‡Î `v‡gi me‡P‡q eo cÖfve i‡q‡Q; d‡j Drcv`b I †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î I i‡q‡Q Gi eo cÖfve|

cyuwRev`x‡ì g‡Z `v‡gi eë¯’vcbv nj mgv‡R e¨w³i g‡a¨ cY¨ I †mev e›U‡bi Av`k© c×wZ| †Kbbv gvbyl †h kÖg e¨q K‡i Zvi djB nj

Dc‡hvM| myZivs ÿwZc~iY (compensation) hw` kÖ‡gi mgvb bv nq Zvn‡j m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e Drcv`b K‡g hv‡e| myZivs mgv‡R cY¨ I †mev

e›U‡bi Av`k© c×wZ nj Ggb GKwU eë¯’v hv m‡e©v”P Drcv`b‡K mywbwðZ K‡i| G c×wZnj `v‡gi c×wZ Ñ hv‡K `v‡gi eë¯’v ev `v‡gi

eë¯’vcbv ejv nq| Zviv g‡b K‡i `v‡gi eë¯’vcbv ¯qswµqfv‡e A_©‰bwZK mvg¨ve¯’vi (economic equilibrium) m„wó K‡i| †h‡nZz GwU

†fv³v‡K wKQzc‡Yï e¨vcv‡i Zvi Pvwn`v Ges Ab¨wKQzi e¨vcv‡i Pvwn`v bv _vKviwfwË‡Z wewfboe A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi gva¨‡g AwR©Z

mgv‡RigvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú‡ì e›U‡bi e¨vcv‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z cQ›` Kivimy‡hvM †`q| myZivs hv cÖ‡qvRb I cQ›`bxq Zv µq Kivi Rb¨Zv‡ì

Avq‡K e¨q K‡i| myZivs †h †fv³v g` cQ›` bv K‡i †m †mwU µq bv K‡i Ab¨ wKQzi †cQ‡b Zvi Avq e¨q Ki‡e| g` AcQ›` K‡iGgb

†µZvi msL¨v hw` e„w× cvq, A_ev mevB g`‡K AcQ›` Kiv ïiæ K‡i, Zvn‡j µgnªvmgvb Pvwn`vi Kvi‡Y g` Drcv`b KivAjvfRbK n‡q

hv‡e| Gfv‡e g‡ì Drcv`b eÜ n‡q hv‡e GesGKB wbqg Ab¨ cY¨ I †mevi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| †fv³vMY Kx µq Ki‡e Ges Kx µq Ki‡e bv G

e¨vcv‡i Zviv ¯vaxb weavq Drcv`‡bi cwigvY I cÖKiY‡K ZvivB wba©viY K‡i| Zviv Zv K‡i `v‡gi gva¨‡gGes cY¨ I †mevi e›UbI N‡U,

hwÌ †fv³v KZ…©K cÖ‡`q `vg mivmwi Drcv`K cvq bv Ges †fv³v Drcv`K‡K †`qI bv|

`v‡gi eë¯’vcbv Drcv`‡bi DÏxcK| GwU e›U‡bi wbqš¿K GesDrcv`K I †fv³vi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcbKvix, A_©vr GwU Ggb GKwU Dcvq hvi

gva¨‡g Drcv`b I †fv‡Mi g‡a¨ mvg¨ve¯’v AR©b nq|

`v‡gi eë¯’vcbv Drcv`‡bi DÏxcK, †Kbbv †h †Kvb gvby‡li †Kvb dj`vqK cÖ‡Póv I Z¨v‡Mi KviY nj e¯‘MZ jvf| cuywRev`x A_©bxwZweìv G

m¤¢vebv ev` w`‡q‡Q †h †Kvb gvbyl Ava¨vwZ¥K ev ˆbwZK Kvi‡Y cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z cv‡i| hLb Zviv ˆbwZK D‡Ïk¨‡K mbv³ K‡i ZLb †mwU‡K

e¯‘MZ jv‡fi Rb¨ Kiv nq e‡j a‡i †bq| Zviv we‡ePbv K‡i †h, gvbyl †KejgvÎ Zvi e¯‘MZ Afve I B”Qv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv e¨q K‡i| G

cÖ‡qvRb c~iY n‡Z cv‡i e¨w³ mivmwi hv Drcv`b K‡i †m¸‡jvi †fvM †_‡K A_ev Ggb †Kvb Avw_©K cyi¯‹vi †_‡K hvi gva¨‡g †m Ab¨‡ì

Drcvw`Z cY¨ I †mev µq Ki‡Z mÿg nq| †h‡nZz gvbyl A‡bï mv‡_ cÖ‡Póv wewbgq Kivi gva¨‡g Zvi AwaKvsk ev me cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Rb¨

A‡bï Dci wbf©ikxj, †m‡nZz cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Kivi cÖ‡Póv Avw_©K cyi¯‹v‡ii w`‡K †K›`ªxf~Z nq| GB Avw_©K cyi¯‹vi Zv‡K cY¨ I †mev cÖvwß‡Z

mnvqZv K‡i Ges GKBfv‡e †m †hme cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i Zv cvIqv Zvi jÿ¨_v‡K bv| myZivs Avw_©K cyi¯‹vi ev `vg cY¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ g~j

jÿ¨wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| A_©vr `vg nj Ggb GKwU Dcvq hv Drcv`K‡KZvi cÖ‡Póv wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z DØy× K‡i| myZivs `vg Drcv`‡bi DÏxcK|

`vg nj Ggb GKwU Dcvq hv e›Ub‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| KviY gvbyl Zvi me cÖ‡qvRb cy‡ivcywi c~iY Ki‡Z Pvq Ges cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cYÏ

†mev AR©‡b †m cÖvYvšÍKi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| hw` cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl‡K ZvicÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Rb¨ ¯vaxbfv‡e †Q‡o †`qv nZ Zvn‡j †m Zvi cQ›`gZ †h

†Kvb cY¨ jvf Ki‡Z I †fvM Ki‡Z ÿvšÍ nZ bv| †h‡nZz cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ GKB jÿ¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq, †m‡nZz GKRb gvbyl‡K Zvi

cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †m mxgvq †_‡g †h‡Z nq †hLv‡b †m wb‡Ri cÖ‡Póv A‡bï cÖ‡Póvi mv‡_ wewbgq Ki‡Z mg_©nq, A_©vr Zvi cÖ‡Póvi

Kvi‡Y †m †h Avw_©K ÿwZc~iY jvf K‡i †m mxgv ch©šÍ A_©vr `v‡gi mxgv ch©šÍ| myZivs `vg ¯vfvweKfv‡e gvbyl‡K †Kvb wKQz jvf I e¨q Kivi

†ÿ‡Î GKwU mxgvi g‡a¨ †e‡a ivLvi Rb¨ eva¨ K‡i Ges GB mxgvwU nj Zvi Av‡qi mxgv| myZivs `vg gvbyl‡K wPšÍv, g~j¨vqb, Zvi c~iY Ki‡Z

n‡e Ggb Zzjbvg ~jK cÖ‡qvR‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z †`q, A_©vr hv Zvi Rb¨ Acwinvh© †mwU †m MÖnY K‡i Ges hv Kg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv †Q‡o †`q|

myZivs `vg wKQz c‡Yï †ÿ‡Î †fv³v‡K AvswkK Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i Ñ hv‡ZK‡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ab¨ cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jv †m c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i|

myZivs `vg nj Ggb GKwU Dcvq hv e¨w³i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dc‡hvMmg~‡ni e›Ub wbqš¿Y K‡i| Dc‡hvM cÖvwßi AvKv•Lv K‡i Ggb †fv³v‡ì

g‡a¨ mxgve× Dc‡hv‡Mi e›Ub‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i `vg| †fv³v‡ì Av‡qi êl‡gï Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì Avq Zv‡ì e¨q‡K GKwU mxgvi g‡a¨ †e‡a iv‡L|

Gi Kvi‡Y wKQz cY¨ †Kej mvg_©evb †jv‡KivB †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges evKx wKQz cY¨ Kg `v‡gi nIqvq mevB †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs wKQz

cY¨ I †mevi †ÿ‡Î `vg †ekxI Ab¨ wKQzi Rb¨ `vg Kg Ges wKQz †fv³vi †P‡q Ab¨ wKQz †fv³vi Kv‡Q `v‡gi Zzjbvg~jK h_v_©Zv wVK K‡i

†`qvi gva¨‡g `vg †fv³v‡ì g‡a¨ Dc‡hvM e›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î wbqš¿‡Ki KvR K‡i|

`vg Drcv`b I †fv‡Mi g‡a¨ mvg¨ve¯’v Avbqb K‡i Ges GwU Drcv`K I †fv³vi ga¨Kvi †mZzeÜb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| †Kbbv †fv³vi AvKv•Lv

c~iYKvix Drcv`K jv‡fi gva¨‡g cyi¯‹…Z nb| Ab¨w`‡K †hme Drcv`‡Ki cY¨ †fv³v‡ì Øviv M„nxZ n‡e bv, †m †jvKmv‡bi gva¨‡g †kl n‡q

hv‡e| †h c×wZi gva¨‡g Drcv`K †fv³vi AvKv•Lv wPwýZ K‡i, Zv nj `vg| hw` †fv³vi Kv‡Q †Kvb c‡Yï Pvwn`v _v‡K Zvn‡j Gi `vg †e‡o

hv‡e, d‡j †fv³vi AvKv•Lvc~iY Ki‡Z wM‡q Gi Drcv`bI †e‡o hv‡e| hw` †fv³vMY GKwU we‡kl cY¨ µq Kiv †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q †bq, Zvn‡j

evRv‡i Gi `vgK‡g hv‡e I †m c‡Yï Drcv`b nªvm cv‡e| myZivs c‡Yï `vg evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ wewb‡qvMK…Z m¤ú` e„w× cvq

Ges `vg Kgvi mv‡_ mv‡_ nªvm cvq| Gfv‡e Drcv`b I †fv‡Mi g‡a¨ mvg¨ve¯’v AR©‡b `vg mnvqZv K‡i Ges Drcv`K I †fv³vi g‡a¨

†mZzeÜb iPbv K‡i Ges GB cÖwµqv ¯^qswµqfv‡e m¤úvw`Z nq| myZivs cyuwRev`x‡ì g‡Z, `vg nj A_©bxwZi wfwË hvi Dci GwU ùvwo‡q _v‡K

Ges Zv‡ì g‡Z GwU A_©bxwZi ¯Í¤¢ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

GB nj cuywRev`x A_©ˆbwZK eë¯’vi mvigg© Ñ hv‡K ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ ejv nq| Mfxi Aa¨q‡bi ci cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi wb¤œwjwLZ

ÎæwUmg~n cwi®‹vi n‡q D‡V:

1. cÖ‡qvRb I Zv c~i‡Yi Dcvqmg~n wgwkÖZKiY

cuywRev`x eë¯’vq A_©bxwZ g~jZt gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb I Zv c~i‡Yi Dcvq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| †mKvi‡Y cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Dcvq wn‡m‡e cY¨ I

†mevi Drcv`b Ges cY¨ I †mevi e›Ub Zv‡ì `„wó‡Z GKB welq| cÖ‡qvRb I Zv c~i‡Yi Dcvq cvi¯úwiKfv‡e m¤úK©hy³ I Ggbfv‡e

Awe‡”Q`¨ †h GKwU Av‡iKwU g‡a¨ AšÍwb©wnZ i‡q‡Q weavq G¸‡jv GKB welq| d‡j cY¨ I †mevi Drcv`‡bi g‡a¨ cY¨ I †mevi e›UbwelqwU

AšÍf©z³| Gi Dci wfwË K‡i Zviv A_©bxwZ‡K GKwU `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`‡L †hLv‡b A_©‰bwZK cY¨ I c‡Yï gvwjKvbv jvf Kivi c×wZ‡K

†Kvbiƒc cv_©K¨ Kiv Qvov GK K‡i †`Lv nq| A_©vr A_©‰bwZK weÁvb I A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi g‡a¨ †Kvbiƒc cv_©K¨ Kiv Qvov Zviv GK K‡i

†`‡L| Z‡e A_©‰bwZK weÁvb I eë¯’vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|

A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v ebvg A_©‰bwZK weÁvb

A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v nj ZvB hv Kxfv‡e m¤ú‡ì e›Ub n‡e, Kxfv‡e GigvwjKvbv jvf Kiv hv‡e, Kxfv‡e e¨q I n ÍvšÍi Kiv n‡e Zv wba©viYK‡i|

Gme welq wba©viY Kiv nq Rxeb m¤ú‡K© GKwU we‡kl `„wófw½ev Av`k© AbymiY K‡i| myZivs Bmjv‡gi A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v mgvRZš¿/Kgy¨wbRg

Ges cuywRev‡ì A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v †_‡K m¤ú~Y©Avjv`v| KviY G eë¯’v¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Zvi wbR¯^ `„wófw½ AbymiY K‡i|

A_©‰bwZK weÁvb Drcv`b, Gi Dboeqb, D™¢veb I Gi DcKi‡Yi Dbœqb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| Ab¨vb¨ weÁv‡bi gZ A_©‰bwZK weÁvbme

RvwZi Rb¨ mve©Rbxb Ges †Kvb Av`‡k©i mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ bq| D`vniY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq, cyuwRev‡` gvwjKvbvi `„wófw½ mgvRZš¿/Kgy¨wbRg I

Bmjv‡gi „wófw½ †_‡K Avjv`v| Z‡e Drcv`b e„w× Kivi Av‡jvPbv GKwU cy‡ivcywi êÁvwbK Bmy¨ Ges Rxe‡bi `„wófw½i mv‡_ m¤ú©Knxb I me

†jv‡Ki Rb¨ mgvb|

gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb Ges Zv c~iY Kivi welq Aa¨qb Ñ GKwU welqwn‡m‡e AšÍ©fzw³ A_©vr A_©‰bwZK cY¨ Drcv`b Kiv I Zv e›U‡bi aiY‡K GK

welq I Bmy¨ wn‡m‡e †`Lv fzj| hvi d‡j cuywRev`x A_©bxwZi Aa¨q‡b wgkÖY I weNœ m„wó n‡q‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y cuywRev`x A_©bxwZi wfwËB fzj|

2. gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb †KejB e ‘MZ

†hme cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Ki‡Z nq †m¸‡jv me †KejB e¯‘MZ Ñ GwU wVKbq Ges cÖ‡qvR‡bi ev ÍeZvi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| e¯‘MZ cÖ‡qvRb

QvovIgvby‡li ˆbwZK I Ava¨vwZ¥K Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q Ges G¸‡jv c~iY nIqvìKvi Ges G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cY¨ I †mev cÖ‡qvRb|

3. cY¨ I †mevmg~n mgv‡Ri KvVv‡gvi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ bq

cuywRev`x A_©bxwZwe‡ìv mgvR wKiKg nIqv DwPZ †m w`‡K `„wó bvw`‡q cÖ‡qvRb I Dc‡hvM †hgb †m¸‡jv‡K †Zgbfv‡eB †`‡L‡Q,A_©vr Zviv

gvbyl‡K Ava¨vwZ¥K Pvwn`v, bxwZ wPšÍv weewR©Z I ˆbwZKD‡Ïk¨ k~b¨ GKwU e¯‘MZ cÖvYx wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i‡Q| GKBfv‡eˆbwZKZvi DrKl©Zvi

wfwË‡Z mgvR Kxfv‡e MwVZ nq,b¨vqcivqYZvi wfwË‡Z mvgvwRK m¤úK©¸‡jv Kxfv‡e wbiƒwcZ nqA_ev mgv‡R Ava¨vwZ¥K DrKl©Zv A_©vr

Avjøvn&Õi mš‘wó AR©‡bi Rb¨me m¤ú‡K©i †cQ‡b gvby‡li mv‡_ Avjøvn&Õi m¤úK© Dcjwä‡K PvwjKvkw³ wn‡m‡e Kxfv‡e _vKv DwPZ †m e¨vcv‡i

Zviv c‡ivqv K‡i bv|e¯‘MZ Pvwn`v c~iY Kivi Rb¨ Zvi jÿÏ cy‡ivcywi e¯‘MZ nIqvqcuywRev`xiv Gme‡K c‡ivqv K‡i bv| Zvi eëmvq hw`

jvf nq Zvn‡j†m cÖZviYv K‡i bv, Avi cÖZviYv K‡i hw` jvf Kiv hvq Zvn‡j ZviRb¨ †mwU êa| mªóvi wb‡ ©k †gvZv‡eK `vb Kivi Rb¨ †m

`wi ªgvbyl‡K LvIqvq bv, eis `wi ª †jvK hv‡Z Zvi KvQ †_‡K Pzwi bv K‡i†m Rb¨ Zv‡ì LvIqvq| hw` `wi ª gvbyl‡K bv LvIqv‡j Zvi

m¤úè…w× cvq Z‡e †m ZvB Ki‡e| myZivs cuywRev`x‡ì cÖavb D‡ØM nj†KejgvÎ e ‘MZ cÖ‡qvRb c~iY K‡i †h jvf Ñ †mw`‡K jÿ¨ ivLv|e¨w³

Zvi wb‡Ri jv‡fi wfwË‡Z A‡bï w`‡K ZvKvq Ges Gi wfwË‡ZA_©‰bwZK Rxeb cÖwZôv K‡i Ges Giƒc †jvK mgvR I RbM‡Yi Rb¨me‡P‡q

wec¾bK e¨w³|

GwU nj cÖ‡qvRb I Dc‡hv‡Mi Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvPbv| m¤ú` I kÖ‡gi wbix‡L A_©vr †h¸‡jv‡K cY¨ I †mev ejv nq †m¸‡jv‡K cvIqvi Rbë¨w³

cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq hv‡Z K‡i Dc‡hvM cvIqv hvq| m¤ú` I kÖ‡giwewbg‡qi Kvi‡Y †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i m„wó nq Ges Gi Dci wfwËK‡i MwVZ nq

mvgvR KvVv‡gv| myZivs m¤ú` I kÖg‡K g~j¨vqb Kivimgq mgv‡Ri KvVv‡gv KxiKg nIqv DwPZ Zv mvaviY I we¯ÍvwiZDfqfv‡e ch©‡eÿY Kiv

Acwinvh©|mgvR KxiKg nIqv DwPZ †mw`‡K …wó bv w`‡q cÖ‡qvRb c~iY KiviRb¨ A_©‰bwZK c‡Yï w`‡K †Kej „wó wbe× Kiv A_©‰bwZK

cY¨‡KmgvR wew”Qboe I m¤úK©nxb Kivi bvgvšÍi Ñ hv A¯vfvweK| GBA_©‰bwZK cY¨ †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ wewbgq nq, d‡j Zv‡ì g‡a¨ m¤úK©m„wó

nq Ges mgvR †_‡KI m¤úK© m„wó nq| myZivs A_©‰bwZK cY¨‡Kwe‡ePbv Kivi mgq mgv‡Ri Dci Gi cÖfve Dcjwä Kiv DwPZ|†KD cQ›`

K‡i e‡j GKwU cY¨‡K mgv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx e‡j we‡ePbvKiv wVK bq Ñ n‡Z cv‡i GwU wb‡RB ÿwZKviK A_ev ÿwZKviK bq,GwU gvby‡li

ga¨Kvi m¤úK©‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i A_ev K‡i bv, mgv‡Ri†jvK‡ì wek¦v‡mi wfwË‡Z GwU Aby‡gvw`Z A_ev wbwl×| eis GKwUcY¨‡K ZLbB

Dc‡hvMx ejv DwPZ hLb Gi †_‡K mgvR †h iKgnIqv DwPZ Zvi wfwË‡Z mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© mgvR DcK…Z nq| myZivsK¨vbvwem, Avwdg I

GRvZxq Z_vKw_Z cY¨‡K Dc‡hvMx we‡ePbvKiv I †KD G¸‡jv Pvq e‡j †m¸‡jv‡K A_©‰bwZK cY¨ wn‡m‡ewe‡ePbv Kiv mwVK n‡e bv| Zvi

e`‡j hLb †Kvb A_©‰bwZK cY¨‡KDc‡hvMx we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e ZLb mgv‡Ri †jvK‡ì m¤ú‡K©i Dci GicÖfve we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e, A_©vr Gi

wfwË‡Z cY¨wU‡K AvgivA_©‰bwZK cY¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kie A_ev Kie bv| mgvR †h iKgnIqv DwPZ Gi wfwË‡Z wRwbmmg~n‡K †`Lv DwPZ|

mgvR KxiKgnIqv DwPZ Zv we‡ePbvq bv G‡b cY¨wU‡K †Lvjv †Pv‡L †hiKg g‡bnq, †miKg g‡b Kiv fzj|

cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Kivi welqwU cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨ AšÍf©z³K‡i Ges Ab¨ wKQz we‡ePbvq bv G‡b cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi DcKiY‡KcÖ‡qvRb

c~i‡Yi GKgvÎ Aej¤^b g‡b K‡i A_©bxwZwe‡ìv m¤ú‡ìe›U‡bi †P‡q m¤ú` m„wó Kivi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM wbe× K‡i‡Q| cÖ‡qvRbc~i‡Yi Rb¨

m¤ú` e›Ub Kivi ¸iæZ¡ GLv‡b †MŠY n‡q uvwo‡q‡Q| myZivs cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi GKwUB jÿ¨ Ges †mwU nj mvgwMÖKfv‡e †`‡ki m¤ú`

e„w× Kiv Ges GwU m‡e©v”P cwigv‡Yi Drcv`b AR©b Kivi Rb¨ KvR K‡i| GwU we‡ePbv K‡i †h †`‡kDrcv`b e„w× K‡i RvZxq Avq e„w×i

gva¨‡g Ges Drcv`b I gvwjKvbvjvf Kivi †ÿ‡Î ¯vaxb nIqvq cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³‡K m¤ú` AR©b KiviRb¨ ¯vaxbfv‡e †Q‡o w`‡q mgv‡Ri

m`m¨‡ì Rb¨ m‡e©v”P cwigv‡Y mvgvwRK Kj¨vY wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e| myZivs e¨w³i Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv evGKwU m¤úª`v‡qi cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i cÖ‡qvRb

†gUv‡bv mnRZi Kivi Rb¨ A_©bxwZ bq, eis hv e¨w³i cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq Zv e„w×i w`‡K GwU †K›`ªxf~Z A_©vr Drcv`b e„w× I †`‡ki RvZxq Avq

e„w×i gva¨‡g m¤úª`v‡qi cÖ‡qvRb c~iY KivB Gi jÿ¨| gvwjKvbv jvf Kiv I KvR Kivi ¯^vaxbZvi Øviv RvZxq Av‡qi mycÖvc¨Zvi gva¨‡g

mgv‡Ri m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡qi e›Ub wbwðZ nq| m¤ú` AR©b Kivi †ÿ‡Î e¨w³i Drcv`‡bi mvg_© Abymv‡i GwU Zvi Dci †Q‡o †`qv n‡q‡Q

Ñ†nvK Gi gva¨‡g me e¨w³ wKsev †Kej wKQz e¨w³ mš‘ó _v‡K|

GwU nj ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ A_©vr cuywRev`x A_©bxwZ| GwU GKwUcÖKvk¨ åvwšÍ Ges ev ÍeZvi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| GwU me e¨w³i Rxebgvb DbœZ

Kivi Rb¨ KvR K‡i bv Ges cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i †gŠwjK Kj¨vY wbwðZ K‡i bv| G „wófw½i fzj w`KwU nj †h, †hme cÖ‡qvRb†gUv‡bvi K_v ejv

nq †m¸‡jv nj e¨w³i cÖ‡qvRb| G¸‡jv njgvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb| myZivs G¸‡jv nj gynv¤§`, mvwjn I nvmv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb, G cÖ‡qvRb †Kvb e¨w³

mgwó, wKQz RvwZi ev GKwU Rbmgwói bq| myZivs e¨w³ wb‡RB Zvi cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡e Ñ †nvK †m GwU mivmwi c~iY K‡i, †hgb:

LvIqv `vIqv A_ev†m cy‡iv Rbmgwói Pvwn`v c~iY Kivi gva¨‡g GwU K‡i _v‡K, †hgb:GKwU RvwZi cÖwZiÿv| myZivs e¨w³icÖ‡qvRbc~i‡Yi

DcKiY e›U‡bi g‡a¨ A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v wbwnZ i‡q‡Q A_©vrRvwZi g‡a¨ _vKv cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i K_v we‡ePbv bv K‡i RvwZ ev †jvK‡ì hv cÖ‡qvRb

Zv c~iY Kivi g‡a¨ bq, eis RvwZi m`m¨ I †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q Znwej I Dc‡hvM e›Ub Kivi g‡a¨| Ab¨ K_vq mgm¨v nj e¨w³i `wi ªZv wKš‘

RvwZi bq| cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Kiv A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi g~j welq n‡Z n‡e, KLbB A_©‰bwZK cY¨ Drcv`‡bi Av‡jvPbv Kiv

bq|

d‡j RvZxq Drcv`‡bi AvKvi‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Ggb wbqvgKmg~‡ni Aa¨qb Aek¨B cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e I m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c me†gŠwjK

cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Aa¨qb †_‡K Avjv`v| GKRb e¨w³i me †gŠwjK gvbweK cÖ‡qvRb c~iY wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mgv‡Ri m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ m¤ú‡ì

e›U‡bi Av‡jvPbv Aa¨q‡bi welq n‡Z n‡e| GwUB M‡elYvi welq nIqv DwPZ Ges cÖg †_‡KB GwU‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov GKwU

†`‡ki `wi ªZv we‡gvP‡bi cÖ‡Póv e¨w³MZfv‡e GKRb e¨w³i `wi ªZv wbimb K‡i bv| eis e¨w³i `wi ªZv wbim‡bi Rb¨ M„nxZ c`‡ÿcmg~n

Ges c`‡ÿç‡jvi g‡a¨ †`‡ki m¤ú` e›U‡bi Kg©m~Px †`‡ki †jvK‡ì RvZxq Avq e„w× Kivi Rb¨ KvRKi‡Z DØy× K‡i| Drcv`‡bi cwigvY

I RvZxq Avq e„w×‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Ggb wbqvgKmg~‡ni M‡elYv A_©‰bwZK weÁv‡b Av‡jvPbv Kiv DwPZ A_©vr cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Av‡jvPbvq

bq eis A_©‡bwZK cY¨ Ges Gi e„w×i Av‡jvPbvq GwU ’vb cv‡e| †Kbbv cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi welqwU A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vq Av‡jvwPZ n‡e|

cyuwRev`xiv `vwe K‡i †h †Kvb GKwU mgvR A_©‰bwZKfv‡e †h mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq Zv nj cY¨ I †mevi Afve| Zviv AviI `vwe K‡i

†h,Pvwn`v AweiZfv‡e e„w× †c‡Z _vK‡jGes G¸‡jv‡K c~iY Kivi AÿgZv A_©vr gvby‡li me cÖ‡qvRbcy‡ivcywi c~iY Kivi Rb¨ cY¨ I †mevi

Ach©vßZvB nj A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi wfwË| G `„wófw½ ÎæwUc~Y© I ev ÍeZvi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| GiKviY nj GKRb gvby‡li e¨w³ wn‡m‡e Zvi

†gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb (Abœ, e¯¿, evm¯’vb) c~iY n‡Z n‡e, wKš‘ wejvm mvgMÖx bq Ñ hwÌ G¸‡jvI gvbyl Pvq| gvby‡li †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb mxwgZ Ges

c„w_ex‡Z eZ©gvb†hme m¤ú` I cÖ‡Póv‡K Zviv cY¨ I †mev wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i _v‡K†mme Aek¨B me gvby‡li †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Kivi

Rb¨ ch©vß, gvbeRvwZi me †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Kiv m¤¢e| †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Kiv wb‡q †Kvb mgm¨v †bB hw` bv †mwU‡K mgv‡Ri Rb¨ A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| ev Í‡e A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v nj e¨w³i me †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ GBme m¤ú` I cÖ‡Póvmg~‡ni e›Ub Ges Gici Zv‡ì‡K wejvm mvgMÖx AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv|

AweiZfv‡e cÖ‡qvRb e„w×i †ÿ‡Î ejv hvq GwU †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRbe„w×i mv‡_ mswkøó †Kvb welq bq| KviY gvbyl wn‡m‡e †Kvb e¨w³i†gŠwjK

cÖ‡qvRb ev‡o bv| Ab¨w`‡K wejvm mvgMÖxi Pvwn`v ev‡o IcwiewZ©Z nq| kû‡i Rxe‡b DboewZi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi e„w× †gŠwjKcÖ‡qvR‡bi mv‡_

weRwoZ bq eis wejvm mvgMÖxi mv‡_ RwoZ| gvbyl wejvm mvgMÖx AR©‡bi Rb¨ KvR K‡i, wKš‘ G¸‡jv c~iY bv n‡j mgm¨vi m„wó nq bv| hv

mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i Zv nj †gŠwjK AwaKvic~iY bv nIqv| Gme wKQzi cvkvcvwk wejvm mvgMÖxi Pvwn`v e„w×i cÖkœwU †KejgvÎ wKQz †jv‡Ki mv‡_

RwoZ hviv GKwU wbw`©ó †`‡k evmK‡i Ges G cÖkœwU †`‡ki me e¨w³i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq| gvby‡lig‡a¨ cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi ¯vfvweK cÖeYZvi

gva¨‡g G cÖkœwUi mgvavbnq| wejvm mvgMÖx AR©‡bi cÖej AvKv•Lvi d‡j gvbyl Zvi †`‡ki m¤ú` e„w× K‡i, Ab¨ †`‡k KvR K‡i A_ev Ab¨

†`‡ki mv‡_ GKxf~ZKiY ev cÖmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g G¸‡jv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ avweZ nq| mgv‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb cy‡ivcywi c~i‡Yi

Bmy¨wUi †P‡q GwU Avjv`v| Gi KviY nj cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Kiv I wejvm mvgMÖxi Pvwn`v c~iY Kivi Rb¨ m¤ú` e›Ub

Kivi mgm¨vwU Rxe‡bi `„wófw½i mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ hv we‡kl Av`k© enbKvix †Kvb we‡kl RvwZi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³| RvZxq Drcv`b e…w×i gva¨‡g RvZxq Avq e…w×i mv‡_ Gi †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| iv‡óªi m¤ú‡ì h_vh_ eënvi, we‡`k Mgb, iv‡óªi mxgvbv ea©b A_ev Ab¨ †`‡ki mv‡_ GKxf~Z

nIqv BZ¨vw` RvZxq Drcv`b e…w× K‡i| †`‡ki m¤ú` e…w× †Kvb we‡kl „wófw½, Av`k© ev RvwZi m¤úwK©Z bq, eis Zv ev ÍewfwËK mgvav‡bi

Dci wbf©ikxj|

myZivs Ggb A_©‰bwZK g~jbxwZcÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e †h¸‡jv RvwZicÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i Rb¨ iv‡óªi Af¨šÍixYI evwn¨K m¤ú‡ì e›Ub wbwðZ Ki‡eÑ

hv‡Z K‡i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †gŠwjKcÖ‡qvRb c~iY nq Ges AZtcicÖ‡Z¨K‡K wejvm mvgMÖx AR©‡bi Rb¨mvg_©ëvb K‡i †Zvjv hvq| Z‡eDrcv`‡bi

cwigvY e„w×i Rb¨ êÁvwbK M‡elYv cÖ‡qvRb GesA_©‰bwZK eë¯’vq Gi Av‡jvPbvA_©‰bwZK mgm¨vwUi mgvavb K‡i bvÑ hv nj cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i

Pvwn`vcy‡ivcywi c~iY Kiv| Drcv`‡bi cwigvY e„w× †`‡ki m¤ú` e„w×i w`‡Kwb‡q hvq wKš‘ Kvh©Kifv‡e cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i †gŠwjK Pvwn`v

cy‡ivcywic~iY K‡i bv| †`kwU cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡` mg„× n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb: BivKI †mŠw` Avie, wKšÍ Zv‡ì †`‡ki AwaKvsk bvMwi‡Ki

†gŠwjKcÖ‡qvRb c~iY nqwb| myZivs RvZxq Drcv`b e„w× cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i meviAv‡M I me©cÖg we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq Ggb †gŠwjK mgm¨vi

mgvavbK‡i bv A_©vr cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb cy‡ivcywi c~iY Kiv IAZtci Zv‡ì‡K wejvm mvgMÖx AR©‡bi Rb¨ mvg_©ëvb K‡i †Zvjvi mv‡_ RvZxq Drcv`b e„w×i m¤úK© †bB| myZivs `wi ªZv I eÂbv gvbyl wn‡m‡e †gŠwjK AwaKvi c~iY bv nIqvi `„wófw½ †_‡K †`L‡Z n‡e,

wKš‘ KLbB bMivq‡bi Kvi‡Y µgea©gvb wejvm mvgMÖxi Pvwn`viKvi‡Y bq| myZivs mgv‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki `wi ªZv I eÂbv‡KB eÂbvmgm¨v wn‡m‡e

we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e, wKš‘ mvgwMÖKfv‡e wn‡me Kiv †`‡ki `wi ªZv eÂbv mgm¨v bq| cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i `wi`ªZv I eÂbv we‡ePbv Kivi `„wófw½

µgea©gvb RvZxq Avq e„w× Øviv wbiƒwcZ nqbv, eis GwU‡K Ggbfv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq hv‡Z †gŠwjK AwaKvicy‡ivcywi c~iY Kivi Rb¨ mgv‡Ri

cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i g‡a¨ m¤ú` ew›UZ nq Ges Zvici cÖ‡Z¨K‡K wejvm mvgMÖx AR©‡bi Rb¨ mvg_©ëvb K‡i †Zvjv hvq|

cyuwRev` g~j¨‡K cÖK…Z bq, eis Av‡cwÿK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i, Ges GwU GKwU AbygvbwfwËKcwigvc wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ nq| D`vniY¯iƒc,

evRv‡i mycÖvc¨Zvi wfwË‡Z GK nvZ Kvc‡oi g~j¨ nj Zv †_‡K cÖvß cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvwMZv| Gi g~j¨ ej‡Z †h cwigvY cY¨ I †mev Gi Rb¨

wewbgq Kiv hv‡e ZvI eySvq| GK nvZ Kvc‡oi wewbgq wn‡m‡e hw` A_© cvIqv hvq Zvn‡j Zv Ô`vgÕ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| Zv‡ì „wó‡Z G

`yÕwU g~j¨ ¯Zš¿, Ges G¸‡jvi Avjv`v bvg i‡q‡Q: Dc‡hvwMZv, Ges wewbg‡qi g~j¨| G msÁv Abymv‡i g~‡jï GB A_© fzj| KviY †Kvb c‡Yï

g~j¨ nj cY¨wUi `y®úÖvc¨Zv mv‡c‡ÿ H c‡Yï g‡a¨ _vKv Dc‡hvwMZvi cwigvY| myZivs GKwU c‡Yï Rb¨ mwZ¨Kv‡ii `„wóf½x nj Gi

`y®úÖvc¨Zv‡K we‡ePbv K‡i Gi g‡a¨ _vKv Dc‡hvwMZv ch©‡eÿY Kiv, Zv GB cY¨wU ïiæ †_‡KB †Kvb e¨w³i gvwjKvbvq AvmyK, ‡hgb

wkKv‡ii gva¨‡g A_ev †ePv‡Kbvi gva¨‡gB AvmyK A_ev GwU e¨w³ m¤úwK©Z †nvK A_ev †Kvb wRwbl m¤úwK©Z †nvK| myZivs g~j¨ Ggb GKwU

mywba©vwiZ wel‡qi bvg hvi mywbw`©ó ev ÍeZv i‡q‡Q Ges GwU †Kvb Av‡cwÿK welq bq hv †Kvb †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM nq, Ab¨‡ÿ‡Î bq| myZivs g~j¨

GKwU ev Íe cwigvc, Av‡cwÿK bq myZivs c yuwRev`x A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g~j¨ m¤ú‡K© †h „wóf½x Zv Gi wfwË †_‡KB fzj|

cÖvwšÍKDc‡hvwMZvevg~j¨ ej‡Zg~jï Ggb GKwUwnmveev Abygvb‡K eySvq hvcYë›U‡bi wbK…óZg cwiw¯’wZ‡ZDrcv`b cwiPvjbviAwfcÖv‡q

cÖv°wjZ| djZ: GKwU c‡Yï g~j¨ wnmve Kiv nq me©wb¤œ mxgvi Dci wfwË K‡i hv‡Z Drcv`b mywbwðZfv‡e Pj‡Z _v‡K| cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvwMZv

GKwU c‡Yï cÖK…Z g~j¨ bq A_ev GgbwK c‡Yï `vgI bq| †Kbbv c‡Yï y®úÖvc¨Zv‡K we‡ePbvq G‡b wnmve Kivi mgq Gi g‡a¨ _vKv

Dc‡hvwMZvB nj Gi g~j¨| Gi g~j¨ Kg‡e bv hLb cieZx©‡Z Gi `vg c‡o hvq Ges e„w× cv‡e bv hw` Gi `vg †e‡o hvq| KviY g~j¨vqb Kivi

mgq Gi g~j¨ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvwMZv ZË¡ g~j¨ m¤úwK©Z wKQz bq, ees GwU `v‡gi mv‡_ mswkøó| GgbwK cuywRev`x

A_©bxwZwe`‡ì „wó‡ZI `vg I g~‡jï g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| `v‡gi wnmve‡K hv cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv nj Pvwn`vi cÖvP~h©Zvi mv‡_ mieiv‡ni NvUwZ

A_ev mieiv‡ni cÖvP~h©Zvi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi NvUwZ| G¸‡jv GKwU c‡Yï Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³, e›U‡bi mv‡_ bq| eis g~j¨,

g~j¨vq‡bi mgq c‡Yï g‡a¨ _vKv †gvU Dc‡hvwMZvicwigvb hvc‡Yï y®úÖvc¨Zv‡K gv_vq †i‡L cwigvc Kiv nq hwÌ Zv c‡Yï g~j¨ wba©vi‡Yi

Dcv`vb wn†m†e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv| myZivs mieivn I Pvwn`v g~j¨‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i bv|

myZivs, g~‡jï welqwU Gi †Mvov †_‡KB fzj| †m Kvi‡Y fzj aviYvi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o DVv †h †Kvb wKQz fyj n‡Z eva¨| hw` kÖgwKsev

Ab¨†Kvb cY¨ n‡ZcÖvß myweav gvcKvwV wn‡m‡e a‡i wb‡qc‡Yï g‡a¨ Dcw¯’Z myweav‡K cwigvc Kiv nq Z‡e †m g~j¨vqbwU mwVK n‡e Ges

¯í‡gqv‡` A‡bK †ekx w¯’wZkxjZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e| hw` g~j¨ `v‡gi wfwË‡Z cwigvc Kiv nq Zvn‡j g~j¨vqb cÖK…Z n‡e bv, Av‡cwÿK n‡e| Ges

evRvi Abymv‡i GwU me©`v cwiewZ©Z n‡Z _vK‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î GwU‡K g~j¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv mwVK n‡e bv weavq g~j¨ kãwU G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv

mgxPxb bq| KviY †m‡ÿ‡Î GwU c‡Yï ¸Yv¸Y Abyhvqx bq eis evRvi Abyhvqx UvKv Kvgv‡bvigva¨‡g cwiYZ n‡e|

cyuwRev`xiv e‡j gvbyl †h kÖg e¨q K‡i Zvi djvdj wn‡m‡e Dc‡hvM cvIqv hvq| myZivs cyi®‹vi hw` Kv‡Ri Abyiƒc bv nq Zvn‡j wbtm‡›`‡n

Drcv`b wb¤œgyLx n‡e Ges Zviv GwU †_‡K wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nq †h, mgv‡Ri m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ m¤ú` e›U‡bi Av`wk©K c×wZ nj ZvB hv m‡e©v”P

cwigv‡Yi Drcv`b‡K mywbwðZ K‡i| G c×wZ cy‡ivcywi fzj| †Kbbv ev¯Í‡e †hme m¤ú` ¯ªóv m„wó K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jvB c‡Yï g‡a¨ _vKv

Dc‡hv‡Mi wfwË| Ges Gme m¤ú‡ì Dc‡hvwMZv e„w×i Rb¨ e¨qK…Z LiP A_ev bZzb GKwU Dc‡hv‡Mi myÎcvZ Ki‡Z Gi mv‡_ †hvMK…Z kÖg

GKwU we‡kl Dc‡hv‡Mi †hvMvb †`q|myZivs Dc‡hvM‡K †KejgvÎ kÖ‡gi djvdj wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv cy‡ivcywi fzj| †Kbbv GwU KuvPvgvj I

Ab¨vb¨ e¨q‡K D‡cÿvK‡i| wKQz‡ÿ‡Î G LiP KuvPvgv‡ji Rb¨ ÿwZc~iY¯iƒc, †Kvbfv‡eB kÖ‡gi Rb¨ bq| myZivs Dc‡hvM gvby‡li kÖ‡gi

djvdj wn‡m‡e Avm‡Z cv‡i A_ev KuvPvgv‡ji RbÏ Avm‡Z cv‡i A_ev Df‡qi djvdj wn‡m‡e Avm‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ †KejgvÎ gvby‡li kÖ‡gi

djvdj wn‡m‡e bq|

†KejgvÎ Kv‡Ri cyi®‹vi n«vm †c‡jB Drcv`‡bi cwigvY n«vm cvq bv, eis †`k †_‡K m¤ú` µgvMZ DRvo n‡Z _vK‡j, hy× ev Ab¨ †Kvb

Kvi‡Y Drcv`b n«vm †c‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY ¯îƒc ejv †h‡Z cv‡i wØZxq gnvhy‡×i ci e„‡Ub I d«v‡Ýi Drcv`b n«vm cvIqvi KviY Kv‡Ri cyi®‹vi

K‡g hvIqvq bq, eis Hk¦h©c~Y© Dcwb‡ek¸‡jvi Dci Zv‡ì cÖfve msKzwPZ nIqvq Ges hy‡× Zv‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi Kvi‡Y| wØZxq gnvhy‡×i mgq

gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi Drcv`b n«vm cvIqvi KviY Kv‡Ri cyi®‹vi K‡g hvIqvq bq, eis Rvg©vbxi mv‡_ Zv‡ì hy‡×i Kvi‡Y| Bmjvgx we‡k¦ AvR‡K

Drcv`‡bi †h n«vm N‡U‡Q †mwUI Kv‡Ri cyi®‹vi K‡g hvIqvq bq eis eyw×e„wËK AatcZ‡bi Kvi‡Y hv‡Z †MvUv D¤§vn& wbcwZZ| myZivs Kv‡Ri

cyi®‹vi cvIqvi †ÿ‡Î Ach©vßZvB Drcv`b n«v‡mi GKgvÎ KviY bq Ges GB wfwË‡Z wPšÍv KivI fzj †h, e›U‡bi Av`wk©K c×wZ nj Drcv`‡bi

cwigvY e„w× Kiv| Drcv`‡bi m‡e©v”P cwigvY AR©‡bi mv‡_ cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i g‡a¨ m¤ú` e›U‡bi †Kvb m¤úK© †bB|

cuywRev`xiv e‡j `vg Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡Yv`bv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges GKRb e¨w³i kÖg e¨q Kivi jÿ¨B nj e¯‘MZfv‡e cyi®‹…Z nIqv| G `„wóf½x

fzj Ges ev ÍeZvi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| gvbyl A‡bK mgq ˆbwZK cyi®‹vi cvIqvi Rb¨ kÖg e¨q K‡i, †hgb ¯ªóvi KvQ †_‡K cyi®‹vi cvIqvi Rb¨

A_ev †Kvb ˆbwZK †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨, †hgb: KviI AbyMÖn wdwi‡q †`qv| gvby‡li Pvwn`v e¯‘MZ n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb: e¯‘MZ jvf; GwU

Ava¨vwZœKI n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb: gyw³ jvf Kiv; A_ev ˆbwZK, †hgb:cÖksmv AR©b Kiv| myZivs †KejgvÎ e¯‘MZ Pvwn`v‡K we‡ePbv Kiv fzj|

ev Í‡e GKRb e¨w³ Zvi e¯‘MZ Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi †P‡q Ava¨vwZœK ev ˆbwZK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi †ÿ‡Î A‡bK D`vifv‡e e¨q Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs `vgB

Drcv`‡bi GKgvÎ cÖ‡Yv`bv bq| GKRb ivRwg¯¿x gv‡mi ci gvm cv_i †K‡U gmwR` evbv‡bvi Rb¨ AvZœwb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i, GKwU KviLvbv

wKQzw`‡bi Drcv`b `wi ª‡ì g‡a¨ e›U‡bi Rb¨ eivÏ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges GKwU RvwZ wKQz A_ev me cÖ‡Póv Zvi f~wg‡K myiÿvi Rb¨ e¨q Ki‡Z

cv‡i| G ai‡bi Drcv`b `vg Øviv cÖ‡Yvw`Z bq| ZvQvov e¯‘MZ cyi®‹vi †KejgvÎ `v‡gi g‡a¨ mxgve× bq, GwU Ab¨ cY¨ I †mevi gva¨‡gI

Avm‡Z cv‡i| myZivs `vg‡K Drcv`‡bi GKgvÎ cÖ‡Yv`bv we‡ePbv Kiv fzj|

cuywRev‡ì GKwU eo Awbqg nj `vg‡K mgv‡Ri †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ m¤ú` e›U‡bi Rb¨ GKgvÎ wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv| Zviv e‡j `vg nj

GKgvÎ cÖwZeÜKZv hv †fv³v‡K Zvi Av‡qi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© †Kvb wKQzi gvwjKvbv jvf I †m Abymv‡i e¨q Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i Ges cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³‡K

Zvi Avq hZUyKz Aby‡gv`b K‡i wVK ZZUzKzi g‡a¨ e¨q‡K mxwgZ iv‡L| GKBfv‡e wKQz c‡Yï `vg e„w× I Ab¨ wKQzi `vg n«v‡mi gva¨‡g Ges

wKQz †jv‡Ki nv‡Z A‡_©i myjfZv I Ab¨ wKQz †jv‡Ki nv‡Z Gi `y®úªvc¨Zvi Kvi‡Y `vg †fv³v‡ì g‡a¨ m¤ú‡ì e›Ub‡K wbqš¿b K‡i| myZivs

†`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ †h cwigvY m¤ú‡ì Askx`vi nq Zv Zvi †gŠwjK Pvwn`vi mgcwigvY bq, eis cY¨ ev †mev Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î Zvi hZUzKz

Ae`vb i‡q‡Q A_©vr f~wg ev g~ja‡bi †ÿ‡Î †m hZUzKzi gvwjK †m cwigvY A_ev †m Kv‡Ri ev cÖ‡R‡±i hZUzKz K‡i‡Q †m cwigvY|

G g~jbxwZ †_‡K A_©vr `vg e›U‡bi wbqš¿K †_‡K ejv hvq †h, cuywRev` Kvh©Kifv‡eB wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q †h, gvbyl GKwU my›ì Rxeb cv‡e bv hw`

†m cY¨ I †mev Drcv`‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z mvg_©ëvb bv n‡Z cv‡i| †h e¨w³ Ae`vb ivL‡Z Aÿg A_©vr †m hw` Rb¥m~‡Î kvixwiK ev gvbwmKfv‡e

Aÿg _v‡K Zvn‡j †m Rxeb cvIqvi †hvM¨Zv iv‡L bv Ges Zvi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ m¤ú` †bqvi †ÿ‡ÎI Zvi †hvM¨Zv †bB| ZvQvov †h

kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e kw³kvjx n‡q Rb¥ jvf K‡i‡Q Ges †m Zvi B‡”QgZ m¤ú` m„wó I gvwjKvbv jvf Ki‡Z mg_©¨| G ai‡bi †jvK wejvmx

Rxebhvc‡bi gva¨‡g LiP Kivi †hvM¨ Ges Zvi m¤ú` Øviv Ab¨‡ì Dci wbqš¿b I cÖf~Z¡ Kivi †hvM¨Zv iv‡L| ZvQvov e¯‘MZ jvf †LuvRvi

†ÿ‡Î †h e¨w³i cÖ‡Yv`bv †ekx †m e¨w³ m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î Ab¨‡ì Qvwo‡q hv‡e, Avi Ab¨w`‡K hvi g‡a¨ Ava¨vwZœKZv I ˆbwZK

g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖwZ (DcvR©‡bi mgq †h¸‡jv Zv‡K wbqš¿b K‡i) †RuvK †ekx kw³kvjx Zvi gvwjKvbv AR©b ev m¤ú` AR©b Ab¨‡ì Zzjbvq Kg

n‡e| G cÖwµqv Rxeb †_‡K Ava¨vwZœK I ˆbwZK wbqvgKmg~n‡K ev` w`‡q‡Q Ges e¯‘MZ Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi wewfbœ Dcvq AbymÜv‡b jvjvwqZ e¯‘MZ

msMÖv‡gi wfwË‡Z cÖwZwôZ GK Rxeb ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| cuywRev` cÖ‡qvMKvix cÖwZwU †`‡k µgvMZ GUvB N‡U‡Q| †hme †`k cuywRev`‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Q

†mme †`‡k †fv³v‡K wbqš¿b K‡i Ggb Drcv`K cuywRcwZ‡ì GK‡PwUqv AvwacZ¨ M‡o D‡V‡Q| RbM‡Yi †QvÆ GKwU Ask, eo †Zj †Kv¤úvbx,

¯qswµq hvb, fvix wkí Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi gvwjK nIqvq Zviv hv Drcv`b K‡i †mm‡ei Dci h‡_”Qfv‡e GKwU `vg ewm‡q Zviv †fv³v‡ì Dci

AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi K‡i| hv cieeZ©x‡Z GKwU †RvovZvwj A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi w`‡K Zv‡ì avweZ K‡i| RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡K iÿv, †fv³v‡ì iÿv

Ges wKQz c‡Yï eënvi‡K n«vm Kiv Ges GK‡PwUqv eëmvqx‡ì KZ©…Z¡ mxwgZ Kivi Rb¨ ivóª‡K we‡kl wKQz †ÿ‡Î `vg wba©viY K‡i †`qvi

ÿgZv w`‡q Zviv GwU K‡i _v‡K| miKvi cwiPvwjZ wKQy MY cÖKí‡KI Zviv Gi g‡a¨ AšÍf©z³ K‡i _v‡K| Gme n Í‡ÿc Zv‡ì A_©‰bwZK

eë¯’vi (A_©‰bwZK ¯vaxbZv) mv‡_ mvsNw©l©K Ges G¸‡jv †KejgvÎ we‡kl †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| A‡bK (iÿYkxj) cyuwRev`x G n Í‡ÿc bxwZ

MÖnY K‡i bv Ges Zviv G‡K cÖkœwe× K‡i I cÖPvi K‡i †h, miKvwi †Kvb n Í‡ÿc e¨wZ‡i‡K `v‡gi Kjv‡KŠkjB †Kej Drcv`K I †fv³vi

¯v‡_©i g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ Avb‡Z h‡_ó| n Í‡ÿ‡ci mg_©Kiv (D`vicš’xiv) G ai‡bi †RvovZvwj †`qv mgvav‡bi e¨vcv‡i mycvwik K‡i‡Q hv we‡kl

cwiw¯’wZ‡Z I Ae¯’v‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| GgbwK Gme cwiw¯’wZ‡ZI cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i g‡a¨ m¤ú‡ì e›Ub cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki me †gŠwjK Pvwn`v‡K

cwic~Y©fv‡e c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

gvwjKvbvi ¯vaxbZvi aviYv Ges `vg‡K m¤ú` e›U‡bi GKgvÎ Kjv‡KŠkj wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kivi aviYvi Kvi‡Y cY¨ I †mevi Lvivc e›Ub nq

Ges G wPÎ cuywRev` cÖ‡qvM nq Ggb me mgv‡R AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi K‡i| Av‡gwiKvb mgv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î A‡bK Av‡gwiKvb‡ì Zv‡ì †gŠwjK Pvwn`v

c~iY I GgbwK wejvm mvgMÖx AR©‡bi Rb¨ †`‡ki m¤ú‡` h‡_ó †kqvi i‡q‡Q| G cwiw¯’wZ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q †m †`‡ki e¨vcK m¤ú‡ì Kvi‡Y, hv

†m‡`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i †gŠwjK AwaKvi I wejvmx mvgMÖx AR©‡bi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Z‡e GwU GKRb e¨w³ Drcv`‡b hZUzKz kÖg w`‡Z

cvi‡Q Zvi g~‡jï mgcwigvY †kqv‡ii Kvi‡Y n‡”Q Giƒc ejv hv‡e bv| ZvQvov `v‡gi †KŠkj‡K e›U‡bi wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e wba©vi‡Yi Kvi‡Y

cwðgv cuywRcwZ GK‡PwUqv eëmvqxiv Ab¨ †`‡ki bZzb evRvi LuyR‡Z cÖ‡Yvw`Z nq, †hLvb †_‡K Zviv KuvPvgvj msMÖn K‡i I Drcvw`Z cY¨

weµq K‡i| Dcwb‡ekev`, AvÂwjK KZ…©Z¡, A_©‰bwZK `Lj`vwiZ¡ †_‡K D™¢zZ mgm¨v¸‡jv GK‡PwUqv eëmv I m¤ú` e›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î `vg‡K

DcKiY wn‡m‡e eënvi Kivi Kvi‡Y m„wó n‡q‡Q| G wfwË‡ZB c„w_exi m¤ú` cuywRcwZ GK‡PwUqv eëmvqx‡ì nv‡Z cyÄxf~Z n‡q‡Q| cuywRev`

KZ…©K cÖwZwôZ Gme fzj wbqg-bxwZi Kvi‡Y Zv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|

mgvRZvwš¿K A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v

mgvRZvwš¿K A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi †ÿ‡Î †hLv‡b KwgDwbRg Gi GKwU Ask, GwU cu&&ywRev‡ì mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| Gi êwk¦K I Avf¨šÍixY cÖ‡qvMKvix

†mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi cZ‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ AvšÍR©vwZK ch©vq †_‡K Gi cÖfve we`vq n‡jI Bmjv‡gi `vIqvn& cÖPviKvixM‡Yi Rb¨ GB wPšÍv‡K

LÛb Ges Gi ÎæwU¸‡jv‡K ¯úófv‡e Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ GB wel‡q h‡_ó Ávb ivLv AZ¨vek¨K| KviY mvgwMÖK wKsev AvswkKfv‡e †nvK, ¸wUK‡qK

†Mvôxi g‡a¨ GB wPšÍv¸‡jv GLbI Av‡jvwPZ nq|

Ewbk kZ‡Ki w`‡K AwaKvsk mgvRZvwš¿K wPšÍvi Rb¥ nq| D`vicš’x gZev` A_©vr cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi weiæ‡× mgvRZvwš¿K‡ì KwVb

msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| cuywRev‡ì Aax‡b mgv‡R †h AmgZv weivR KiwQj Ges cvkvcvwk Gi ÎæwU I mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y mgvRZ‡š¿i kw³kvjx

DÌvb N‡UwQj| mgvRZvwš¿K gZev` we‡kølY K‡i †`Lv hvq †h, Zviv wZbwU wel‡q GKgZ †cvlY K‡i hv Zv‡ì‡K Ab¨ A_©‰bwZK gZev`

†_‡K Avjv`v K‡i‡Q t

1. GKai‡bi cÖK…Z mgZv AR©b Kiv

2. cy‡ivcywi wKsev AvswkKfv‡e e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË wejyß Kiv

3. me †jv‡Ki gva¨‡g cY¨ I †mevi Drcv`b I e›Ub m¤úbœ Kiv

G wZbwU wel‡q Zv‡ì HKgZ¨ _vK‡jI eû wel‡q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †gŠwjK gZcv_©K¨ we`¨gvb, hv‡ì g‡a¨ me©v‡cÿvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y©¸‡jv n‡jv t

cÖ_gZ t mgvRZvwš¿K gZev`xiv PzovÛ mgZv AR©‡bi iæc‡iLvi e¨vcv‡i wfbœ wfbœ gZ †cvlY K‡i| GK `j cvwUMvwYwZK mgZvi c‡ÿ K_v

e‡j A_©vr mevB me‡ÿ‡Î mgvb myweav cv‡e; myZivs cÖwZwU e¨w³‡K GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY †`qv n‡e| Ab¨ `j mvaviY mgZvi K_v e‡j A_©vr

Kv‡Ri e›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î mÿgZv ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Drcvw`Z cY¨ e›U‡bi mgq cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i Pvwn`vi w`‡K bRi w`‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì g‡Z

wb‡¤œv³ g~jbxwZwU cÖ‡qvM n‡jB †Kej mgZv ev ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q e‡j a‡i †bqv n‡et Òmvg_©¨ Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K A_©vr Zvi mÿgZv

Abyhvqx (Gi A_© n‡”Q †m hZUzKz KvR m¤úv`b K‡i), Ges Pvwn`vbyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K‡K (Drcvw`Z c‡Yï e›Ub‡K eySvq)|Ó Z…Zxq `j mevi Pvwn`v

c~i‡Yi Rb¨ m¤ú` ch©vß bv nIqvq Drcv`‡bi wfwË‡Z mgZv‡K MÖnY Ki‡Q| d‡j Zv‡ì g‡Z e›U‡bi wfwË n‡”Q t Òmvg_©¨ Abyhvqx A_©vr

mÿgZv Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K Ges KvR Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K‡K|Ó myZivs Zv‡ì g‡Z mgZv ZLbB AR©b n‡e hLb cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³B Ab¨

mÿg e¨w³i g‡Zv Drcv`b cÖwµqvq AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM cv‡e|

wØZxqZ t mgvRZvwš¿K gZev‡ì cÖe³vMY e¨w³MZ m¤úwË wejywßi iƒc‡iLv wb‡q gZ‡f` †cvlY K‡i| GK‡Mvôx e¨w³MZ m¤úwË cy‡ivcywi

wejywßi c‡ÿi gZ‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Q, hv gyjZt KwgDwbRg| Abïv †hme e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË Drcv`‡bi nvwZqvi A_©vr gyjab RvZxq,

†hgb-KjKviLvbv, †ij, Lwb Ges G RvZxq m¤úwËi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z, Zv wejywßi c‡ÿ gZ w`‡q‡Q| myZivs Zviv Drcv`‡b eëüZ nq Ggb

c‡Yï gvwjKvbv‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q| ZvB †KD fvov †`qvi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU evwo, KviLvbv wKsev GK LÛ Rwgi gvwjK n‡Z cvi‡e bv wKš‘ †fv‡Mi

Rb¨ wKQz wbw`©ó ai‡bi m¤úwË‡K Zvi gvwjKvbvaxb ivL‡Z cvi‡e| myZivs Zv‡ì g‡Z †fv‡Mi wbwg‡Ë †h‡Kvb ai‡bi c‡Yï AR©bB êa,

†hgb: emev‡mi Rb¨ evox, wKš‘ f~wg I KviLvbv bq, eis G¸‡jv hv Drcv`b K‡i †m¸‡jvi gvwjK n‡Z cvi‡e| GwU‡K ejv nq g~ja‡bi

mgvRZš¿vqb| Ab¨ GKwU `j K…wl Rwgi mv‡_ mswkøó †Kvb wKQz ev‡` Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³MZ m¤úwËi we‡jvc mvab bv Kivi c‡ÿ hyw³ Dc ’vcb

K‡i Ges G‡ì‡K K…wlwfwËK mgvRZvwš¿K (K…wlwfwËK ms¯‹viK) ejv nq| ZviciI Av‡iK †Mvôxi g‡Z, Rb¯v_© †hme e¨w³MZ m¤úwË‡K

MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z Pvq Ggb cÖwZwU welqe¯‘‡K ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ †`L‡Z n‡e| ZvB Zviv my` I fvovi †ÿ‡Î m‡e©v”P mxgv,

Ges cvwikÖwg‡Ki †ÿ‡Î me©wb¤œ mxgv msµvšÍ AvBb cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g eû RvqMvq wbqwš¿Z e¨w³gvwjKvbvi K_v e‡j _v‡K Ges kÖwgK‡K g~ja‡bi

GKRb Askx`vi evbv‡bvi cÖwZ †Rvi †`q| GUv‡KB ivóªxq mgvRZš¿ ejv nq|

Z…ZxqZ t mgvRZvwš¿K gZev` Zv‡ì jÿ¨ ev Íevq‡bi DcKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wØgZ †cvlY K‡i| †mKvi‡Y wecøex mgvRZš¿ (Revolutionary

Syndicalism) kÖwgK‡ì cÖZ¨ÿ Av‡›`vjb, †hgb: Amn‡hvM ag©NU, hš¿cvwZ b‡ói bvkKZvg~jK Kg©KvÛ, kÖwgK‡ì‡K mvaviY ag©N‡U DØy×

Kiv, A_©vr kÖwg‡Ki wbR¯ kw³e‡j AwR©Z kÖwgK gyw³ Z‡Ë¡i Dci wbf©ikxj| ZvB Zviv A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ‡K c½y Kivi gva¨‡g eZ©gvb

A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v‡K aŸsm Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mvaviY ag©NU WvK †`qvi my‡hvM Avmv ch©šÍ GB wPšÍvi wfwË‡Z kÖwg‡ì‡K HKë× Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì

mKj Kg©m~Px¸‡jv cwiPvjbv K‡i|

gvK©mxq mgvRZvwš¿‡Kiv mgvR weeZ©‡bi cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g wek¦vmx Ges Zviv g‡b K‡i eZ©gvb eë¯’v‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ GUvB h‡_ó, Ges hv

mgvRZ‡š¿i ZË¡vbyhvqx Ab¨ GKwU eë¯’v Øviv Ggwb‡ZB cÖwZ ’vwcZ n‡e|

ivóªxq (miKvi) mgvRZ‡š¿i cÖe³vMY g‡b K‡i Zv‡ì wPšÍv ev¯Íevq‡bi Dcvq nj AvBb cÖYqb| AvBb cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv Rb¯v_© msiÿY

Ges kÖwgK kw³i Ae¯’v Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ KvR K‡i| cvkvcvwk Ki Av‡ivc, we‡kl K‡i g~jab I DËivwaKv‡ii m¤úwËi Dci Ki Av‡ivc K‡i

e¨w³MZ m¤úwËi g‡a¨ êlg¨ ~i Ki‡Z KvR K‡i|

PZz_©Z t mgvRZvwš¿K eë¯’vq cÖ‡R± cwiPvjbvq cÖkvmwbK Kg©Kv‡Ûi KvVv‡gvi e¨vcv‡iI mgvRZvwš¿‡Kiv wØavwef³| †hgb, g~jabx

mgvRZvwš¿‡Kiv Drcv`b I e›Ub eë¯’vcbv‡K miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡b ivL‡Z Pvq, Ab¨w`‡K wecøex mgvRZvwš¿‡Kiv GB eë¯’vcbv‡K kÖwgK

msMVb¸‡jvi KZ©ve¨w³‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ (Guild Socialism) MwVZ cwiPvjbv cl©‡ì Kv‡Q ivL‡Z Pvq|

mgvRZvwš¿K ZË¡mg~‡ni g‡a¨ me‡P‡q cÖfvekvjx I weL¨vZ nj Rvg©vbxi Kvj© gvK©‡mi ZË¡| Zvi ZË¡ mgvRZvwš¿K `ywbqv‡K wbqš¿b K‡i‡Q Ges

Gi Dci wfwË K‡i ivwkqv‡Z KwgDwb÷ cvwU© Ges BDwbqb Ae †mvwf‡qZ †mvm¨vwj÷ wicvewjK (USSR) cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj hv yB `kK Av‡M

Zv aŸs‡mi AvM ch©šÍ 70ermi wU‡K wQj|

Kvj© gvK©‡mi Ab¨Zg mycwiwPZ ZË¡mg~‡ni g‡a¨ GKwU nj g~j¨ ZË¡, hv †m cuywRev`x wPšÍvwe`‡ì KvQ †_‡K MÖnY K‡iwQj Ges Gi wfwË‡ZB †m

cuywRev`‡K AvµgY K‡iwQj| A¨vWvg w¯§_‡K Bsj¨v‡Ûi D`vi gZev‡ì ¸iæ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq Ges g‡b Kiv nq †mB ivR‰bwZK

A_©bxwZ A_©vr cuywRev`x A_©bxwZi wfwËi iPwqZv; g~j¨‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i †m e‡j‡Q, ÔGKwU c‡Yï g~j¨ Zv Drcv`‡b e¨wqZ kÖg cwigv‡Yi Dci

wbf©ikxj|Õ myZivs †h cY¨wU Drcv`‡b yB N›Uv mgq jv‡M Zvi g~j¨ †h c‡Yï Drcv`‡b GK N›Uv jv‡M Zvi g~‡jï †P‡q wØ¸b| Kv‡Ri Z‡Ë¡i

e¨vL¨vq g~j¨‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i A¨vWvg w¯§‡_i cieZ©x cÖe³v wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z, Ôïay cY¨ Drcv`‡b e¨wqZ kÖg cwigvYB c‡Yï g~j¨ wba©viY K‡ibv

eis Drcv`b cÖwµqvq eëüZ hš¿cvwZ I DcKiY ˆZwi‡Z †h cwigvY kÖg e¨q n‡q‡Q ZvI we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e|Õ A_©vr, wiKv‡W©v c‡Yï

Drcv`b cÖwµqvq e¨wqZ mKj kÖ‡gi wfwË‡Z g~j¨ wba©vi‡Y wek¦vmx| †m GB mg Í e¨q‡K GKwU wel‡qi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ K‡i‡Q, Avi Zv n‡jv

KvR|

AZtci Kvj© gvK©m wiKv‡W©vi cuywRev‡` eëüZ g~‡jï ZË¡‡K e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e cyuwRev`x wPšÍv‡K Avµg‡Yi A ¿

wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i| Zvi g‡Z, cY¨ Drcv`‡b e¨wqZ mKj kÖgkw³ n‡”Q c‡Yï g~j wba©vi‡Yi GKgvÎ Drm, Ges cuywRcwZ A_©jwMœKvixiv

kÖwg‡Ki kÖgkw³‡K Ggb cvwikÖwg‡Ki wewbg‡q wK‡b †bq hv †KvbiK‡g kÖwgK‡K euvwP‡q ivLv Ges KvR Ae¨vnZ ivLvi cwigv‡Yi †P‡q †ekx

bq| AZtci cyuwRcwZiv cY¨ Drcv`‡bi kÖwg‡Ki kÖg ï‡l †bq, hvi g~j¨ Zv‡K †`qv cvwikÖwg‡Ki †P‡q eû¸‡Y †ekx| Kvj© gvK©m GB cv_©K¨‡K

A_ ©vr kÖwgK †h kÖgg~j¨ †`q Ges wewbg‡q Zv‡K †h cvwikÖwgK †`qv nq, Zvi cv_©K¨‡K ÔDØ„Ë g~j¨Õ (surplus value) wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i‡Q|

ivR¯, jvf ev g~jab Abycv‡Z †diZcÖvß A_©, BZ¨vwì bv‡g Rwg`vi Ges eëmvqxiv †h cwigvY AwaKvi niY K‡i, Zv‡K †m GB DØ„Ë g~j¨

wn‡m‡e AvL¨v w`‡q‡Q Ges A‰ea e‡j‡Q|

Kvj© gvK©‡mi g‡Z c~‡e©i mgvRZvwš¿Kiv gvby‡li g‡a¨ b¨vqwePv‡ii cÖwZ fvjevmv I wbh©vwZZ‡ì cv‡k uvov‡bvi ¯fveRvZ cÖK…wZ we`¨gvb

_vKvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì ZË¡¸‡jvi mdjZvi e¨vcv‡i Avkvev`x wQj| GB gZev‡ì cÖe³viv mgv‡Ri Dci cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ Ggb wKQz bZzb c×wZ

MÖnY KiZ †h¸‡jv‡Z Zviv wek¦vm¯’vcb KiZ Ges Zviv G¸‡jv‡K MfY©i, eëmvqx, wPšÍvkxj gvbyl‡ì wbKU Dc¯’vcb KiZ Ges Zv‡ì‡K G

wPšÍv¸‡jv ev Íevq‡bi Rb¨ AvnŸvb RvbvZ| Kvj© gvK©m GB wPšÍvi wfwË‡Z Zvi gZev`‡K ˆZwi K‡iwb A_ev GB cÖwµqv‡KI AbymiY K‡iwb| †m

Zvi gZev`‡K ‡h `vk©wbK Z‡Ë¡i Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o Zz‡jwQj Zv HwZnvwmK weeZ©bev` ZË¡ bv‡g cwiwPZ, hv‡K Øvw›`K ZË¡I ejv nq| Zvi

g‡Z †Kv‡bv eë¯’vcK, AvBbcÖ‡YZv wKsev ms¯‹vi‡Ki n¯Í‡ÿc QvovB A_©‰bwZK wbq‡gi ¯^vfvweK cÖwµqvq mgv‡R weeZ©‡bi wbq‡gi dj¯iƒc

mgv‡R bZzb eë¯’v cÖwZwôZ n‡e| Kvj© gvK©m G ai‡bi mgvRZš¿‡K ÔêÁvwbK mgvRZš¿Õ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i hv‡Z Zvi Av‡M †hme

mgvRZvwš¿K gZev` G‡m‡Q †m¸‡jv †_‡K GwU‡K Avjv`v Kiv hvq| Zvi Av‡M Avmv mgvRZvwš¿K gZev`mg~n‡K ÔBD‡Uvwcqvb mgvRZš¿Õ ejv

nZ| Kvj© gvK©‡mi mgvRZvwš¿K Z‡Ë¡i Pz¤^Kvsk wb¤œiƒct

†h †Kvb hy‡Mi mgv‡Ri eë¯’vi ¯iƒc A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ Abyhvqx MwVZ nq| mgvReë¯’v weeZ©‡bi Dci fywgKv iv‡L e¯‘MZ Ae¯’vi DbœwZi

Rb¨ Pjgvb †kÖYx msMÖvg| BwZnvm ¯^vÿ¨ †`q †h, msL¨vjwNô abevb †kÖbxi Dci me©vwaK Lvivc Ae¯’vq _vKv msL¨vMwiô †kÖYxi weR‡qi gva¨‡g

G msMÖv‡gi mgvwß n‡q‡Q| †m GwU‡K mvgvwRK weeZ©b wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i‡Q| Zvi g‡Z AZx‡Zi gZ G ZË¡ fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨| c~‡e©

G msMÖvg wQj gy³ gvbyl I `vm‡ì g‡a¨, AZtci AwfRvZ †kÖYx I cÖRv‡ì g‡a¨, GiI c‡i AwfRvZ †kÖYx I K…l‡Ki g‡a¨ Ges †bZv I

`‡ji cÖavb‡ì g‡a¨| G msMÖvg me©`v ¯^ímsL¨K wbh©vZbKvix †kÖYxi Dci msL¨vMwiô wbh©vwZZ †kÖYxi weR‡qi gva¨‡g †kl n‡q‡Q| wKš‘

weR‡qi ci wbh©vwZZ †kÖYx iÿYkxj wbh©vZbKvix‡Z cwiYZ nq| divwm wecø‡ei ci †_‡K G msMÖvg wQj ga¨weË †kÖYx (Bourgeoisie) I kÖwgK

†kÖYxi g‡a¨| cÖ_g †kÖYx wewfbœ A_©‰bwZK cÖK‡íi cÖf~‡Z, g~ja‡bi gvwj‡K cwiYZ nj Ges iÿYkxj n‡q DVj| msL¨vMwiô nIqv m‡Ë¡I

kÖwgK †kÖYx g~ja‡bi wKQzB †cZ bv| djZ G Ae¯’v `yÕwU †kÖYxi g‡a¨ ¯^v‡_©i Ø‡›` cwiYZ nj hvi Drm nj A_©‰bwZK KviY|

AvR‡Ki w`‡bi Drcv`‡bi ixwZ gvwjKvbvi eë¯’vbyhvqx AvewZ©Z nq bv| Drcv`b AvRKvj Avi e¨w³Zvwš¿K bq; A_©vr Av‡Mi gZ †Kej

e¨w³i Øviv m¤úvw`Z nq bv, eis mvgwóK n‡q‡Q A_©vr wKQz msL¨K e¨w³ Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq| hvB †nvK, GKB mg‡q gvwjKvbvi eë¯’v

cwiewZ©Z nqwb| myZivs e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv Ae¨vnZ Av‡Q Ges Zv eZ©gvb mgv‡Ri wfwË| GKvi‡Y Drcv`‡b AskMÖnYKvix kÖwgK †kÖYxi g~ja‡b

†Kvb Ask _v‡K bv| weavq Zviv cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i bv Ggb cuywRcwZ‡ì KiæYvi Dci wbf©i K‡i| cyuwRcwZiv kÖwgK kw³‡K hrmvgvb¨

cvwikÖwgK w`‡q Zv‡ì †kvlY K‡i Ges kÖwg‡KivI GwU MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ nq, †Kbbv Zv‡ì‡K G cwikÖ‡gi wewbg‡q Aw ÍZ¡ iÿv Ki‡Z nq|

Drcvw`Z c‡Yï g~j¨ I kÖwg‡Ki cvwikÖwg‡Ki ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ hv‡K Kvj© gvK©m ÔDØ„Ë g~j¨Õ ev ‘surplus value’ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i‡Q| GwU

cuywRcwZ GK‡PwUqv eëmvqx‡ì Kv‡Q jvf Ges GLv‡b b¨vq wePvi n‡j Zv kÖwgK‡ì Ask nIqv DwPZ wQj|

myZivs G yÕwU †kÖYxi g‡a¨ Ø›` Ae¨vnZ _v‡K hZÿY bv gvwjKvbvi eë¯’v Drcv`‡bi eë¯’vi mv‡_ GKBiKg bv nq A_©vr hZÿY bv gvwjKvbv

mgvRZvwš¿K ev mvgwóK bv nq| mgv‡Ri weeZ©‡bi m~Î Abymv‡i G msMÖvg kÖwgK †kÖYxi weR‡qi gva¨‡g †kl n‡e| †Kbbv Zviv nj wbcxwoZ I

msL¨vMwiô †kÖYx|

kÖwgK †kÖYx †h cÖwµqvq mvdj¨ jvf Ki‡e Ges ‡h welqwU GB mvd‡jï KviY Zv nj mgv‡Ri weeZ©b ZË¡| A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡bi eZ©gvb eë¯’vB

fwel¨r m¤úª`v‡qi exR wb‡Ri g‡a¨ enb K‡i Ges eZ©gvb eë¯’v †h ZË¡ Øviv cwiPvwjZ ‡m Kvi‡YB Zv wbwðý n‡q hv‡e| Ggb GKwU mgq

wQj hLb ga¨weËiv AwfRvZ‡ì weiæ‡× msMÖv‡g Rqx n‡qwQj Ges A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj, †Kbbv Zviv g~ja‡bi

gvwjK wQj| Z‡e Gi f~wgKv †kl n‡q‡Q Ges mgq G‡m‡Q Gi Ae¯’vb cwiZ¨vM K‡i Zv kÖwgK †kÖYxi Kv‡Q Ac©Y Kivi| †K›`ªxf~Z Kivi ZË¡ I

gy³ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi c×wZ Zv‡K Zv Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| †K›`ªxf~ZKi‡Yi Z‡Ë¡i cÖfv‡e c&&uywRcwZiv msL¨vq wejxb n‡Z _v‡K Ges kªwgK †kÖYx

msL¨vq e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| gy³ cÖwZ‡hvMxZvi cÖfv‡e Drcv`b me mxgve×Zv‡K AwZµg K‡i Ges Gi cwigvY Ggb gvÎv Qvwo‡q hvq †h, kÖwgK

†kÖYxi †fv³viv Zv‡ì wb¤œ gvÎvi cvwikÖwgK Øviv Zv µq Ki‡Z A¶g| GwU Ggb GKwU msKU m„wó K‡i †h, wKQz gvwjK cuywR nvwi‡q kÖgevRv‡i

cÖ‡ek K‡i| G eë¯’v hLb G¸‡Z _v‡K ZLb m¼U AviI Nbxf~Z nq Ges G ai‡bi NUbv DË‡ivËi e„w× cvq Ges cyuwRcwZ‡ì msL¨v µgvš‡q

Kg‡Z _v‡K| Avi ZLbB ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ c~e©eZx© me msKU‡K AwZµg K‡i hvq Ggb m¼U m„wó nq Ges GwU GZ eo AvKv‡i nq †h Zv

cuywRev`x eë¯’vi wfwËmg~n‡K aŸwm‡q †`q| cuywRev‡ì aŸsm¯‘‡ci Dci AZtci cÖwZwôZ nq mgvRZš¿| gvK©‡mi g‡Z HwZnvwmK weeZ©‡bi

me©‡kl ch©vq nj mgvRZš¿| KviY GwU e¨w³MZ m¤úwË‡K †kl K‡i †`q weavq mgv‡R Avi êlg¨ m„wóKvix †kÖYx msNvZ _v‡K bv|

Kvj© gvK©‡mi eY©bvq, †K› ªxf~Z Kiv cuywRev`x A_©bxwZi Ask| †gvÏv K_v, GKwU cÖKí †_‡K kÖg I g~jab Ab¨wU‡Z P‡j hvq hv‡Z GKR‡bi

evo‡Z _vK‡j AciR‡bi n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K| Gme wKQzB Drcv`‡bi †K› ªxf~ZKiY‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i| hw` †KD wk‡íi Drcv`‡bi ‡Kvb GKwU

kvLv‡K ch©‡eÿY K‡i, †hgb: P‡Kv‡j‡Ui KviLvbv; †h †KD †`L‡Z cv‡e †h, ax‡i ax‡i A‡bK cÖKí nvwi‡q hv‡”Q| GesAb¨w`‡K mg‡qi mv‡_

mv‡_, cÖ‡Z¨K cÖK‡í Drcv`‡bi kÖgkw³ e„w× cvq| Drcv`‡bi †h †K› ªxf~ZKiY N‡U‡Q GwU nj Zvi cÖgvY| †Kbbv eo Drcv`b †QvU AvKv‡ii

Drcv`b‡K cÖwZ ’vwcZ K‡i| myZivs D`vniY¯îƒc ejv hvq, hw` KviLvbvi msL¨v `k _v‡K, Z‡e mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ †m¸‡jv Pvi ev cuvPwU eo

KviLvbvq cwiYZ nq Ges evKx¸‡jv nvwi‡q hv‡e|

gvK©‡mi wba©vwiZ gy³ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ej‡Z KvR Kivi ¯^vaxbZvi g~jbxwZ‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q A_©vr Gi A_© nj †h †Kvb e¨w³i †h †Kvb wKQz †h

†Kvb c×wZ‡Z Drcv`‡bi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|

gvK©‡mi g‡Z A_©‰bwZK fvimvg¨Zvi ÿwZ K‡i Ggb nVvr m„wó nIqv †h †Kvb mgm¨vi †ÿ‡Î A_©‰bwZK m¼U welqwU cÖ‡qvM n‡e| we‡kl

mgm¨vi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Drcv`b I e›U‡bi fvimvg¨nxbZv †_‡K D™¢~Z Drcv`‡bi GKwU kvLvi AvIZvaxb me mgm¨v| G ai‡bi NUbv NU‡Z cv‡i

AwZwi³ Drcv`b I e›Ub A_ev Kg Drcv`b I e›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î|

evievi c~Yive„wË nq Ggb eo m¼‡Ui †ÿ‡Î Ggb cÖPÛ Av‡jvob m„wó nq †h Zv cy‡iv A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi wfwË‡Z K¤úb m„wó K‡i Ges

A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× I g›`vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ m~PbvKvix we›`y wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i mgqKvj wZb †_‡K cvuP eQi nq Ges g›`vi

†ÿ‡ÎI GKB iKg nq| Gme ch©vqµwgK eo m¼‡Ui we‡kl êwkó¨B G‡ì‡K Avjv`v K‡i| G êwkó¨¸‡jv wZbwU cÖavb ¸‡Yi g‡a¨ c‡o t

cÖ_gZ, mvaviYxKi‡Yi ¸Y| Gi A_© nj GKwU †`‡k m¼U A_©‰bwZK mg„w×i me¸‡jv w`‡Ki Dci A_ev Kgc‡ÿ Gi AwaKvs‡ki Dci AvNvZ

nv‡b| GB mvaviY m¼UwU cÖ_‡g †h †`‡k mgm¨v Nbxf~Z nq †m †`‡k me©cÖ_g †`Lv †`q Ges cieZx©‡Z Ab¨vb¨ wk‡ívbœZ †`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o

hv‡ì mv‡_ cÖ_‡g mgm¨vq cov iv‡óªi wKQz ¯’vqx m¤úK© eRvq wQj| wØZxq ¸YwU nj GwU ch©vqµwgK| Gi A_© nj m¼U m„wó nq cyYtcywYKfv‡e

I PµvKvi mg‡q cvjvµ‡g| GKwU m¼U I AciwUi g‡a¨ mgqKvj mvZ †_‡K GMvi eQ‡ii g‡a¨ DVvbvgv K‡i| ch©vqµwgK nIqv m‡Ë¡I

GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ G NUbv N‡U bv| Z…Zxq ¸YwU nj AwZwi³ Drcv`b hv‡Z K‡i eo eo cÖK‡íi gvwj‡Kiv Zv‡ì Drcvw`Z cY¨ bó

Ki‡Z wM‡q mgm¨vq c‡o hvq| myZivs A‡bK c‡Yï †ÿ‡Î mieivn Drcv`b‡K Qvwo‡q hvq Ges m¼U m„wó K‡i|

Kvj© gvK©‡mi we‡ePbvq, G eo m¼U wKQz †jvK‡K g~jab nviv‡Z eva¨ K‡i| myZivs gvwj‡Ki msL¨v Kg‡Z _v‡K Ges kÖwg‡Ki msL¨v evo‡Z

_v‡K| G NUbv¸‡jv me ©‡kl eo m¼‡Ui w`‡K avweZ Ki‡e Ges cyi‡bv eë¯’v‡K †f‡½ †d‡j w`‡e|

GB n‡”Q mgvRZ‡š¿i mvims‡ÿc, hvi g‡a¨ KwgDwbRgI (mvgëv`) AšÍf~©³| Dc‡ii mvivsk †_‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q †h, mvgëv`xmn mgvRZvwš¿K

gZev`xiv e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© mgZv weav‡bi Rb¨ AvcÖvY †Póv Pvjvq, †nvK Zv jv‡fi †ÿ‡Î A_ev Drcv`‡bi DcKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î A_ev

cÖK…Z mgZvi †ÿ‡Î| G ai‡bi †h †Kvb mgZv AR©b Kiv ytmva¨ Ges GwU ZvwË¡K welq Qvov Avi wKQzB bq| GwU Aev Íe weavq Am¤¢e| KviY

Giƒc mgZv Aev¯Íe I ev ÍeZv weewR©Z| m„wóMZ Kvi‡YB ¯fveMZfv‡e gvbyl kvixwiK I gvbwmK mÿgZvi w`‡K †_‡K wfbœZi Ges Pvwn`v

c~i‡Yi w`K †_‡KI Zviv ci¯úi Avjv`v| myZivs Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mgZv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e bq| hw` GKRb ejc~e©K mgcwigvY cY¨ I †mev e›Ub

K‡iI _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡ì c‡ÿ G m¤ú‡ì Øviv Drcv`b I mØënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î mgZv AR©b Kiv Am¤¢e| Zv‡ì wbR wbR Pvwn`v c~iY Kivi Rb¨

†h cwigvY cÖ‡qvRb †m‡ÿ‡ÎI mgvb nIqv m¤¢e bq| myZivs Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mgZv cÖwZôv Kivi welqwU GKwU KíbvcÖeY I ZvwË¡K welq|

ZvQvov kw³/mvg‡_©ï cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y gvby‡li g‡a¨ mgZv AR©‡bi aviYv b¨vqwePvi n‡Z A‡bK ~‡i Aew¯’Z, hv mgvRZvwš¿‡Kiv AR©‡bi

cÖ‡PóviZ e‡j `vwe K‡i| gvwjKvbv Ges Drcv`‡bi nvwZqv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ êlg¨ Aek¨¤¢vex Ges LyeB ¯vfvweK| gvby‡li g‡a¨ _vKv

we`¨gvb ¯^vfvweK êcix‡Zï mv‡_ mgZv AR©‡bi †h‡Kvb cÖ‡Póv mvsNwl©K nIqvq Zv e¨_© n‡Z eva¨|

e¨w³MZ m¤úwËi cy‡ivcywi wejywß mva‡bi †ÿ‡Î ejv hvq GwU gvby‡li cÖK…wZi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| †Kbbv gvwjKvbv n‡jv †eu‡P _vKvi cÖe„wËi

ewntcÖKvk Ges GwU gvby‡li g‡a¨ Aw ÍZ¡kxj| Zvi g‡a¨ ¯fveRvZ nIqvq GwU ZviB GKwU Ask Ges cÖe„wËMZ nIqvq Gi wbg~©j m¤¢e bq|

GKwU gvbyl hZÿY †eu‡P _v‡K ZZÿY cÖe„wËMZ †Kvb wKQzB Zvi †_‡K Avjv`v Kiv m¤¢e bq| e¨w³MZ m¤úwËi we‡jvc mvab gvby‡li

¯fveRvZ cÖe„wËi Dci GK wbcxob Qvov Avi wKQzB bq Ges GwU Aw¯’iZv Qvov Avi wKQzB e‡q Av‡b bv| myZivs GwU‡K wejywß bv K‡i eis GB

cÖe„wË‡K msMwVZ Kiv DwPZ|

gvwjKvbvi AvswkK wejywßi welqwU ch©‡eÿY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| hw` Gi Øviv c‡Yï hv gvbyl AR©b Ki‡Z Pvq, Zvi we¯Ívi jv‡fi jvMvg Uvbv‡K

eySvq (cwigvYMZfv‡e gvwjKvbv mxwgZ Kiv), Z‡e Zv Drcv`‡bi cwigvY‡K mxwgZ K‡i w`‡e, hv Avevi mwVK n‡e bv, KviY Zv gvby‡li

Kvh©µg‡K mxgve× K‡i †d‡j, Zvi cÖ‡Póvq euvav m„wó K‡i, Zvi †_‡K cÖvß Drcv`b‡K n«vm K‡i| gvbyl‡K †KvbwKQz AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î euvav cÖ`vb

Ki‡j Ges GKwU wbw`©ó mxgv ‡eu‡a w`‡j, Zviv Kvh©Z GB MwÛi g‡a¨B Ave× n‡q c‡o, e¨w³‡ì Kvh©µg e¨vnZ nq Ges RbmvaviY Hme

e¨w³i Drcv`bg~LxZvi dj †fvM Kiv †_‡K ewÂZ nq|

Z‡e cY¨ I †mevi gvwjKvbv hw` cÖvß cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨ mxgve× bv †i‡L GKwU wbw ©ó ixwZi g‡a¨ mxgve× ivLv nq, Zvn‡j Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨| KviY

GwU gvby‡li KvR‡K ÿwZMÖ Í K‡i bv| G cÖwµqv e¨w³i g‡a¨ m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv‡K msMwVZ K‡i Ges Zv‡ì‡K AviI †ek kÖg e¨q Ki‡Z I

KvR evov‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i|

hw` gvwjKvbvi AvswkK wejywß ej‡Z e¨w³‡K we‡kl wKQz m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv AR©b‡K †iva Kiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ wKQz m¤úwË Amxgfv‡e AR©b Kiv

eySvq, Zvn‡j G welqwU we‡ePbv K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e| hw` Gme m¤úwËi Dc‡hv‡Mi cÖK…wZ Kvi‡Y RbMY‡K ewÂZ Kiv Qvov †KejgvÎ e¨w³ GKv

†fvM bv Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j †m e¨w³‡K †m m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv AR©‡b evav †`qv Lye ¯^vfvweK n‡e, †hgb: RbM‡bi iv Ív, UvDb ¯‹qvi, b`x,

mvMi Ges GRvZxq A‡bK wKQy| m¤úwËi cÖK…wZi Kvi‡Y mxgve×Zv Av‡ivc Kiv nq| mvgwóK Dc‡hvwMZv _vKvi Kvi‡Y Gme m¤úwË‡Z

e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv wbwl× Kiv †`vlYxq bq| †Kbbv G ai‡bi gvwjKvbv m¤úwËi cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i wba©viY Kiv nq|

hw` m¤úwËi cÖK…wZi Kvi‡Y e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv wbwl× Kivi cÖ‡qvRb bv c‡o Zvn‡j welqwU AviI we‡kølY K‡i †`Lvi AeKvk i‡q‡Q| hw`

m¤úwËwU cÖ_g cÖKv‡ii AšÍf©z³ n‡q _v‡K A_©vr m¤úwËi e¨w³gvwjKvbv hw` m¤úª`vq‡K ewÂZ K‡i, †hgb- Rjvkq I LwbR ªe¨, Zvn‡j

G¸‡jvi e¨w³gvwjKvbvi we‡jvc mvab Kiv KLbIB †`vlYxq bq| †h Bmy¨wU G ai‡bi m¤úwË‡Z cÖ_g cÖKv‡ii AšÍf©z³ K‡i Zv nj m¤úwËi

cÖK…wZ| hw` Gi gvwjKvbv e¨w³MZfv‡e AR©b Kiv nq, Zvn‡j Zv RbMY‡K ewÂZ Ki‡e| Z‡e hw` Gi gvwjKvbv RbMY‡K ewÂZ bv K‡i,

Zvn‡j Gi gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kvbiƒc cÖwZeÜKZv _vKv DwPZ n‡e bv| Avi hw` Zv Kiv nq, Z‡e Zv †Kvb KviY e¨wZ‡i‡K Ab¨vqfv‡e

gvwjKvbv‡K mxgve× Kiv n‡e|GwU n‡e cwigvYMZfv‡e gvwjKvbv mxwgZ KivigZBGes GKvi‡Y gvby‡li KvR‡K mxwgZ K‡i †dj‡e, Zvi

cÖ‡Póv‡K evavMÖ Í Ki‡e, Drcv`b‡K n«vm Ki‡e I KvR Kivi ¯ú„nv‡K ¯’wei K‡i †`‡e|

mgvRZ‡š¿ gvwjKvbvi AvswkK we‡jvcmva‡bi Kvi‡Y cwigvYMZfv‡e gvwjKvbv mxwgZ Kiv nq, wKš‘ gvwjKvbv jv‡fi c_ I Dcv‡qi gva¨‡g Zv

mxwgZ Kiv nq bv| GwU wKQz m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv AR©b‡K cÖwZnZ K‡i hv Zv‡ì cÖK…wZ I Zv‡ì DrcwËi cÖK…wZi Kvi‡Y e¨w³MZfv‡e

gvwjKvbvq †bqv DwPZ| mgvRZš¿ gvwjKvbv‡K cwigvYMZfv‡e mxwgZ K‡i, †hgb: GKwU wbw`©ó GjvKv ch©šÍ f~wgi gvwjKvbv‡K mxwgZ Kiv,

A_ev GwU †Kvb we‡kl m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv‡K mxwgZ K‡i, †hgb: Drcv`‡bi Dcvq| Gme m¤úwËi A‡bK¸‡jvi cÖK…wZi Kvi‡Y †m¸‡jv‡K

e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvq †bqv hvq| G ai‡bi m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv‡K mxwgZ Kivi gva¨‡g KvR‡K mxwgZ Kiv nq, †nvK †m mxwgZKiY AvBb Øviv

c~e©wba©vwiZ, †hgb: DËivwaKvi cÖwZ‡iva, Lwb‡Ri gvwjKvbv, †ij A_ev KjKviLvbv; A_ev Rb¯v_© we‡ePbvq G¸‡jvi AwaKiY †iv‡a

Ae¯’vbycv‡Z hw` G‡K iv‡óªi nv‡Z wm×všÍ †bqvi Rb¨ †Q‡o †`qv nq| myZivs Gme¸‡jvB e¨w³i KvR‡K mxwgZ Kivi cÖqvm KviY cÖK…wZMZ

Kvi‡Y GB m¤úwË¸‡jv e¨w³gvwjKvbvq P‡j cv‡i|

RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Am‡šÍvl I D‡ØM ˆZwi K‡i Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ N„Yv m„wó K‡i †jvK‡ì gva¨‡g Drcv`b I e›Ub wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e bq| GwU eis

eë¯’vcbvbq, wek„sLjvi m„wó K‡i| ZvQvov mgvR weeZ©‡bi ¯vfvweK ZË¡ Abymi‡Y kÖwgK‡kÖYxi g‡a¨ Ôeëmvqxiv wbh©vZbKvixÕ, G †eva ˆZwi

K‡i †jvK‡ì gva¨‡g Drcv`b msMwVZ Kiv m¤¢e bq| †Kbbv eëmvqxiv kÖwgK †kÖYxi Pvwn`v c~iY Kivi †ÿ‡Î PZzi I `ÿ n‡Z cv‡i, †hgbwU

gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi KviLvbv kÖwgK‡ì †ÿ‡Î N‡U| myZivs kÖwgK †kÖYx Zv‡ì cwikÖ‡gi dj Øviv †kvwlZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I wbh©vwZZ Abyfe K‡i bv|

Gfv‡e Z_vKw_Z weeZ©b Kvw•LZ Drcv`b I e›Ub‡K wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖK…Zc‡¶, G welq¸‡jv‡K mgm¨vi mwVK cÖK…wZ‡K wb‡q KvR

K‡i GKwU mywbw`©ó wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ mwVK AvBb I mgvavb Øviv msMwVZ Ki‡Z n‡e| mgvRZš¿ Drcv`b I e›Ub mywbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ nq

kÖwgK‡kÖYxi g‡a¨ D‡ØM I Am‡šÍvl‡K Dm‡K †`q A_ev mgvR weeZ©‡bi ¯vfvweK ZË¡ AbymiY A_ev mywbw`©ó †Kvb wfwË ev wek¦vm †_‡K D™¢~Z

bq Ggb gvbe m„ó AvBb I Kvby‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i| †mKvi‡Y G ai‡bi mgvavb wfwË †_‡KB fzj|

GB wQj mgvRZ‡š¿i åvwšÍ¸‡jv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv| mywbw ©ófv‡e Kvj© gvK©‡mi mgvRZvwš¿K Z‡Ë¡i fzj¸‡jv wb‡¤œi wZbwU †ÿ‡Î cwijwÿZ nq t

cÖ_gZt g~j¨ Z‡Ë¡i Dci Zvi gZ fzj Ges ev¯ÍeZv weewR©Z| GKwU c‡Yï g~‡jï GKgvÎ Drm nj Gi Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨qK…Z kÖg-G

gZvgZwU ev¯ÍeZvi mv‡_ Awgj| †Kbbv e¨qK…Z kÖg GKwU Drm wKš‘ GKgvÎ Drm bq| GLv‡b kÖg QvovI AviI A‡bK Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q hv

c‡Yï g~j¨ wba©vi‡Y hy³ nq| Kv‡Ri Rb¨ KuvPvgvj i‡q‡Q, Ges c‡Yï Dc‡hvMxZvi Kvi‡Y Gi Pvwn`vi welqwUI GLv‡b AšÍf©~³| KuvPvgv‡ji

†fZi Ggb Dc‡hvwMZv _vK‡Z cv‡i hv K…Z Kv‡Ri g~j¨‡KI AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡i, †hgb: wkKvi| evRv‡i cY¨ †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hvwMZvi †Kvb

Pvwn`v bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i wKsev Gi ißvwb wbwl× n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb: gymwjg‡ì †ÿ‡Î g`| myZivs wewb‡qvMK…Z kÖgB g~‡jï GKgvÎ Drm K_vwU

mwVK bq Ges GUv c‡Yï ev ÍeZvi mv‡_ Awgj|

wØZxqZt Zvi gZev` Abyhvqx †h †Kvb hy‡M GKwU mgv‡Ri eë¯’v †m mg‡qi A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi djvdj, Ges GKwU Kvi‡Y G eë¯’vi g‡a¨

meai‡bi iƒcvšÍi msNwUZ nq, Avi Zv n‡”Q e¯‘MZ Ae¯’vi DbœwZi Rb¨ †kÖYx msMÖvg, GwUI fzj Ges wfwËnxb, Ges ÎæwUhy³ KíbvcÖm~Z wPšÍvi

Dci cÖwZwôZ| HwZnvwmK NUbv I eZ©gvb Ae¯’v †_‡K Gi åvwšÍ I ev ÍeZvi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© mywbwðZ nIqv hvq| Avgiv †`wL

†h, ivwkqvi mgvRZ‡š¿i w`‡K †h iƒcvšÍi Zv e¯‘MZ weeZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y msNwUZ nqwb wKsev †kÖYx msMÖv‡gi Kvi‡Y eë¯’vi cwieZ©b Z¡ivwšZ

nqwb| eis GKwU `j i³v³ wecø‡ei gva¨‡g ÿgZv MÖnY K‡i Ges †jvK‡ì Dci Zv‡ì wPšÍv cÖ‡qvM K‡i Ges eë¯’vi cwieZ©b K‡i| GKB

NUbv mgvRZvwš¿K Px‡bI msNwUZ n‡q‡Q| cwðg Rvg©vbx bq eis c~e© Rvg©vbx‡Z, cwðg BD‡ivc bq eis c~e© BD‡iv‡c mgvRZ‡š¿i cÖ‡qvM

KLbIB †kÖYx msMÖv‡gi Kvi‡Y msNwUZ nqwb| eis †mme †`‡k mgvRZš¿ cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e n‡qwQj Aci GKwU mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª Øviv `Lj K‡i

†bqvi gva¨‡g, †hLv‡b weRqx †`k wewRZ †`‡k Zvi eë¯’v Pvwc‡q w`‡qwQj| GKB welq cuywRev`x ivóª, Bmjvgx ivóª I Ab¨vb¨ iv‡óªi †ÿ‡ÎI

n‡qwQj| ZvQvov G Z‡Ë¡i gva¨‡g †hme †`‡ki eë¯’v †kÖYx msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g cwiewZ©Z n‡e e‡j a‡i †bqv n‡qwQj, †hgb: Rvg©vbx, Bsj¨vÛ

Ges gvwK©b hy³ivóª, †mme †`k¸‡jv me cuywRev`x ivóª, †hLv‡b cuywRi gvwjK I kÖwgK †kÖYx A‡bK| Rvi kvwmZ ivwkqv ev Pxb wk‡ívbœZ wQj bv,

eis K…wlwfwËK wQj Ges †mLv‡b cuywRi gvwj‡Ki msL¨v cwð‡gi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg wQj| cwðg BD‡ivc I Av‡gwiKvq G yÕwU †kÖYxi e¨vcK

Dcw¯’wZ m‡Ë¡I †m¸‡jv mgvRZvwš¿K iv‡óª cwiYZ nqwb Ges GLb ch©šÍ Gme †`‡k cuywRev`B cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡”Q| G `yÕwU †kÖYxi Dcw¯’wZ Zv‡ì

eë¯’vi Dci †Kvb cÖfve m„wó K‡iwb| G Av‡jvPbvB wfwË †_‡K G Z‡Ë¡i hyw³ LÛ‡bi Rb¨ h‡_ó|

Z…Zxq ÎæwU hv Kvj© gvK©m †_‡K D™¢~Z n‡q‡Q Zv nj mvgvwRK weeZ©b ZË¡-†hLv‡b †m e‡j‡Q †h, wbqš¿bKvix A_©‰bwZK Z‡Ë¡i Kvi‡Y A_©‰bwZK

Rxe‡bi eë¯’v we‡jvc n‡Z eva¨ A_©vr eZ©gvb eë¯’v †h A_©‰bwZK ZË¡ Øviv cwiPvwjZ ‡m Kvi‡YB Zv wbwðý n‡q hv‡e| Ges GKvi‡YB

AwfRvZ †kÖYxi weiæ‡× msMÖv‡g ga¨weË †kÖYx Rqjvf K‡i‡Q A_©vr †K›`ªxf~ZKiY Z‡Ë¡i Kvi‡Y cuywRcwZ †kÖYx kÖwgK †kÖYxi Rb¨ RvqMv †Q‡o

w`‡Z eva¨ n‡e| Kvj© gvK©‡mi Drcv`‡bi †K› ªxf~ZKiY Z‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z kÖwgK †kÖYxi msL¨v µgvMZfv‡e e„w× cv‡e Ges cuywRi gvwj‡Kiv n«vm

cv‡e, GUvI fzj| †Kbbv Drcv`‡bi †K› ªxf~ZKi‡Yi GKwU mxgv i‡q‡Q hv GwU AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs GKwU wbw ©ó gvÎvq †cuŠQv‡bvi

ci †mLv‡bB †_‡g hvq, weavq Kvj© gvK©m ewY©Z weeZ©‡bi Rb¨ cÖfveK wn‡m‡e Avi KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvQvov Drcv`‡bi †K›`ªxf~ZKiY

welqwU Drcv`‡bi GKwU kvLvq †gv‡UI Aw ÍZ¡kxj bq, †hgb: K…wl| Zvn‡j Kxfv‡e mgvR weeZ©‡bi ZË¡ †mLv‡b KvR K‡i? cvkvcvwk Kvj©

gvK©‡mi g‡Z, Drcv`‡bi †K› ªxf~ZKi‡Yi ci m¤ú‡ì †K› ªxf~ZKiY N‡U, hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z wewb‡qvMKvixi msL¨v Kg‡Z _v‡K Ges kÖwg‡Ki

msL¨v evo‡Z _v‡K, hv‡ì †Kvb wKQzB †bB| GB `„wófw½ fzj| †Kbbv Drcv`‡bi †K› ªxf~ZKiY cuywRi gvwj‡Ki msL¨v e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges

kÖwgK †kÖYx‡K cuywRi gvwjK evwb‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| eo eo K‡c©v‡ikb Øviv cwiPvwjZ eo eo cÖ‡R±mg~‡n kÖwgK †kÖYx †_‡K mvaviYZ †kqviavix

_v‡K-hv Dc‡iv³ ZË¡‡K LÛbKvix D`vniY| ZvQvov KviLvbvi A‡bK kÖwg‡Ki i‡q‡Q D”P †eZb, †hgb: cÖ‡KŠkjx, imvqbwe` Ges eë¯’vcK-

hviv Zv‡ì †eZ‡bi GKwU eo Ask mÂq Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges wb‡Riv ¯vaxbfv‡e †Kvb cÖ‡R± Kiv Qvov wewb‡qvMKvix n‡Z cv‡i| myZivs Kvj©

gvK©m kÖwgK †kÖYx I weeZ©b wb‡q hv e‡j‡Q Zv G‡ì †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM nq bv|

cyuwRev` I mgvRZš¿ (hv †_‡K KwgDwbRg ev mvgëv` DrmvwiZ) †hme bxwZi Dci cÖwZwôZ †m wel‡q GwUB nj mswÿß Av‡jvPbv| G

wbixÿvagx© Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Gme g~jbxwZi g‡a¨ †h åvwšÍmg~n we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q Zv my¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q| GwU nj GKw`‡K Ges Ab¨w`‡K Dfq

eë¯’v Bmjvg †hfv‡e GKwU mgm¨v‡K mgvavb K‡i Zvi mv‡_ Ges Bmjv‡gi wb‡Ri mv‡_ mvsNw©l©K|

mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î Bmjvgx c×wZi mv‡_ Ab¨¸‡jvi mvsNwl©K nIqvi †ÿ‡Î ejv hvq, Bmjvg A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î †h c×wZ

MÖnY K‡i‡Q Zv Ab¨vb¨ gvbweK mgm¨vmg~n mgvavb Kivi †ÿ‡Î M„nxZ c×wZi Abyiƒc| Bmjv‡gi mvaviY `„wófw½ nj A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi

ev ÍeZv ch©‡eÿY Kiv, GwU‡K Abyaveb Kiv Ges AZtci kvixÕAvn& `wjj Aa¨qb K‡i †mme `wjj †_‡K mgvavb †ei K‡i wb‡q Avmv Ges

wbwðZ Kiv †h G mgvavb †m we‡kl mgm¨vi †ÿ‡ÎB cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡”Q| GwU cuywRev` I mgvRZvwš¿K c×wZ †_‡K Avjv`v| cuywRev‡` †h ev ÍeZv

†_‡K mgm¨v D™¢~Z n‡q‡Q †mLv‡bB mgvavb †LuvRv nq (pragmatism)| Avi mgvRZ‡š¿ mgvavb †bqv nq KvíwbK aviYv †_‡K Ges mgm¨vi

g‡a¨ Zv Aw ÍZ¡kxj a‡i †bqv nq, Ges †mme aviYv Abymv‡i mgvavb Kiv nq| G `yÕwU c×wZi cÖ‡Z¨KwU Bmjvg †_‡K Avjv`v| myZivs

gymwjg‡ì GwU MÖnY Kiv Aby‡gvw`Z bq|

Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ cuywRev`x I mgvRZvwš¿K (mvgëv`mn) A_©bxwZi g~j mvsNwl©K w`K n‡”Q Bmjvg A_©‰bwZK mgvavb mg~n‡K Hkx ûKzg (Avn&Kvg

kvixÕAvn&) wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q hv ûKzg kvixÕAvn&Õi Drm n‡Z DrmvwiZ Ges Ab¨w`‡K cuywRev`x I mgvRZvwš¿K A_©‰bwZK mgvavb Hkx ûKzg

bq, eis Zv Kzdi eë¯’v †_‡K DrmvwiZ| Zv‡ì gZ K‡i †Kvb wKQz hvPvB Kiv n‡j Zv n‡e Avjøvn& hv bvwhj K‡i‡Q Zv e¨wZ‡i‡K Ab¨ wKQz‡K

†g‡b †bqvi gZ, hv KLbIB †Kvb gymwj‡gi Rb¨ MÖnY Kiv Aby‡gvw`Z bq| GB mgvav‡b wek¦vm bv K‡iI G‡K MÖnY Kiv n‡e cÖKvk¨ ¸Yv‡n&i

KvR| Avi hw` †KD wek¦vm K‡i †h, G¸‡jvB nj Dchy³ AvBb Ges Bmjvgx ûKzgmg~n AvaywbK hy‡M cÖ‡hvR¨ bq Ges eZ©gvb A_©‰bwZK

mgm¨vi mgvavb w`‡Z cv‡i bv, Zvn‡j †mwU Kzdi| Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv Avgv‡ì‡K GB cvc †_‡K iÿv Kiyb!

Aa¨vq 2: A_©bxwZ

A_©bxwZ (Economy) kãwU GKwU cyi‡bv MÖxK kã n‡Z DrcwË n‡q‡Q, hvi A_© n‡jv M„n ’vjxi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cwiKíbv Kiv hv‡Z Gi Kg©ÿg

m`m¨MY cY¨ Drcv`b I `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i, Ges Gi me m`m¨MY Zv‡ì Aax‡b _vKv mewKQy †fvM K‡i| mg‡qi Ave‡Z© †jv‡Kiv M„‡ni

msÁv‡K ivóª Øviv cwiPvwjZ GKwU m¤cÖ`vq ch©šÍ cwie¨ß K‡i‡Qb|

A_©bxwZ kãwU mÂq wKsev m¤ú` †evSv‡bvi g‡Zv fvlvMZ A‡_© cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfcÖv‡q eënvi Kiv nqwb| eis GLv‡b G‡K cÖv‡qvwMK A‡_© A_©vr

Drcv`b e„w× wKsev G‡K wbwðZ Kivi g‡Zv m¤ú‡ì eë¯’vcbvi A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q, hv A_©‰bwZK weÁv‡bi Av‡jvP¨ welq; A_ev m¤ú‡ì

e›Ub eë¯’vi A‡_© hv A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi Av‡jvP¨ welq|

hwÌ A_©‰bwZK weÁvb I A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v DfqB A_©bxwZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i, Z ycwi G‡ì ¯Kxq A_© i‡q‡Q| A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v m¤ú‡ì

cwigv‡Yi DVvbvgv Øviv cÖfvweZ nq bv| m¤ú‡ì cwigv‡Yi DVvbvgv A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi ai‡Yi DciI †Kvb cÖfve †d‡j bv| myZivs A_©bxwZ‡K

GKwU gvÎ welq wn‡m‡e †`Lv, Ges G‡K GKwU cÖm½ wn‡m‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv GKwU gvivZœK fyj| †Kbbv Zv mgvav‡bi cÖ‡qvRb A_©‰bwZK

mgm¨v¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© µwUc~Y© Dcjw×i w`‡K avweZ K‡i wKsev †h wbqvgKmg~n †`‡ki m¤ú` e„w×‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L †m¸‡jv‡K Dcjw× Kivi †¶‡Î

ÎæwU †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| KviY, m¤ú` e„w×i `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K RbM‡Yi welqvwì eë¯’vcbv n‡jv GK Bmy¨, Ges m¤ú` e›U‡bi `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K

RbM‡Yi welqvwì eë¯’vcbv n‡jv m¤ú~Y© wfbœ GKwU Bmy¨| myZivs A_©‰bwZK e¯‘i eë¯’vcbvi welqwU‡K Gi e›Ub eë¯’vcbvi welq †_‡K

Avjv`v K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e| cÖ_gwU DcKi‡Yi mv‡_ RwoZ Ges c‡iiwU wPšÍvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| Rxeb m¤ú‡K© `„wóf½x (GKwU Av`‡k©i wek¦vm)

Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o DVv wPšÍvi gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v Av‡jvwPZ n‡Z n‡e Ges A_©‰bwZK weÁvb‡K Aek¨B weÁvb wn‡m‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z

n‡e hvi mv‡_ Rxeb m¤ú‡K© `„wóf½xi †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| ZvB G‡ÿ‡Î A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v n‡”Q me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU welq| †Kbbv A_©‰bwZK

mgm¨v gvbeRvwZi Pvwn`v, G¸‡jv c~i‡Yi DcKiY Ges GB DcKiYmg~‡ni mØënvi‡K wN‡i AvewZ©Z nq| †h‡nZz DcKiYmg~n G gnvwe‡k¦

Aw ÍZ¡kxj, †m‡nZz G‡ì Drcv`b Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi †¶‡Î Acwinvh© †Kvb mgm¨v m„wó K‡i bv, eis gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRbB Zv‡K GB DcKiYmg~n‡K

Drcv`‡bi w`‡K ZvwoZ K‡i| Z‡e cÖK…Z mgm¨v we`¨gvb gvby‡li cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i gv‡S, A_©vr mgv‡R, hv Gme DcKiY‡K mØeënvi Kivi

e¨vcv‡i RbMY‡K my‡hvM †`qv wKsev wbqš¿b Av‡ivc Kivi Kvi‡Y m„ó nq| Gme DcKi‡Yi Dci gvby‡li gvwjKvbv m¤úwK©Z welq n‡Z m„ó|

GUvB n‡jv A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi wfwË hvi Aek¨B mgvavb cÖ‡qvRb| myZivs Dc‡hv‡Mi gvwjKvbv †_‡K A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi m„wó nq, Dc‡hvM

cÖ`vbKvix DcKi‡Yi Drcv`b †_‡K bq|

A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi wfwË

GKwU e¯‘ †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hvMB gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î †m e ‘i Dc‡hvwMZv‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i| Dc‡hvM yÕwU Dcv`v‡bi mgš‡q MwVZ|

GKwU n‡jv H we‡kl e¯‘i Rb¨ gvbyl KZUzKz ZvwM` Abyfe K‡i Ges wØZxqwU n‡jv e¯‘i g‡a¨ we`¨gvb †hvM¨Zv I gvby‡li Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi

mÿgZv hv we‡kl †Kvb e¨w³i Pvwn`vi wecixZ| G Dc‡hvM Avm‡Z cv‡i gvby‡li cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g, c‡Yï gva¨‡g A_ev Df‡qi gva¨‡g|

gvbexq cÖ‡Póvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q KvwqK I eyw×e„wËK kªg hv †m m¤ú` m„wó A_ev m¤úwË †_‡K Dc‡hvM jv‡fi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM K‡i| cY¨ kãwU Øviv

mØeënv‡ii Rb¨ µq, BRviv ev avi Kivi gva¨‡g AwaKv‡i _vKv †h †Kvb e¯‘‡K eySvq, †nvK †mUv †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g, †hgb: †Kvb Av‡cj ev

eënv‡ii gva¨‡g, †hgb: Mvwo, A_ev avi Kiv GKwU †gwkb‡K mØënvi Kiv ev GKwU evox‡K BRviv †bqv| m¤úwËi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q A_©, †hgb:

†mvbv ev iƒcv, cY¨ †hgb: †cvlvK cwi”Q` I Lv`¨ ªe¨ Ges ¯’vei m¤úwË, †hgb: evox ev KjKviLvbv Ges gvby‡li AwaKv‡i _vKv GiKg A‡bK

wKQy| †h‡nZz m¤úwË wb‡R †_‡KB gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq Ges gvby‡li cÖ‡Póv n‡jv m¤úwË AR©b ev Gi †_‡K Dc‡hvM cvIqvi gva¨g, †m‡nZz

m¤ú` n‡jv Dc‡hvM cÖvwßi wfwË I gvby‡li kªg n‡jv m¤úwË AR©‡b mg_©evb K‡i Zzjvi GKwU Dcvq gvÎ| myZivs cÖK…wZMZfv‡e gvbyl AwaKvi

Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ m¤úwË jv‡fi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| myZivs gvby‡li cÖ‡Póv Ges m¤úwË n‡jv cÖ‡qvRb †gUvevi DcKiY| G¸‡jv n‡jv m¤úwË hv

AR©b Kivi Rb¨ gvbyl cÖvYvšÍKi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| myZivs m¤ú` ej‡Z m¤úwË Ges gvby‡li cÖ‡Póv‡K GK‡Î eySvq|

e¨w³i m¤úwË jvf NU‡Z cv‡i A‡bï gva¨‡g, †hgb: Dcnvi wn‡m‡e m¤úwË jvf Kiv, A_ev cÖZ¨¶fv‡e, †hgb: KuvPvgv‡ji gvwjK nIqv| cY¨

AR©‡bi Acwinvh©Zv n‡Z cv‡i:

1. †fv‡Mi Rb¨, †hgb: GKwU Av‡cj AwaKv‡i _vKv

2. mØeënvi Kiv, †hgb: GKwU evoxi gvwjK nIqv

3. m¤úwË †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi AwaKvix nIqv, †hgb: GKwU evox BRviv Kiv

4. A_ev gvby‡li kªgj× Dc‡hv‡Mi AwaKvix nIqv, †hgb: GKRb ¯’cwZi bKkv

m¤ú‡ì gvwjK nIqvi aiY n‡jv- ¶wZc~i‡Yi gva¨‡g, †hgb: m¤úwË BRviv ev weµq Kiv Ges Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb, A_ev GUv ¶wZc~iY bq,

n‡Z cv‡i mvnvh¨, gÄyix, Dcnvi, DËivwaKvi A_ev FY| Z‡e A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v m„wó nq m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv jv‡fi †¶‡Î, wKš‘ m¤ú` m„wói

†¶‡Î bq| A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v m„wó nq gvwjKvbvi „wóf½x †_‡K, gvwjKvbvi g›` web¨vm †_‡K Ges †jvK‡ì gv‡S m¤ú‡ì Amg e›Ub †_‡K|

mgm¨v Ab¨ †Kvb welq †_‡K D™¢yZ nq bv Ges G welqwUi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM wbe× KivB A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi g~j wfwË|

A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v †h wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ Zv wZbwU g~jbxwZi mgš‡q MwVZ:

1. gvwjKvbv

2. gvwjKvbvi n ÍvšÍi (Disposal) Ges

3. †jvK‡ì gv‡S m¤ú‡ì e›Ub

A_©bxwZi cÖwZ Bmjv‡gi „wóf½x

m¤ú‡ì cÖwZ Bmjv‡gi `„wóf½x Gi mØënv‡ii cÖwZ `„wóf½xi †P‡q wfbœZi| †h DcKiY Dc‡hvM (Benefit) Drcv`b K‡i Zvi †P‡q

Dc‡hv‡Mi mË¡vwaKvix nIqvi welqwU‡K wfbœZi welq wn‡m‡e Bmjvg we‡ePbv K‡i| myZivs m¤úwË Ges gvby‡li kªg n‡jv m¤ú‡ì Dcv`vb ev

DcKiY, Ges GB DcKiYmg~n Dc‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i| Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z Rxe‡b G‡ì Aw ÍZ¡ I Drcv`b G‡ì eënvi I Dc‡hv‡Mi gvwjKvbv

jvf Kivi cÖkœ †_‡K wfbœZi| myZivs wKQy m¤ú‡ì mØënv‡ii †¶‡Î Bmjvg mivmwi n¯Í‡¶c K‡i‡Q, D`vniY¯iƒc GwU wKQy cY¨ h_v: g`

Ges g„Z Lv`¨`ªe¨‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q| GKBfv‡e GUv gvby‡li wKQy KvR †_‡K Dc‡hvM cvIqv‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q, †hgb: bvP Ges †ek¨ve„wË|

ZvQvov Bmjvg nvivg Lv`¨`ª‡eï eëmv Ges nvivg Kg©KvÛ m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ KvD‡K wb‡qvM cÖ`vb‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q| GwU nj m¤úwËi mØënvi

I gvby‡li kª‡gi †¶‡Î| Z‡e m¤úwË I gvby‡li kÖ‡gi gvwjK nIqvi †¶‡Î Bmjvg G‡K wbqš¿b Kivi Rb¨ AmsL¨ ûKzg w`‡q‡Q, †hgb:

wkKv‡ii ûKzg, f~wg cyYiæ×vi, BRviv, Drcv`b, DËivwaKvi, `vb Ges AwmqZ m¤úwK©Z ûKzgmg~n|

G¸‡jv n‡jv m¤ú‡ì mØënvi Ges Gi cÖv_wgK gvwjKvbvi welqvw`| m¤ú` Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î Bmjvg gvbyl‡K mvaviYfv‡e DcvR©‡bi Rb¨

cÖ‡Yvw`Z Kivi gva¨‡g Drmvn w`‡q‡Q| Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ KvwiMwi c×wZi Av‡jvPbv ev Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi †¶‡Î Bmjvg n Í‡¶c K‡iwb,

eis GUv‡K †jvK‡ì B”Qvi Dci b¨¯Í K‡i‡Q|

m¤úwËi Aw Í‡Z¡i †¶‡Î ejv hvq, GUv G c„w_ex‡Z cÖvK…wZKfv‡eB i‡q‡Q| gvby‡li cÖ‡qvR‡b Avjøvn myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv G¸‡jv‡K m„wó

K‡i‡Qb| Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv e‡jb,

ÒwZwbB †mB mË¡v whwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ hv wKQy Rwg‡b i‡q‡Q †m mg¯Í|Ó [m~iv evK¡viv: 29]

ÒwZwb Avjøvn& whwb mgy`ª‡K †Zvgv‡ì DcKviv‡_© AvqZ¡vaxb K‡i w`‡q‡Qb, hv‡Z Zvui Av‡`kµ‡g Zv‡Z RvnvR PjvPj K‡i Ges hv‡Z †Zvgiv

Zvui AbyMÖn Zvjvk K‡iv I Zvui cÖwZ K…ZÁ nI|Ó [m~iv Avj-Rvwmqv: 12]

wZwb (myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv) AviI e‡jb,

ÒGes AvqvZ¡vaxb K‡i w`‡q‡Qb †Zvgv‡ì, hv Av‡Q b‡fvgÛ‡j I hv Av‡Q f~gÛ‡j; Zvui c¶ †_‡K| wbðq G‡Z wPšÍvkxj m¤cÖ`v‡qi R‡b¨

wb`k©bvejx i‡q‡Q|Ó [m~iv Avj-Rvwmqv: 13]

Ges wZwb (myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv) AviI e‡jb,

Ògvbyl Zvi Lv‡`ï cÖwZ j¶¨ KiyK, Avwg Avðh© Dcv‡q cvwb el©Y K‡iwQ, Gici Avwg f~wg‡K we`xY© K‡iwQ| AZtci Zv‡Z Drcbœ K‡iwQ km¨,

AvOyi I kvK-mewR, hqZzb, †LRyi, Nb D`¨vb, dj Ges Nvm, †Zvgv‡ì I †Zvgv‡ì PZz®ú` Rš‘‡ì DcKviv‡_©|Ó [m~iv Avevmv: 24-32]

Ges wZwb (myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv) e‡jb,

ÒAvwg Zvu‡K †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ eg© wbg©vY wk¶v w`‡qwQjvg, hv‡Z Zv hy‡× †Zvgv‡ì‡K i¶v K‡i| AZGe †Zvgiv wK K…ZÁ n‡e?Ó [m~iv Avw¤^qv:

80]

ÒAvi Avwg bvwhj K‡iwQ †jŠn, hv‡Z Av‡Q cÖPÛ iYkw³ Ges gvby‡li eûwea DcKvi|Ó [m~iv nv`x`: 25]

Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv GBme Ges Ab¨vb¨ Avqv‡Z D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwbB m¤úwË Ges gvby‡li kªg‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb, Ges G¸‡jvi

mv‡_ m¤ú„³ _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb wKQy wb‡q wZwb Av‡jvPbv K‡ibwb; hv †_‡K eySv hvq †h, Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv m¤úwË I gvby‡li

cwikª‡gi mØënvi †`Lv‡bv Qvov G¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i n Í‡ÿc K‡ibwb| wZwb myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv m¤ú` m„wó‡ZI n Í‡¶c K‡ibwb; Ggb †Kvb

kvixÕAvn& `wjj †`Lv‡bv m¤¢eci bq †hLv‡b m¤ú` m„wói e¨vcv‡i n Í‡¶c Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡ëv Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB kvixÕAvn& m¤ú` AvniY I

gvby‡li cÖ‡Póv‡K DbœZZi Kivi welqwU gvby‡li Dci †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q| nv‡Zi gva¨‡g †LRyi Mv‡Qi civMvq‡bi e¨vcv‡i ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, ivm~jyjøvn &

(mvt) e‡jb,

Ò†Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡Ri e¨vcv‡i h‡_ó IqvwKenvj Av‡Qv|Ó GUvI ewY©Z Av‡Q †h gynv¤§` (mvt) A ¿ Drcv`‡bi †KŠkj †kLvi Rb¨

`yÕRb gymwjg‡K Bqv‡g‡bi Ryiv‡m †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb| GB D`vniYmg~n †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq †h, kvixÕAvn m¤ú` m„wói welqwU gvby‡li Dci Ac©Y

K‡i‡Q hv Zvi AwfÁZv I Áv‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i Drcvw`Z n‡e|

Gme †_‡K GUv ¯úó n‡q D‡V †h, Bmjvg A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi cÖwZ `„wó wbe× K‡i‡Q, A_©‰bwZK weÁv‡bi cÖwZ bq| GUv m¤ú‡ì eënvi, Ges

Zv n‡Z Dc‡hvM cÖvwßi c×wZ‡K Gi Av‡jvP¨ welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e wba©viY K‡i‡Q| GUv m¤ú` Drcv`b wKsev Dc‡hvM jv‡fi wewfbœ Dcv‡qi Dci

†gv‡UI Av‡jvKcvZ K‡iwb|

Bmjv‡g A_©‰bwZK bxwZ

A_©‰bwZK bxwZ n‡jv AvB‡bi j¶¨ hv gvby‡li welqvwì eë¯’vcbv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| Bmjv‡g A_©‰bwZK bxwZ n‡jv cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i Rb¨ me

†gŠwjK Pvwn`v‡K c~Y©v½iƒ‡c c~iY Kiv, Ges GKwU Av`wk©K mgv‡R emevmiZ GKRb e¨w³i Rb¨ Zvi mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx wejvm ªe¨ AR©‡bi my‡hvM

K‡i †`qv| A_©vr Bmjvg GKwU †`‡k emevmiZ †gvU Rb‡Mvôx‡K e¨w³mgwó wn‡m‡e wPšÍv bv K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³‡K GKKfv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i|

Zv‡K cÖ_gZ GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i hvi mKj †gŠwjK Pvwn`v m¤ú~Y© c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges AZ:ci we‡ePbv K‡i e¨w³ we‡kl

wn‡m‡e hv‡Z †m Zvi mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx wejvm`ªe¨ AR©‡bi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| GKBmgq Bmjvg Zv‡K Ggb GKRb e¨w³ wn‡m‡e †`‡L †h

Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ GKwU wbw ©ó ixwZ Abyhvqx wewfbœ m¤ú‡K©i gva¨‡g ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³| cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i c~Y©v½ AwaKv‡ii w`‡K `„wó wbe× bv K‡i

ïay †`‡ki gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœqb Kiv Bmjvgx A_©‰bwZK bxwZi j¶¨ bq| ïaygvÎ mgv‡R Pvwn`vmg~n c~i‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi

†hvMvb †`qvI bq, eis Gme DcKiY n‡Z mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx myweav †bqvi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K Zvi ¯vaxb B”Qvi Dci †Q‡o bv w`‡q cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki

Rxebavi‡Yi AwaKvi‡K wbivcËv cÖ`vb K‡i| GwU cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i mgm¨v‡K gvbexq mgm¨v wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i hviv GKwU m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨

Ave× †_‡K emevm K‡i| AZ:ci GKwU wbw ©ó RxebixwZ Abymv‡i Zvi Rxebgvb DbœZ K‡i Ges ¯v”Q›`¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K mvg_©ëvb K‡i

†Zv‡j| Gfv‡e GwU Ab¨vb¨ A_©‰bwZK bxwZi †P‡q Avjv`v|

gvby‡li Rb¨ A_©‰bwZK ûKzgmg~n cÖYq‡bi mgq, Bmjvg ûKzg¸‡jv‡K e¨w³i Rxebavi‡Yi AwaKvi Ges wejvmmvgMÖx AR©‡bi wbivcËvi mv‡_

m¤úK©hy³ K‡i‡Q, Ges GKB mg‡q GUv wbwðZ K‡i‡Q †h, mgv‡R GKwU we‡kl Rxebeë¯’v we`¨gvb| myZivs, Bmjvg GKwU mgvR †Kgb n‡e

†mUv we‡ePbvq Av‡b, Ges cvkvcvwk GKB mg‡q wbivc` RxweKv Ges wejvmmvgMÖx cÖvwßi my‡hvM wbwðZ K‡i| GKwU mgvR †Kgb n‡e G

e¨vcv‡i M„wnZ `„wóf½x‡KB †m RxweKv I mg„w× AR©‡bi †¶‡Î Zvi `„wóf½xi wfwË K‡i‡Q| myZivs, †h‡KD AvnKv‡g kvixÕAvn&-‡Z `„wócvZ

Ki‡j †`L‡Z cv‡e †h Zv c~Y©v½fv‡e Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ †gŠwjK AwaKvimg~n‡K (Abœ, e¯¿, evm¯’vb) wbwðZ K‡i‡Q| GUv

AwR©Z nq cÖ‡Z¨K m¶g e¨w³‡K KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ Kivi gva¨‡g, hv‡Z †m wb‡Ri Ges Zvi Dci wbf©ikxj‡ì †gŠwjK Pvwn`vmg~n c~iY Ki‡Z

cv‡i| Bmjvg KvR Ki‡Z A¶g wcZvgvZvi `vwqZ¡ Zv‡ì mšÍvb ev DËivwaKvix‡ì nv‡Z Ac©Y K‡i‡Q, Ges `vwqZ¡ †bqvi g‡Zv †KD bv _vK‡j

evqZzj gvj ev ivóªxq †KvlvMv‡ii Dci G `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y K‡i‡Q| Bmjvg Ggbfv‡e Zv K‡i‡Q hv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ Zvi wb‡Ri Ges Zvi Dci

wbf©ikxj‡ì †gŠwjK Pvwn`vmg~n Z_v ch©vß Lvevi, e¯¿ Ges evm¯’vb wbwðZ Kiv‡K Zvi Bmjvgx `vwqZ¡ g‡b K‡i| Ges AZtci mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx

wejvm`ªe¨ AR©‡bi cÖwZ DrmvwnZ nq|

wKQy we‡kl †¶Î ev‡` RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K Kiv‡ivc K‡i m¤ú` niY Kiv‡K Bmjvg wbwl× K‡i‡Q, †hgb: wRnv` ev ~wf©‡¶i mgq me gymwj‡gi

Dci Ki †`qv eva¨Zvg~jK n‡q hvq| Avi G Kiv‡ivc Kiv n‡e †m m¤úwËi Dci hv mvaviYZ GKRb e¨w³ Zvi †gŠwjK AwaKvi I

wejvmmvgMÖx c~i‡Yi ci DØ„Ë _v‡K| Gfv‡e GUv cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki RxweKv AR©‡bi AwaKvi c~iY K‡i Ges wejvmmvgMÖx AR©‡bi c_‡K myMg K‡i|

GQvov Bmjvg Zvi †gŠwjK AwaKvi I wejvmmvgMÖx DcvR©‡bi †¶‡Î wKQz wKQz wewawb‡la Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q Ges GKwU wbw ©ó ixwZi gva¨‡g Zvi

mv‡_ Ab¨‡ì m¤úK© eRvq †i‡L‡Q| †mKvi‡Y Bmjvg gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ g` Drcv`b‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q Ges GwU‡K A_©Kvix cY¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i

bv| Bmjvg iv‡óªi cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ my`‡K Ges †jb‡`‡bi mgq Gi eënvi‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q| Bmjvg gymwjg-Agymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l Kv‡iv

Rb¨B my`‡K A_©‰bwZK cY¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i bv| myZivs A_©‰bwZK c‡Yï mØënv‡ii Rb¨ Bmjvg †Kvb m¤úwË mØënv‡ii mgq GKwU mgvR

†Kgb n‡e Zv‡K †gŠwjK wfwË wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i|

Bmjvg GKR‡bi e¨w³ mË¡v‡K Zvi gvbexq mË¡v wKsev Zvi gvbexq mË¡v‡K Zvi e¨w³ mË¡v n‡Z Avjv`v K‡i bv| ZvQvov cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i †gŠwjK

Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi wbivcËv Ges wejvmvgMÖx AR©‡bi my‡hvM cÖ`vb‡K, GKwU mgvR †Kgb n‡e Zv n‡Z Avjv`v K‡ibv| eis, Bmjvg Pvwn`v c~iY Ges

mgvR †Kgb n‡e, GB `ywU welq‡K ci¯úi Awe‡”Q`¨ welq g‡b K‡i wKš‘ G‡ÿ‡Î mgvReë¯’vi aiY‡K †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi wfwË evwb‡q‡Q|

mKj †gŠwjK Pvwn`v¸‡jv‡K c~Y©v½fv‡e c~iY Ges wejvm`ªe¨ AR©‡b mÿg Kivi ¯v‡_©, A_©‰bwZK cY¨ mnRjf¨ Ki‡Z n‡e, Ges ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ

G¸‡jv‡K mnRjf¨ Kiv hv‡e bv hZ¶b ch©šÍ bv Zviv G¸‡jv AR©‡b cÖvYvšÍKi †Póv Pvjvq| myZivs, Bmjvg RbMY‡K DcvR©b, wiwhK A‡šlY

Ges c ÖwZ‡hvMxZvi AvnŸvb Rvbvq| Ges Bmjvg e¨w³i wb‡Ri Rb¨ Ges Zvi Dci wbf©ikxj evwK m`m¨‡ì fiY‡cvl‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K Kg©ÿg

e¨w³i Rb¨ wiwhK A‡šlY‡K dih K‡i‡Q|

Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv e‡jb:

ÒAZGe, †Zvgiv Zv‡Z wePiY K‡iv Ges Zuvi †`qv wiwhK Avnvi K‡iv|Ó [m~iv g~jK: 15]

Z‡e Gi A_© GB bq †h, Bmjvg m¤ú‡ì Drcv`b wKsev m¤ú‡ì Drcv`b I cwigvY e„w×i KvwiMix †KŠk‡ji w`‡K n Í‡ÿc K‡i‡Q| eis GwU

m¤úwË AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Q| m¤úwË AR©‡bi e¨vcv‡i DrmvwnZ K‡i A‡bK nv`xm G‡m‡Q|

GKwU nv`x‡m D‡jøL Av‡Q †h, ivm~jyjøvn& (mv:) mv` Be‡b gyÕAvR (iv.)-Gi mv‡_ nvZ †gjv‡jb Ges Zvi nvZ iæÿ †c‡jb| hLb ivm~j (mv:) G

e¨vcv‡i cÖkœ Ki‡jb, ZLb wZwb (iv.) ej‡jb: ÒAvwg cwiev‡ii fiY‡cvl‡Yi Rb¨ †ejPv w`‡q Lbb K‡iwQ|Ó ivm~j (mv:) Zvi nv‡Z Pzgy †L‡jb

Ges ej‡jb: ÒGB nvZØq‡K Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv cQ›` K‡ibÓ| hv Avj-kviLvwk Zvi Avj-gvemyZ-G eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Ges Avj-

eyLvix Avj-wgK`vg n‡Z eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h ivm~j (mv:) e‡j‡Qb: Ò¯xq nv‡Z DcvwR©Z Lv‡`ï †P‡q fvj Lvevi Avi †KD KLbI Lvqwb|Ó

ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, Dgi web Avj LvËve (iv.) wKQz †jvK‡K AwZµg KiwQ‡jb, hviv KyiÕAvb cvVKvix wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb Zv‡ì e‡m

_vK‡Z Ges gv_v †bvIqv‡Z †`‡L wR‡Ám Ki‡jb: ÒZviv †K?Ó Zv‡K ejv n‡jv: ÒGiv n‡”Q †m mg Í †jvK hviv Avjøvn myenvbvû Iqv

ZvÕAvjvÕi Dci fimv K‡i|Ó cÖZz¨Ë‡i Dgi (iv.) ej‡jb: Òbv, Zviv n‡jv †m mg Í †jvK hviv †jv‡K‡ì m¤úwË f¶Y K‡i| †Zvgiv wK PvI

Avwg Zv‡ì K_v ewj hviv mwZ¨Kvifv‡eB Avjøvn&Õi Dci wbf©i K‡i?Õ wZwb ej‡jb: ÒGiv n‡”Q †m mg Í †jvK hviv exR‡K f~wg‡Z ecb K‡i

Ges me©kw³gvb I civµgkvjx Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjvi Dci fimv K‡i|Ó

myZivs Gme AvqvZ Ges nv`xmmg~n wiwhK A‡šlY, m¤úwË AR©‡bi Rb¨ KvR Kivi e¨vcv‡i Drmvnx K‡i †hgbfv‡e G¸‡jv m¤úwËi †fvM Ges

fv‡jv Lv`¨MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i DrmvwnZ K‡i|


ÒAvcwb ejyb: Avjøvn&Õi mvR-m¾v‡K hv wZwb ev›`v‡ì R‡b¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges cweÎ Lv ªe¯‘mg~n‡K †K nvivg K‡i‡Q?Ó [Avj-AvivÕd: 32]

Ges

ÒAvjøvn& Zv‡ì‡K wb‡Ri AbyMÖ‡n hv `vb K‡i‡Qb Zv‡Z hviv K…cYZv K‡i, GB Kvc©Y¨ Zv‡ì Rb¨ g½jKi n‡e e‡j Zviv †hb aviYv bv K‡i|

eis GUv Zv‡ì c‡¶ GKvšÍB ¶wZKi cÖwZcbœ n‡e| hv‡Z Zviv Kvc©Y¨ K‡i †m mg Í ab-m¤c`‡K wKqvg‡Zi w`b Zv‡ì Mjvq †eox evwb‡q

civ‡bv n‡e| Avi Avjøvn& n‡PQb Avmgvb I hgx‡bi cig mË¡vwaKvix| Avi hv wKQy †Zvgiv Ki; Avjøvn& †m m¤c‡K© Rv‡bb|Ó [m~iv Avwj-Bgivb:

180]

Ges

Ò†n Cgvb`viMY! †Zvgiv ¯¦xq DcvR©b †_‡K Ges hv Avwg †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ f~wg †_‡K Drcbœ K‡iwQ, Zv †_‡K DrK…ó e¯‘ e¨q Ki Ges Zv †_‡K

wbK…ó wRwbm e¨q Ki‡Z gb¯’ K‡iv bv|Ó [myiv Avj evK¡viv: 267]

Ges

Ò†n gywgbMY, †Zvgiv Hme my¯¦v`y e¯‘ nvivg K‡iv bv, †hMy‡jv Avjøvn& †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ nvjvj K‡i‡QbÓ| [m~iv gvwqÕ`vn&: 87]

Ges

ÒAvjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv †hme e¯‘ †Zvgv‡ì‡K w`‡q‡Qb, Zb¥a¨ †_‡K nvjvj I cweÎ e¯‘ LvI Ges Avjøvn&-‡K fq Ki, hvi cÖwZ †Zvgiv

wek¦vmx|Ó [m~iv Avj-gvwqÕ`vn&: 88]

G AvqvZ I GRvZxq Ab¨vb¨ AvqvZmg~n ¯úófv‡e D‡jøL K‡i †h, A_©‰bwZK bxwZi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Hkx evYx ev Avn&Kv‡g kvixÕAvn&Õi j¶¨ nj

m¤úwË AR©b Kiv Ges DËg e¯‘ †fvM Kiv| myZivs Bmjvg e¨w³i Dci DcvR©b‡K eva¨Zvg~jK K‡i‡Q Ges DcvwR©Z m¤ú` †_‡K †fvM Kivi

wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Q hv‡Z K‡i iv‡óªi A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× nq, cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †gŠwjK AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv hvq Ges Zvi wejvm`ª‡eï Pvwn`v c ~iY Kiv hvq|

m¤ú` AR©b‡K mnRZi Kivi Rb¨, Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, Bmjvg †Kvb RwUjZv e¨wZ‡i‡K m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi Rb¨ c×wZ evZ‡j

w`‡q‡Qb| †mUv m¤ú` AR©‡bi c_‡K mnRZi K‡i‡Q| Bmjvg gvwjKvbv jv‡fi êa c_ I gvwjKvbv n ÍvšÍ‡ii Pzw³mg~n mymsÁvwqZ K‡i‡Q

Ges gvbyl †hme ixwZ I DcKiY cÖ‡qvM K‡i DcvR©b Ki‡Z Pvq †m e¨vcv‡i ¯vaxbZv w`‡q‡Q Ges m¤ú` Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î †Kvbiƒc n Í‡ÿc

K‡iwb|

êa Dcv‡q gvwjKvbv I Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Bmjvg wewea bxwZgvjv Ges AvBb m¤^wjZ mvaviY wb‡ ©kbv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Q, hv eû wel‡q c«‡qvM

Kiv hvq Ges hv ‡_‡K wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g eû ûKzg DrmvwiZ Kiv hvq|

myZivs Bmjvg KvR‡K eva¨Zvg~~jK K‡i‡Q, G wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ AvBb cÖYqb K‡i‡Q, Ges gvbyl‡K wewfbœ †ckv- KvVwg ¿x, Drcv`bKvix, KvwiMi,

eëmvqx cÖf„wZ nevi my‡hvM w`‡q‡Q| Dcnvi‡K Ggbfv‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q hvi mv‡_ wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g `vb ev Avw_©K mvnvh¨‡K gvwjKvbv

cÖvwßi Dcvq ejv hvq| Kg©ms ’vb‡K Ggbfv‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q hvi mv‡_ wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g DKvjwZ‡K Zzjbv Kiv hvq ¶wZc~iY cÖvwßi

mv‡_| myZivs Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, gvwjKvbv jv‡fi Dcvq Ges Pzw³mg~n mvaviYfv‡e kvixÕAvn& we¯Í…Zfv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Q Ges Ggbfv‡e

¯’vcb K‡i‡Q hv‡Z K‡i A‡bK mgmvgwqK welqmg~‡ni mgvavbI GLvb †_‡K cvIqv hvq, hwÌ G¸‡jv bZzb †Kvb ai‡bi †jb‡`b‡K Aby‡gv`b

†`q bv| kvixÕAvn& msÁvwqZ c×wZ‡ZB †jvK‡ì †jb‡`b Kiv‡K eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡q‡Q hv bZzb A‡bK NUbvi †¶‡ÎI cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|

myZivs gymwjgMY m¤ú` AR©‡bi †¶‡Î nvjvj DcvR©‡b cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i Ggb †Kvb evuav QvovB `„pfv‡e AMÖmi n‡e| Gfv‡e me e¨w³i

Rb¨ †gŠwjK AwaKvi c~iY Kiv m¤¢e| Bmjvg †KejgvÎ e¨w³‡K DcvR©b Ki‡Z e‡j bv, eis iv‡óªi me bvMwiK‡ì cÖ‡qvR‡b evqZzj gvj ev

ivóªxq †KvlvMvi‡K `vwqZ¡kxj n‡Z e‡j| †mKvi‡Y GUv kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e A¶g e¨w³i `vwqZ¡ †bqv‡K iv‡óªi KZ©e¨ g‡b K‡i| D¤§vn&Õi

Rb¨ †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii ms¯’vb Kiv Gi Ab¨Zg GKwU `vwqZ¡ g‡b K‡i, †Kbbv ivóª D¤§vn&Õi ZË¡veavb Ki‡Z eva¨|

Be‡b Dgi n‡Z eyLvix eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h ivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) e‡j‡Qb:

ÒBgvg n‡jb `vwqZ¡kxj (ivÕC) Ges wZwb me bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ `vwqZ¡kxj|Ó

iv‡óªi Dci kvixÕAvn& cÖ`Ë `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †¶‡Î kvixÕAvn& ivóª‡K we‡kl wKQz ivR¯ Av`vq Kivi `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y K‡i‡Q, †hgb: wRwhqv Ges

LvivR (f~wgKi); hvKvZI ivóªxq †KvlvMvi ev evqZzj gvj msMÖn K‡i _v‡K| D¤§vn&Õi Dci b¨¯Í `vwq‡Z¡i Rb¨ iv‡óªi A_© msMÖ‡ni AwaKvi

i‡q‡Q, †hgb: iv Ív ms¯‹vi, nvmcvZvj cÖwZôv Kiv, `wi ª †jvK‡K Lv`¨ †`qv Ges G RvZxq mewKQz|

kvixÕAvn& MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwËi eë¯’vcbvi `vq`vwqZ¡ ivóª‡K Ac©Y K‡i‡Q| kvixÕAvn& e¨w³‡K MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡

†_‡K Ae¨vnwZ w`‡q‡Q| KviY mvgwMÖK `vq`vwqZ¡ Bgv‡gi Ges G `vq`vwqZ¡ Bgvg Qvov Avi †Kvb mvaviY bvMwi‡Ki Dci eZ©vq bv hw` bv wZwb

Bgvg KZ©„K wbhy³ nb| cvwb, †Zj, †jvnv, Zvgv, Ges G RvZxq MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË D¤§vn&Õi ev RvwZi mg„w×i Rb¨ mØënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

KviY G m¤úwËi gvwjK nj D¤§vn&| ivóª eis G¸‡jvi cÖkvmwbK I Dbœq‡bi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i‡Q| hLb ivóª Znwej mieivn K‡i Ges †jvK‡ì

welqvw` ZË¡veav‡bi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i, Ges hLb cÖ‡Z¨K mvg_©ëvb e¨w³ m¤ú` DcvR©b K‡i ZLb e¨w³i †gŠwjK AwaKvi I wejvmmvgMÖxi

Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ e¨vcK m¤ú` myjf n‡q hvq|

ZvQvov, Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K mÿg e¨w³‡K DØy× Kiv, ivóªxq gvwjKvbv wba©viY Ges MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË wewb‡qvM Kivi gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZK

mg„w× AwR©Z nq, Ges GmeB n‡”Q Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Dcvq, m¤úwË cvIqvi Rb¨ cvIqv wKsev `vw¤¢KZv wKsev ¸bvn&Õi Kv‡R e¨‡qi Rb¨ wKsev

AnsKvi Ges wbh©vZ‡bi Rb¨ bq| GRb¨B ivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) e‡j‡Qb:

Ò†h e¨w³ nvjvjfv‡e Ges h_vh_ Dcv‡q wiwhK A‡šlY K‡i, cwiev‡ii cÖwZ D`vi, cÖwZ‡ekxi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj, †m c~Y© Puv‡ì b¨vq †Pnviv

wb‡q Avjøvn & myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjvÕi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡e; Ges †h e¨w³ D×Z¨ I evûj¨Zvi mv‡_ Zv A‡šlY Ki‡e †m Avjøvn&Õi mv‡_ hLb †`Lv

Ki‡e ZLb wZwb (myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv) Zvi cÖwZ ivMvwšZ _vK‡eb|Ó Avey ûivqiv (iv.) n‡Z Be‡b Avey kvqev Zvi gymvbœvd-G ewY©Z

K‡i‡Qb|

gymwjg gyZvi&wid-Gi eivZ w`‡q Ges gyZvi&wid Zvi wcZvi eivZ w`‡q eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h ivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) e‡j‡Qb: Ò†n Av`g m¯Ívb, Zzwg hv

LvI Ges e¨q K‡iv, hv cwiavb K‡iv Ges †d‡j `vI, Ges hv `vb K‡iv Ges wb‡Ri Rb¨ †i‡L `vI, ZvQvov Avi wK m¤ú` †Zvgvi _vK‡Z

cv‡i?Ó

me©kw³gvb Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv e‡jb:

ÒAce¨q K‡iv bv| wZwb Ace¨qx‡ì‡K cQ›` K‡ib bv|Ó [m~iv Avj-AvÕivd: 31]

Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvB m¤úwË AR©‡bi D‡Ïk¨, AnsKvi cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ bq| Avjøvn myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjvÕi ûKzg Abymv‡i

mvgwMÖKfv‡e A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vcbv Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK| GUv gvbyl‡K †m hv Avq K‡i †m¸‡jvi gva¨‡g AvwLivZ‡K A‡šlY Kivi wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Q

Ges êlwqK wel‡q Zvi wnm¨vi K_v fy‡j bv †h‡Z e‡j‡Q|


ÒAvjøvn& †Zvgv‡K hv `vb K‡i‡Qb, Zv Øviv ciKv‡ji M„n AbymÜvb K‡iv, Ges BnKvj †_‡K †Zvgvi Ask fz‡j †h‡qv bv| Zzwg AbyMÖn K‡iv,

†hgb Avjøvn& †Zvgvi cÖwZ AbyMÖn K‡i‡Qb Ges c„w_ex‡Z Ab_© m„wó Ki‡Z cÖqvmx n‡qv bv|Ó [m~iv Kvmvm: 77]

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi `k©b Abymv‡i, me A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛB Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjvÕi mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i wfwË‡Z, Zuvi cÖ`Ë wb‡ ©k Abyqvqx

cwiPvwjZ n‡Z n‡e| †h aviYvi Dci mgv‡R gymwjg‡ì welqvwì eë¯’vcbv cÖwZwôZ, Zv n‡jv- GKwU c~Y©v½ Øxb ev eë¯’v wn‡m‡e Avn&Kv‡g

kvixÕAvn& ev Hkx ûKzg Abymv‡i A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ‡K cwiPvjbv Kiv| iv‡óªi Ab¨ bvMwiK‡ì (Agymwjg) A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi eë¯’vcbvI

Hkx ûKz‡gi Øviv wbqwš¿Z| GUv Zv‡ì‡K Ggb wKQzi Aby‡gv`b †`q hv Bmjv‡g Aby‡gvw`Z Ges †mUv‡K wbwl× K‡i hv Bmjv‡g wbwl×|

Avjøvn& e‡jb:

Òivm~j †Zvgv‡ì‡K hv †`b, Zv MÖnY K‡iv Ges hv wb‡la K‡ib, Zv †_‡K weiZ _v‡Kv|Ó [m~iv nvki: 7]

Ges wZwb myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv e‡jb:

Ò†n gvbeKzj, †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Dc‡`k evYx G‡m‡Q †Zvgv‡ì ciIqvi‡`Mv‡ii c¶ †_‡K Ges AšÍ‡ii †iv‡Mi wbivgq|Ó [m~iv BDbym: 57]


Òhviv Zuvi (ivm~j mv: Gi) Av‡`‡ki weiæ×vPiY K‡i, Zviv G wel‡q mZK© †nvK †h, wech©q Zv‡ì‡K ¯ck© Ki‡e A_ev hš¿Yv`vqK kvw¯Í

Zv‡ì‡K MÖvm Ki‡e|Ó [m~iv b~i: 63]


ÒAvcwb Zv‡ì cvi¯cwiK e¨vcvivw`‡Z Avjøvn& hv bvwhj K‡i‡Qb Z`vbyhvqx dqmvjv KiybÓ [m~iv gvwqÕ`vn&: 49]

ZvK¡Iqvi wfwË‡Z gymwjg‡ì GB A_©‰bwZK bxwZi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨kxj _vK‡Z DØy× K‡i, Ges RbMY‡K ivóªxq AvB‡bi Aax‡b wbqš¿‡bi gva¨‡g

Bmjvg kvixÕAvn& cÖYxZ Gme ûKzgmg~‡ni ev Íevqb‡K wbivc` K‡i|


Ò†n Cgvb`viMY, †Zvgiv Avjøvn&‡K fq K‡iv Ges my‡ì †h mg Í e‡Kqv Av‡Q, Zv cwiZ¨vM K‡iv, hw` †Zvgiv Cgvb`vi n‡q _v‡Kv|Ó [m~iv

Avj-evK¡viv: 278]


Ò†n gywgbMY! hLb †Zvgiv †Kvb wbw ©ó mg‡qi R‡b¨ F‡Yi Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡iv, ZLb Zv wjwce× K‡i bvI|Ó [m~iv evK¡viv: 282]

hZ¶Y bv wZwb myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv e‡jb:

Ò... wKš‘ hw` Kvievi bM` nq, ci¯ci nv‡Z nv‡Z Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡iv, Z‡e Zv bv wjL‡j †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ †Kvb Awf‡hvM †bB|Ó [m~iv evK¡viv:

282]

Bmjvg Kxfv‡e G ûKzgmg~n ev Íevqb n‡e †m c×wZ eY©bv K‡i‡Q Ges Kxfv‡e †jv‡Kiv G ûKzgmg~n wbwðZfv‡e MÖnY Ki‡e ZvI wea„Z K‡i‡Q|

GUv cÖgvY K‡i †h, Bmjvgx A_©‰bwZK bxwZ GKwU wbw`©ó mgv‡R emevmiZ gvbyl wn‡m‡e cÖwZwU e¨w³i Pvwn`v c~iY I †m Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨

m¤ú` DcvR©‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V| Bmjvgx A_©‰bwZK bxwZI GKwU wPšÍvi Dci cÖwZwôZ Ges Zv n‡jv me KvR Hkx ûKzg Abymv‡i

ev Íevqb Kiv| cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³‡K Avjøvn&Õi fq Øviv D×z× K‡i Ges ivóª KZ…©K RbM‡Yi weKvk cÖwµqv I AvBb cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g GwU ev¯ÍevwqZ

nq|

mvaviY A_©‰bwZK g~jbxwZ

A_©bxwZi mv‡_ mswkøó Hkx ûKzgmg~n we‡kølY Ki‡j GUv cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Bmjvg †jvK‡ì m¤ú‡ì mØënvi Kivi j‡¶¨ mg_© K‡i †Zvjvi

welqwU‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i‡Q| mgv‡Ri A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †¶‡Î GUvB n‡jv Bmjv‡gi `„wóf½x| hLb A_©bxwZi K_v Av‡m ZLb

cÖv_wgKfv‡e Zv m¤ú` AR©b, Gi n ÍvšÍi I RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Zv e›U‡bi K_v e‡j|

A_©bxwZi mv‡_ weRwoZ ûKzgmg~n wZbwU g~jbxwZi Dci cÖwZwôZ:

1. cÖv_wgK gvwjKvbv

2. gvwjKvbvi n ÍvšÍi (Disposal)

3. Ges RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ m¤ú‡ì e›Ub

gvwjKvbvi †¶‡Î mË¡vwaKvix n‡jb Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv| †Kbbv wZwb n‡jb mgMÖ wek¦eª¶&ªv‡Ûi GK”QÎ AwacwZ (gvwjK Avj gyjK)|

wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi gva¨‡g wZwb †NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb †h, m¤úwËi gvwjK n‡jb wZwb|

wZwb (myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv) e‡jb:

ÒAvjøvn& †Zvgv‡ì‡K †h, A_©-Kwo w`‡q‡Qb, Zv †_‡K Zv‡ì‡K `vb K‡iv|Ó [m~iv b~i: 33]

myZivs m¤úwËi GKK gvwjK n‡jb Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv| Z‡e wZwb gvbyl‡K G¸‡jvi ZË¡veavqK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡q‡Qb, Zv‡K GwU

`vb K‡i‡Qb Ges gvbyl‡K G¸‡jvi gvwjKvbv jv‡fi AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|


ÒwZwb †Zvgv‡ì‡K hvi DËivwaKvix K‡i‡Qb, Zv †_‡K e¨q K‡iv|Ó [m~iv nv`x`: 7]


Ò†Zvgv‡ì ab-m¤c` I mšÍvb mšÍwZ evwo‡q w`‡ebÓ| [m~iv b~n: 12]

¯úóZB hLb wZwb m¤ú‡ì Drm m¤ú‡K© e‡jb ZLb Gi gvwjKvbv wb‡Ri DciB Ac©Y K‡ib Ges wZwb e‡jb:

Ò...Avjøvn& †Zvgv‡ì‡K †h A_©-Kwo w`‡q‡Qb...Ó [m~iv b~i: 33]

AZtci Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv gvby‡li Kv‡Q m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii welqwU D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb; wZwb Zv‡ì‡K m¤úwË cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb Ges e‡jb:

ÒZv‡ì nv‡Z Zv‡ì m¤c` cÖZ¨vc©Y K‡iv|Ó [m~iv wbmv: 6]

Ges

ÒZv‡ì gvjvgvj †_‡K hvKvZ MÖnY K‡iv|Ó [m~iv ZvIev: 103]

Ges

ÒZ‡e †Zvgiv wb‡Ri g~jab †c‡q hv‡e| Ó [m~iv evK¡viv: 279]

Ges

Ò†Zvgv‡ì AwR©Z ab-m¤c`Ó [m~iv ZvIev: 24]

Ges

ÒZLb Zvi m¤c` Zvi †KvbB Kv‡R Avm‡e bv|Ó [m~iv Avj-jvBj: 11]

Avjøvn&Õi cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K m¤ú‡ì cÖwZ mKj gvby‡li gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| Z‡e GUv mwZ¨Kv‡ii gvwjKvbv bq, eis ïaygvÎ

gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi| GKRb e¨w³i mwZ¨Kv‡ii gvwjKvbv ZLbB wbwðZ nq hLb gvwjKvbvi Bmjvgx kZ©vejx c~iY nq, A_©vr Avjøvn& myenvbvû

Iqv ZvÕAvjvÕi Aby‡gv`b| myZivs m¤úwËi mwZ¨Kv‡ii gvwjKvbv ZLbB m¤¢eci nq, hLb GKRb e¨w³ †Kvb m¤úwË AR©‡bi Rb¨ Zvi cÖf~i

Aby‡gv`b cvq| GB Aby‡gv`b n‡jv GKRb e¨w³ m¤úwËi gvwjK n‡Z cv‡i G e¨vcv‡i GKwU mywbw`©ó `wjj| mg Í gvbeRvwZ‡K gvwjKvbvi ¯Z¡

cÖ`vb Kiv AvÕg ev mvaviY `wjj Øviv cÖgvwYZ Ges GUv gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi‡K cÖgvY K‡i| GKRb e¨w³‡K †Kvb m¤úwËi mwZ¨Kv‡ii gvwjKvbv

c Ö`vb Kivi Rb¨ mywbw`©ó Aby‡gv`b cÖ‡qvRb hv e¨w³‡K AvBbcÖ‡YZv A_©vr Avjøvn& myenvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv, cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|

AvBbcÖ‡YZv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv †mLv‡bB Kvh©Ki †hLv‡b GKRb e¨w³ AvBb`vZv KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z gvwjKvbv jv‡fi cš’vi

†Kvb GKwUi gva¨‡g Zv AwaKvi K‡i _v‡K| Avey `vD` eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h, ivm~jyjøvn (mvt) e‡jb:

Ò†h e¨w³ GKwU †`qv‡ji gva¨‡g GKLÛ Rwg‡K wN‡i †d‡j, GwU Zvi n‡q hvq|Ó

GQvov cy‡iv D¤§vn&Õi gvwjKvbvq i‡q‡Q MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË| Avn&gv` gynvRxi‡ì GK e¨w³i KvQ †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h, ivm~jyj øvn& (mvt)

e‡jb:

ÒRbMY wZbwU wel‡q Askx`vi: cvwb, PviYf~wg I Av¸b|Ó

ZvQvov ivóªxq gvwjKvbvI i‡q‡Q| hLb †Kvb Iqvwik Qvov GKRb gymwjg gviv hvb ZLb Zvi m¤úwË ivóªxq †KvlvMvi ev evqZzj gv‡j P‡j hvq|

LvivR I wRwhqv †_‡K hvB msM„nxZ n‡e, ZvB †KvlvMv‡ii Ask| ivóªxq m¤úwËi eënvi iv‡óªi GLwZqvify³|

e¨w³MZ, MYgvwjKvbvaxb Ges ivóªxq m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv jv‡fi cÖwµqv mswkøó Bmjvg kvixÕAvn& ûKz‡gi gva¨‡g wbw ©ó K‡i‡Q| Gi evB‡i †h

†Kvb cÖwµqv wbwl×|

m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv n ÍvšÍ‡ii †¶‡Î RbM‡Yi c¶ †_‡K Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e ivóª MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwËi `vwqZ¡fvi MÖnY K‡i| Z‡e ivóª

KZ…©K MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwËi `wjj wKsev ¯Z¡‡K wewbgq (Exchange) A_ev gÄyi (Grant) Bmjvg wbwl× K‡i‡Q| G `yÕwU ev‡` Ab¨

†h‡Kvb Dcv‡q MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwËi n ÍvšÍi Aby‡gvw`Z Ges Zv kvixÕAvn& ûKz‡gi wfwË‡Z n‡Z n‡e|

e¨w³MZ I ivóªxq m¤úwËi n ÍvšÍi evqZzj gvj I †jb‡`‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó ûKz‡gi gva¨‡g Kiv nq, †hgb: weµq Kiv ev eÜK ivLv| Bmjvg

e¨w³MZ I ivóªxq m¤úwË‡K kvixÕAvn& ûKz‡gi wfwË‡Z wewbgq (Exchange) A_ev gÄy‡ii (Grant) gva¨‡g n ÍvšÍ‡ii Aby‡gv`b w`‡q‡Q|

gvwjKvbv Ges Pzw³i gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ ¯vfvweKfv‡e m¤úwËi e›Ub Kiv nq| gvby‡li mvg_©¨ Ges Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi cÖeYZvi g‡a¨

¯vfvweK cv_©‡Kï ìæY Zv‡ì gv‡S m¤úwËi e›U‡bi †¶‡Î cv_©K¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Gi d‡j êlg¨c~Y© e›Ub n‡Z cv‡i Ges m¤ú` mvgvb¨ wKQz

†jv‡Ki Kv‡Q Kzw¶MZ n‡q Abïv ewÂZ n‡Z cv‡i| ¯Y© I †iŠc¨ gRy‡Zi NUbvI NU‡Z cv‡i, hv gy`ªv wewbg‡qi gva¨g| †mKvi‡Y Bmjvg

†KejgvÎ abx‡ì gv‡S m¤ú` AvewZ©Z nIqv‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q| eis Bmjvg ev¯ÍweKfv‡e m¤ú` mevi g‡a¨ AvewZ©Z nIqv‡K eva¨Zvg~jK

K‡i‡Q| Bmjvg ¯^Y© I †iŠc¨ gRyZ Kiv‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q, GgbwK Gi Dci hvKvZ c«`vb Kiv n‡jI|

Aa¨vq 3: gvwjKvbvi cÖKvi‡f` (e¨w³ gvwjKvbv)

gvb‡li ¯vvfvweK cÖebZv n‡”Q, †m Zvi Afve ci‡Yi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z Pvq I m¤ú‡ì AwaKvix n‡Z Pvq Ges GB m¤ú` AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ †m

†Rvi cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q hvq| gvby‡li Afve c~iY GKwU Acwinvh© welq, hv †_‡K wb‡R‡K †m wbe„Ë ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| GQvovI, gvby‡li cÖK…wZi Ask

wn‡m‡e m¤ú` AR©‡bi welqwUI Awbevh© n‡q c‡o| m¤ú` AR©‡bi †¶‡Î cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó Kiv I Gi cwigvY‡K mxgve× K‡i †`qvi †h

†Kvb cÖ‡Póv gvby‡li cÖK…wZi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K n‡e| AZGe, gvbyl I Zvi m¤ú` AR©‡bi ¯ú„nvq evav m„wó Kiv wKsev e¨w³ I Zvi m¤ú` msMÖ‡ni

cÖ‡Póvi gv‡S Ae ’vb †bqv cÖK…wZ weiæ× n‡e|

hvB †nvK, m¤ú` AR©b, GB D‡Ï‡k¨ K‡Vvifv‡e cÖ‡Póv Kiv wKsev Gi wewjeë¯’vi welqwU gvby‡li B”Qvi Dci †Q‡o †`qv DwPZ bq, †Kbbv

GwU Awbó I `yb©xwZi KviY n‡Z cv‡i hv ˆbivR¨ I wek„•Ljvi Rb¥ w`‡Z cv‡i| m¶gZv Ges cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î gvby‡li g‡a¨ †f`v‡f`

_vKvi ìæb GB welqwU Aek¨¤¢vex n‡q c‡o| hw` G welqwU Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì Dci †Q‡o †`qv nq Z‡e ïaygvÎ ÿgZvevb e¨w³iv m¤ú` AR©b

Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges `ye©j e¨w³iv ewÂZ n‡e, Amy¯’ I Amg_©¨ e¨w³iv wbwðý n‡q hv‡e Ges †jvfxi msL¨v gvÎvwZwi³fv‡e †e‡o hv‡e| AZGe,

m¤ú` AR©b Ges GB D‡Ï‡k¨ msMÖv‡g wjß nIqvi welqwU Ggb cÖwµqvq n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i Zv mKj gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi welqwU

wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB cÖwµqvwUi GwUI wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †h, gvby‡li g‡a¨ wejvm-`ªe¨vw` AR©‡bi †h AvKv•Lv i‡q‡Q ZvI c~iY Kiv m¤¢eci

nq| GKvi‡Y GB m¤ú` AR©‡bi welqwU‡K GKwU mywbw`©ó c×wZi g‡a¨ mxgve× K‡i †`qv DwPZ hvi gva¨‡g m¶gZv I cÖ‡qvR‡bi †ÿ‡Î gvby‡l

gvby‡l †f`v‡f` _vKv m‡Ë¡I mK‡j mn‡R m¤ú` AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB c×wZwU gvby‡li cÖK„wZi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i gvbyl Zvi

†gŠwjK Pvwn`vmg~n c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges gvbyl‡K Zvi wejvm mvgMÖx AR©‡bi AvKv•Lv c~i‡YI mÿg K‡i †Zv‡j| myZivs, m¤ú‡ì cÖK…wZ

Abymv‡i gvwjKvbv wba©viY Kiv Riæix Ges gvwjKvbv iwnZKi‡Yi welqwU cÖwZnZ Kiv Acwinvh©, KviY GwU gvby‡li cÖK…wZi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K|

GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbvB †Kej AR©b Kiv hv‡e Ñ G welqwUI †iva Kiv Riæix, †Kbbv GUv gvbyl‡K m¤ú` AR©‡bi cÖ‡Póv †_‡K

weiZ iv‡L hv gvbe cÖK…wZi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| gvwjKvbvi ¯vaxbZv‡KI wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e, †Kbbv Gi gva¨‡g cvc I `~b©xwZi Rb¥ nq hv

gvby‡li g‡a¨ we¯Ívi jvf K‡i Ges wech©q m„wóKvix m¤ú‡K©i m~ÎcvZ K‡i| Bmjvg e¨w³ ch©v‡qi gvwjKvbv‡K Aby‡gv`b †`q Ges Gi cwigvY

wba©viY bv K‡i gvby‡li cÖK„wZ Abymv‡i GwU AR©‡bi cÖwµqv‡K mywbw ©ó K‡i †`q| GUv gvby‡li ga¨Kvi m¤úK©¸‡jv‡K mymsMwVZ K‡i hv‡Z K‡i

gvbyl Zvi Afvemg~n c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i|

e¨w³ gvwjKvbvi msÁv

e¨w³ gvwjKvbvi weavb n‡”Q GKwU Hkx ûKzg hv m¤ú` wKsev cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi wfwË‡Z we‡ewPZ nq, m¤ú‡ì gvwjK‡K m¤ú` mØënv‡ii Ges

Gi ÿqÿwZi Rb¨ ¶wZc~iY cvIqvi AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i| D`vniY¯iæc: GUv n‡Z cv‡i GK UzK‡iv iæwU I GKwU evoxi Dci †Kvb e¨w³i

gvwjKvbv| iæwUi UzK‡ivi gvwjKvbvi gva¨‡g †m GwU †L‡Z cv‡i ev weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKBfv‡e evoxi gvwjKvbvi gva¨‡g †m Zv‡Z emevm

Ki‡Z cv‡i ev weµq K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| yÕwU D`vni‡Yi †ÿ‡ÎB GK UzK‡iv iæwU I evox m¤úwË wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i Hkx

ûKzg n‡”Q †h, AvBbcÖ‡YZv G¸‡jv †fvM Kivi gva¨‡g cÖvß Dc‡hvM ev wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi Aby‡gv`b w`‡q‡Qb| mØënv‡ii

Aby‡gv`‡bi A_© nj gvwjK iæwUi UzK‡ivwU f¶Y Ki‡Z cv‡i I evox‡Z emevm Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges PvB‡j wewµI K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| m¤úwË wn‡m‡e

we‡ewPZ iæwUi UzK‡ivi †¶‡Î kvixÕAvn& ûKzg n‡”Q †h GwU‡K †fvM Kivi Aby‡gv`b i‡q‡Q| evoxi †¶‡Î kvixÕAvn& ûKzgwU we‡ewPZ nq evox

n‡Z cÖvß Dc‡hvM Øviv, Avi Zv n‡”Q G‡Z emev‡mi Aby‡gv`b| myZivs gvwjKvbv ej‡Z eySvq m¤úwËi mØënvi Kivi Rb¨ AvBbcÖ‡YZvi

Aby‡gv`b| GB „wó‡Kvb Abyhvqx, hw` AvBbcÖ‡YZv GwU‡K Ges Gi DcKiY‡K Aby‡gv`b bv †`q Z‡e gvwjKvbv cÖwZwôZ n‡e bv| m¤úwËi

gvwjKvbv jv‡fi AwaKvi m¤úwË n‡Z wKsev Gi DcKvix ev ÿwZKi êwkó¨ n‡Z D™¢zZ nq bv| eis GwU AvBbcÖ‡YZvi Aby‡gv`b n‡Z Ges

†Kvb GKwU m¤ú` AvBbm½Zfv‡e AR©‡bi cš’v¸‡jvi †ÿ‡Î Zuvi (mye&nvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv) cÖ`Ë êaZv n‡Z D™¢zZ nq| Gi gva¨‡g AvBbcÖ‡YZv

wKQz wRwb‡mi gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb Ges Ab¨vb¨ wRwb‡mi gvwjKvbv AR©b‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Qb| wZwb (mye&nvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv) wKQz

Pzw³‡K êaZv w`‡q‡Qb Ges Ab¨¸‡jv‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Qb| GKvi‡Y AvBbcÖ‡YZv gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ g` I k~K‡ii gvwjKvbv wbwl× K‡i‡Qb Ges

my` I Ryqvi gva¨‡g m¤ú` AR©b‡K Bmjvgx iv‡óªi †h‡Kvb bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ A‰ea †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb (mye&nvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv) †ePv‡Kbv‡K

Aby‡gv`‡bi gva¨‡g G‡K nvjvj K‡i‡Qb Ges my`‡K wbwl×, A_©vr nvivg †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ÕAvbvb (e¨w³ I Avw_©K Askx`vix‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z

cÖwZwôZ Kvievi)-Gi Aby‡gv`b w`‡q‡Qb Ges mgevq, †hŠ_g~jabx Kvievi I exgv‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Qb|

êa gvwjKvbv kZ©mv‡cÿ Ges GwU n ÍvšÍ‡i cÖwZeÜKZv i‡q‡Q| gvwjKvbv †Kvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi ¯v_© wKsev m¤cÖ`v‡qi Ask I mgv‡R emevmiZ

†Kvb e¨w³i ¯v‡_© n Í‡ÿc Kiv DwPZ bq| gvwjKvbvcÖvß †Kvb m¤úwË mØënv‡ii welqwU †KejgvÎ AvBbcÖ‡YZvi Aby‡gv`‡bi gva¨‡gB Avm‡Z

cv‡i hv wZwb Inxi gva¨‡g gvbyl‡K `vb K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb GKwU e¯‘i gvwjKvbv nj mgv‡Ri †Kvb e¨w³i Rb¨ AvBbcÖ‡YZv KZ…©K cÖ`Ë eivÏ,

Ges Aby‡gvw`Z cš’v¸‡jv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e Zvi Rb¨ Gi gvwjKvbv AR©b êa bq|

†Kvb m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbvi A_© nj m¤úwËi Ges †mUv †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi gvwjKvbv jvf Kiv| gvwjKvbvi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ nj kvixÕAvn& wbavwiZ

c‡_ m¤úwËi mØeënvi wbwðZ Kiv|

e¨w³ gvwjKvbvi msÁvi Av‡jv‡K GUv eySv hvq †h, gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi AvBbMZ cš’v i‡q‡Q| GUvI eySv hvq †h, GB gvwjKvbv n ÍvšÍ‡ii Rb¨

Ges ¯Z¡vwaKv‡i _vKv e¯‘mg~n mØënv‡ii RbÏ mywbw`©ó c×wZ i‡q‡Q|

AZGe, Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv n‡Z †hme welq e¨w³ gvwjKvbvi AwaKv‡ii mv‡_ mvsNwl©K wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq †m¸‡jv †evSv †h‡Z cv‡i| myZivs,

AvBbcÖ‡YZv KZ…©K cÖ`Ë msÁv Abymv‡i gvwjKvbv AwR©Z nIqvi cÖK…Z A_© n‡”Q- AwaKvi jvf Kivi Rb¨ Ges †mB mv‡_ Gi mØënv‡ii Rb¨

cÖvYvšÍKi cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv, Avi GwU‡KB gvwjKvbvi cÖK…Z msÁv wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| wfbœ k‡ã ejv hvq †h, gvwjKvbvi cÖK…Z msÁvB gvwjKvbvi

cÖK…Z A_© wb‡`©k K‡i|

gvwjKvbvi A_©

e¨w³ gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi n‡”Q ¯’vei I A¯’vei m¤úwËi gvwjKvbvi AwaKvix e¨w³i AvBbMZ AwaKvi| AvBb cÖ‡qvM I mgvR‡K Bmjvgx wPšÍvi

wfwË‡Z M‡o †Zvjvi gva¨‡g GB AwaKvi msiw¶Z I wba©vwiZ nq| kvixÕAvn& KZ…©K wba©vwiZ Avw_©K g~j¨ en‡bi cvkvcvwk gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi

GUvI wb‡`©k K‡i †h, `L‡j _vKv AwR©Z m¤úwËi Dc‡i e¨w³i wbqš¿Y i‡q‡Q| †hfv‡e wb‡Ri Hw”QK Kg©Kv‡Ûi Dci e¨w³i wbqš¿Y i‡q‡Q,

wVK GKBfv‡e †m PvB‡j Zvi wb‡Ri AwaKv‡i _vKv m¤úwË n ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i| AZGe, gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi Avjøvn& (mye&nvbvû Iqv ZvAvÕjv)

cÖ`Ë ûKzg I wb‡lavÁvi mxgvi g‡a¨B wba©vwiZ nq|

gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi wba©vibKvix AvBbx cÖwµqvq gvwjKvbv wba©vi‡Yi welqwU my¯úó Ges Gi Øviv kvw¯Íi cÖ‡qvM n‡e wK n‡e bv †mB wm×všÍI

†bqv nq| Gi D`vniY nj †PŠh©e„wË, WvKvwZ I A‰eafv‡e m¤úwË ni‡Yi msÁv| GB gvwjKvbv wba©vi‡Yi welqwU gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii AwaKv‡ii

g‡aÏ my¯úó, G‡Z wKQz wKQz †ÿ‡Î n ÍvšÍi Aby‡gvw`Z I Ab¨vb¨ wKQz †ÿ‡Î wbwl× Ges Gme NUbvi msÁvq I †ÿÎmg~‡ni cÖKvi‡f` I

ewntcÖKv‡ki g‡aÏ GwU my¯úó| hLb Bmjvg gvwjKvbv wba©viY K‡i, ZLb Zv cwigv‡Yi wfwË‡Z Kiv nq bv eis Gi ai‡bi ev cÖK…wZi Dci

wfwË K‡i Kiv nq| wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv‡Z GUv cwi®‹vi n‡q‡Q:

1. Kx cwigvY m¤ú` AwR©Z n‡q‡Q Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i bq eis Bmjv‡g gvwjKvbv wba©vwiZ nq m¤ú` AR©b I wewb‡qv‡Mi cš’vi wfwË‡Z|

2. GwU m¤ú` n ÍvšÍ‡ii cÖwµqv wba©viY K‡i w`‡q‡Q|

3. LvivRx f~wg ivóªxq gvwjKvbvaxb, e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb bq|

4. wKQy wKQz †¶‡Î eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e e¨w³MZ m¤úwË MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË‡Z iƒcvšÍi n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|

5. Afve c~i‡Yi Rb¨ †hme gvby‡li h‡_ó m¤ú` †bB †mme gvbyl‡ì‡K ivóª cÖ‡qvR‡bi wbwi‡L Aby`vb cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

GUv Acwinvh© †h, e¨w³MZ m¤úwËi gvwjKvbvi AvBbMZ AwaKvimg~n wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ GKwU mywbw`©ó KZ…©cÿ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| AvBb

e¨w³ch©v‡qi gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi‡K myiwÿZ ivLvi `vwqZ¡ iv‡óªi Dci Ac©Y K‡i‡Q| GwU gvwjKvbvi gh©v`v, myi¶v I Gi cÖwZ AvMÖvmb‡K

cÖwZnZ Kivi welq¸‡jv‡K mywbwðZ K‡i‡Q| AvB‡bi g‡a¨ kvw¯Íi weavb †i‡L Aciva‡K wbiærmvwnZ Kivi welqwU AšÍfy©³ K‡i‡Q, Ges hviv

Pzwi, WvKvwZ A_ev Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e GB AwaKvi j•Nb K‡i Zv‡ì Dci GwU c‡qvM Kiv nq| mgvR‡K Bmjvgx wPšvi wfwË‡Z M‡o †Zvjvi

cÖwµqv PjvKvjxb mg‡q GB wel‡qi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv nq hv‡Z gvbyl Zvi AwaKvi ewnf©~Z Dcv‡q †Kvb wKQz AR©‡bi evmbv †cvlY bv

K‡i, A_©vr hv A‡bï AwaKv‡i Av‡Q Zvi w`‡K jvjmvi „wó cÖmvwiZ bv K‡i| myZivs, nvjvj ev êa m¤úwË wn‡m‡e †mUvB we‡ewPZ n‡e hv

gvwjKvbvi msÁvi g‡a¨ c‡o Ges †Kvb A‰ea (nvivg) m¤úwË gvwjKvbvi Aax‡b Avm‡e bv I GwU gvwjKvbvi msÁvi g‡aÏ c‡o bv|

m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv jv‡fi cš’v

hv AwaKv‡i †bqv hvq ZvB m¤ú`, G‡ÿ‡Î Gi cÖK…wZ †Kvb we‡eP¨ welq bq| m¤ú` AR©‡bi cš’v¸‡jvB n‡”Q †mB KviY hv cÖviw¤¢K chv©‡q

e¨w³‡K m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv cÖ`vb K‡i| †Kvb cÖKv‡ii wewbgq‡K m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv jv‡fi cš’v wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv| GwU ïaygvÎ

m¤úwËi Askwe‡kl wn‡m‡e †Kvb cY¨ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Av‡iKwU c‡Yï gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi Dcvq, Avi G‡ÿ‡Î m¤úwË g~jZt AwR©ZB _v‡K Ges

Gi wKQz Askwe‡k‡li wewbgq nq| m¤ú` wewb‡qvM, †hgb: eëmvi jf¨vsk, evoxi fvov, wKsev dmj Ñ G¸‡jvI GKBfv‡e m¤ú` AR©‡bi cš’v

wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq bv| hwÌev GB wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g bZzb wKQz m¤ú‡ì m„wó n‡”Q Z_vwc GB m¤ú` Ab¨ GKwU m¤úwË †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q‡Q,

myZivs wewb‡qvM n‡”Q m¤ú` e„w×i GKwU cš’v, m¤ú` AR©‡bi cš’v bq| Avgv‡ì Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡”Q m¤ú‡ì cÖviw¤¢K gvwjKvbv AR©b, wfbœ

k‡ã: cÖK…Z m¤ú` AR©b|

gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi Dcvq Ges BwZg‡a¨B gvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË wewb‡qv‡Mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ n‡”Q: cÖK…Z m¤úwË Avni‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgKfv‡e m¤ú`

AR©b ev AwaKvi KivB nj gvwjKvbv AR©b| Ab¨w`‡K, gvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË wewb‡qv‡Mi A_© nj AwaKv‡i ev `L‡j _vKv m¤úwË e„w× cvIqv|

G‡ÿ‡Î BwZg‡a¨B m¤úwË AwaKv‡i ev `L‡j i‡q‡Q, Z‡e Zv wewb‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges e„w× †c‡q‡Q| m¤ú` AR©b Ges gvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwËi

wewb‡qvM Ñ Df‡qi e¨vcv‡i kvixÕAvn& ûKzg we`¨gvb| weµq I BRviv Pzw³i mv‡_ mswkøó ûKzgmg~n wewb‡qv‡Mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Ges wkKvi I

bxie Askx`vwi‡Z¡i gZ Kv‡Ri mv‡_ mswkøó ûKzgmg~n m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| GKBfv‡e, gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi cš’v¸‡jvB

cÖK…Z m¤ú` AR©‡bi gva¨g| Avi gvwjKvbvq _vKv m¤úwË wewb‡qv‡Mi cš’v¸‡jvB m¤ú` e„w×i gva¨g, hv BwZg‡a¨B gvwjKvbv jv‡fi †Kvb

GKwU cš’vi gva¨‡g AwR©Z n‡q‡Q|

m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbvi Rb¨ Hkx KviY we`¨gvb, hv AvBbcÖ‡YZv mywbw`©ó wKQz Dcv‡qi g‡a¨ mxgve× K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| GB KviYmg~‡ni †¶‡Î

mxgvjsNb Kiv hv‡e bv| AZGe, m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi cš’v¸‡jv kvixÕAvn& cÖ`Ë ûKz‡gi g‡a¨ mxgve×| m¤ú` A_ev cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi

wfwË‡Z we‡ewPZ mywba©vwiZ ûKzg ev ûKzg kvixÕAvn& wn‡m‡e c~‡e© D‡jøwLZ m¤úwËi msÁvbymv‡i m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv jv‡fi Rb¨ AvBbcÖ‡YZvi

Aby‡gv`b cÖ‡qvRb| Ab¨ K_vq, gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z cš’vwU kvixÕAvn&i g‡a¨ D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e| hw` gvwjKvbv jv‡fi êa cš’v

Abym„Z n‡q _v‡K Z‡e m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv we`¨gvb _vK‡e Ges hw` gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi êa cš’v bv _v‡K Z‡e m¤úwËi gvwjKvbvi Aw ÍZ¡I _vK‡e

bv, hwÌev GKRb e¨w³ †mB m¤ú‡ì gvwjK n‡q _v‡K| AZGe, gvwjKvbv nj AvBbcÖ‡YZv KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z Hkx cš’vi gva¨‡g †Kvb m¤úwË

Aax‡b _vKv| kvixÕAvn& gvwjKvbv jv‡fi Dcvq‡K Awbqwš¿Z bq, eis mywbw`©ófv‡e cwi®‹vi wKQz cšvi Øviv wbavwiZ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| kvixÕAvn

my¯úó bxwZgvjvi gva¨‡g GB cš’v¸‡jv Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| A‡bK¸‡jv Aa¨v‡qi mgš‡q G¸‡jv MwVZ n‡q‡Q, Avi G Aa¨vq¸‡jv n‡”Q GB

cš’v¸‡jvi kvLv-cÖkvLv I ûKzgmg~n my¯úóKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ`Ë e¨vL¨v| kvixÕAvn& GB cš’v¸‡jv‡K wKQz mvaviY gvb`Û Øviv êwkó¨gwÛZ K‡iwb,

myZivs Ab¨ †Kvb mvaviY cš’v‡K mv`„k¨Zvi wfwË‡Z Gi g‡a¨ AšÍfz©³ Kiv hv‡e bv| GUv GKvi‡Y †h, bZzb Pvwn`v ïaygvÎ Drcvw`Z m¤ú‡ì

Dci, †jb‡`‡bi Dci bq; A_©vr m¤úK©‡K wbqš¿YKvix eë¯’vi g‡a¨ GwU AšÍf©z³ bq, eis GUv m¤ú‡K©i DcRxe¨ wel‡qi g‡a¨ AšÍf©y³|

AZGe, †jb‡`b‡K mywbw`©ó wKQz wel‡qi g‡a¨ mxgve× ivLv Riæix hv bZzb I wewfbœ ai‡bi Pvwn`vi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq, GQvovI GwU‡K

m¤úwËi †ÿ‡Î m¤ú` wn‡m‡e I Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î KvR wn‡m‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| GB `„wóf½x e¨w³ gvwjKvbv‡K Ggbfv‡e wbiƒcY K‡i hv gvby‡li

cÖK…wZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© Ges GwU Ggbfv‡e gvwjKvbv‡K mymsMwVZ K‡i hv‡Z gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi cš’v Awbqwš¿Z ivLvi d‡j D™¢zZ wec` n‡Z

mgvR‡K myiw¶Z ivLv hvq| †eu‡P _vKvi cÖe„wËi GKwU w`K n‡jv e¨w³MZ m¤úwË AR©‡bi AvKv•Lv, †hgwbfv‡e †hŠb cÖe„wËi GKwU w`K n‡jv

we‡q Ges m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©‡bi cÖe„wËi GKwU w`K n‡jv Dcvmbvi AvPvi-Avbyôvbvw`| hw` cÖe„wËi Gme w`K¸‡jv‡K h‡_”Qfv‡e c~iY

Ki‡Z †`qv nq Z‡e AivRKZv I wek„•Ljvi m„wó n‡e Ges gvbyl †m¸‡jv‡K A¯vfvweK I fzjc‡_ c~iY Kivi w`‡K avweZ Ki‡e| AZGe, †h

cš’vq gvbyl m¤ú` AR©b Ki‡e †mwU wba©viY K‡i †`qv Riæix, hv‡Z K‡i D¤§vn&Õi †QvU GKwU Ask m¤úwËi DcKiY eënvi K‡i D¤§vn&Õ‡K

wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z bv cv‡i Ges AwaKvsk RbMY †hb Zv‡ì Pvwn`v c~i‡Y ewÂZ bv nq; Ges m¤ú` hv‡Z †KejgvÎ m¤ú` Avni‡Yi wbwg‡ËB

DcvwR©Z bv nq, Ab¨_vq gvbyl myLKi Rxeb nvwi‡q †dj‡e; Avi GKvi‡Y †KejgvÎ mÂq Kivi Rb¨ gvbyl m¤ú` AR©b Ki‡j Zv cÖwZnZ Kiv

n‡e| GKBfv‡e, m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv jv‡fi cš’vMy‡jvI wba©vwiZ K‡i †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv msµvšÍ Avn&Kv‡g kvixÕAvn& ev Hkx evYx

ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡j GUv my¯úó n‡q hvq †h, gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi cš’v¸‡jv‡K 5wU wel‡qi g‡a¨ mxgve× K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q:

1. KvR|

2. DËivwaKvi|

3. Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ msM„nxZ m¤ú`|

4. bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨ ivóª KZ…©K gÄyixK…Z m¤ú`|

5. m¤úwË wewbgq ev KvR e¨wZ‡i‡K e¨w³ KZ…©K M„nxZ m¤ú`|

Aa¨vq 4: gvwjKvbv jv‡fi cÖ_g Dcvq: KvR (ÕAvgvj)

†h‡Kvb ai‡bi m¤úwË wbweofv‡e cixÿv Ki‡j ¯úó n‡q hvq †h †m¸‡jv AR©‡bi Rb¨ KvR Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, G‡ÿ‡Î m¤úwËmg~n cÖvK…wZKfv‡e

cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i, †hgb: gvkiæg, wKsev †m¸‡jv gvby‡li kÖg Øviv ˆZix n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb: GK UzK‡iv iæwU ev GKwU Mvwo|

ÕAvgvj (KvR) kãwU wewfbœ A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q, hvi A‡bK¸‡jv aib I iƒc Ges wfboe wfboe djvdj we`¨gvb| †mRb¨ kvixÕAvn& ÕAvgvj

ev KvR kãwU‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv e¨wZ‡i‡K GwUi cÖPwjZ aªæc`x A‡_©i Dci †Q‡o †`qwb| GQvovI, kvixÕAvn& ÕAvgvj kãwU‡K mvaviYfv‡e

msÁvwqZ K‡iwb, eis we‡kl wKQy KvR wn‡m‡e GwU‡K Dc¯’vwcZ K‡i‡Q| GwU Kv‡Ri cÖKvi‡f` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q Ges †m¸‡jvB

gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi Dcvq wn‡m‡e Aby‡gvw`Z n‡q‡Q| KvR m¤úwK©Z Hkx ûKzgmg~n we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, m¤úwË AR©‡bi Dcvq wn‡m‡e

AvBbMZfv‡e êa KvRmg~n wb¤œiƒc:

1. AeëüZ (wbõjv) f~wgi Pvlvev`

2. f~-M‡f© ev evZv‡mi g‡a¨ hv cvIqv hvq Zv AvniY Kiv

3. wkKvi

4. `vjvwj (mvgmviv) Ges Kwgkb G‡R›U (`vjvjv)

5. kÖg I g~ja‡bi wfwË‡Z Askx`vwiZ¡ (gy`vivev)

6. eM©vPvl (gymvKvZ)

7. cvwikªwg‡Ki wewbg‡q A‡bï Rb¨ KvR Kiv

wbõjv Rwg‡Z Pvlvev` (Bn&Bqv Dj-gvIqvZ)

wbõjv Rwg (gvIqvZ) n‡jv Ggb GK ai‡bi f~wg hvi †Kvb gvwjK †bB Ges hv †_‡K †KD Dc‡hvM jvf Ki‡Q bv| G‡Z Pvlvev‡ì A_© n‡jv

e„¶‡ivcb Kiv, ebvqb Kiv ev Gi Dci BgviZ wbg©vY Kiv| wfboefv‡e ejv hvq †h, RwgwUi †h †Kvb cÖKv‡ii eënv‡ii A_©B n‡jv †mwU‡K

Avev` Kiv (Bn&Bqv)| †KD G ai‡bi f~wg Avev` Ki‡j †m Gi gvwjK wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e| ivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) e‡j‡Qb:

Ò†h e¨w³ †Kv‡bv wbõjv Rwg‡Z Avev` Ki‡e †mwU Zvi n‡q hv‡e|Ó

wZwb (mvt) AviI e‡j‡Qb:

Ò†h e¨w³ †Kvb GKwU f~wg‡K †eov Øviv †NivI K‡i †d‡j †mwU Zvi|Ó

Ges, wZwb (mvt) e‡j‡Qb:

ÒAb¨ †Kvb gymwj‡gi c~‡e© †h †KD †Kvb wKQzi Dci nvZ ivL‡j †mUv Zvi n‡q hv‡e|Ó G‡¶‡Î GKRb gymwjg I wR¤§xi (Bmjvgx iv‡óªi

Agymwjg bvMwiK) g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB, †Kbbv G nvw`mwU †Kvb ai‡bi mxgve×Zv Qvov A_©MZ w`K †_‡K c~Y©v½; Ges †h‡nZz GKRb wR¤§x

DcZ¨Kv, eb Ges cvnv‡oi Dci †_‡K hvB MÖnY KiæK bv †Kb †mwU ZviB, †m‡nZz †m¸‡jv Zvi KvQ †_‡K †K‡o †bqv Aby‡gvw`Z bq| wbõjv

Rwg Zvi m¤úwË nIqvi †ÿ‡ÎI nvw`mwU cÖ‡hvR¨| me f~wgi †¶‡ÎB GB wbqg mvaviYfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ Ñ †nvK †mUv `viæj Bmjvg ev `viæj nvie&,

wKsev Dkix ev LvivRx f~wg| Z‡e gvwjKvbv jv‡fi kZ© n‡jv †h, RwgwU Aax‡b Avmvi ci wZbeQ‡ii g‡a¨ †mwU‡Z KvR Ki‡Z n‡e Ges

eënv‡ii gva¨‡g RwgwUi Avev` Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e| hw` †KD Rwg AwaKv‡i Avmvi cÖg wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Avev` bv K‡i, ev cieZx©‡Z Uvbv

wZb eQi eënvi bv K‡i Z‡e †m †mwUi gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi nviv‡e| Dgi web Avj-LvËve (iv.) e‡j‡Qb: Ò†Kvb e¨w³ Rwg‡Z †eov w`‡q

gvwjKvbv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i, wZb eQi ch©šÍ Abvev`x ivL‡j †m RwgwUi gvwjKvbv nviv‡e|Ó Ab¨vb¨ mvnvev‡ì (iv.) Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Dgi (iv.) GB

Dw³ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GB AvBb cÖ‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb, mvnvexiv (iv.) G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb AvcwË K‡ibwb Ñ hv Zv‡ì BR&gv‡K mywbwðZ K‡i|

f~M‡f© hv Av‡Q Zv AvniY

Av‡iK cÖKv‡ii KvR n‡”Q f~-Mf© n‡Z Ggb ai‡bi m¤ú` AvniY Kiv hv †Kvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi wU‡K _vKvi wbqvgK bq, G¸‡jv jy°vwqZ ev ¸ßab

wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ (wiKvh&)| wdKn&-Gi eëüZ cwifvlv Abymv‡i G ai‡bi m¤ú‡` gymwjg‡ì mvgwóK †Kv‡bv AwaKvi _v‡K bv| eis, hw` †KD

†Kvb ¸ßab Luy‡R cvq Z‡e †mUvi Pvi-cÂgvsk H e¨w³i Ges Aewkó GK-cÂgvsk hvKvZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e|

Z‡e GwU hw` †Kv‡bv m¤cÖ`v‡qi mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq nq Ges mvgwóKfv‡e gymwjg‡ì AwaKvi nq Zvn‡j GwU MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË

wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| hv GB welqwU‡K my¯úófv‡e msÁvwqZ K‡i Zv n‡jv, hw` †Kv‡bv m¤ú` gvbyl hwg‡b jywK‡q iv‡L, wKsev Gi cwigvY

G‡Zv mvgvb¨ †h Zv m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Y h‡_ó bq, Z‡eB GwU ¸ßab wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| Z‡e hv Av`‡Z f~-Mf© ’ wQj Ges m¤cÖ`v‡qi

mK‡ji cÖ‡qvR‡bi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©, Zv wiKvh& bq eis MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú` wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| Z‡e, hv mwZ¨Kvifv‡e gvwU‡Z cvIqv hvq

Ges mK‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq bq, †hgb: cv_‡ii Lwb, hv †_‡K `vjvb wbg©v‡bi cv_i Ges GRvZxq †Kvb wKQz ˆZix nq, Zv wiKvh& ev

MYgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË †KvbwU wn‡m‡eB we‡ewPZ n‡e bv, eis Zv e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| wiKvh&-Gi gvwjKvbv jvf

Ges Gi GK-cÂgvsk hvKvZ wn‡m‡e cÖ`v‡bi evaëvaKZvi welqwU nvw`m Øviv cÖgvwYZ, Avgi Be‡b ïÕqvBe Zvi wcZvi KvQ †_‡K I Zvi

wcZv Zvi `v`vi KvQ †_‡K Avj-wbmvB‡Z eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h, ivm~jyjøvn&Õ‡K (mvt) jyKvZvn& (hv gvwU †_‡K msM„nxZ nq) m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám Kiv n‡j

wZwb (mvt) e‡jb:

Òhw` GUv †Kv‡bv eëüZ iv Ív ev gvbeemwZc~Y© MÖvg †_‡K msM„nxZ n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j †Zvgv‡K G e¨vcv‡i eY©bv w`‡Z n‡e Ges †NvlYv w`‡q

GKeQi Kvj A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` Gi gvwjK G‡K kbv³ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j GwU Zvi wR¤§vq P‡j hv‡e, Ab¨_vq GwU †Zvgvi| Avi hw`

GwU †Kvb eëüZ iv Ív ev gvbeemwZc~Y© MÖvg †_‡K msM„nxZ bv nq Zvn‡j GwUi GK-cÂgvsk hvKvZ wn‡m‡e w`‡Z n‡e Ges ¸ßa‡bi (wiKvh&)

†ÿ‡ÎI GKB welq|Ó

Aw·‡Rb Ges bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi g‡Zv evZv‡m wg‡k _vKv †Kvb wKQz msMÖn Kivi †¶‡Î ejv hvq †h, †m¸‡jv‡K f~-Mf© ’ n‡Z Drcvw`Z e¯‘mg~‡ni

g‡Zv GKBfv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Avjøvn& mye&nvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv KZ©„K m„ó †h wRwbm‡K kvixÕAvn& gyevn& †NvlYv K‡i‡Q Ges †hwUi eënvi

mxgve× K‡i †`qwb †mwUi †ÿ‡ÎI GKB wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨|

wkKvi

wkKvi Kiv n‡”Q Av‡iK ai‡bi KvR| gvQ, gy³v, cÖevj, ¯úÄ (GK cÖKvi mvgyw`ªK cÖvYx) Ges Ab¨vb¨ wkKvi nIqv cÖvYxi gvwjKvbv jvf Ki‡e

wkKvix; cvwL ev cï, wKsev hwgb n‡Z wkKvi Kiv †Kvb wKQzi gvwjKI n‡e wkKviKvix e¨w³| Avjøvn& mye&nvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv e‡jb:

Ò†Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ mgy‡ ªi wkKvi I mgy‡`ªi Lv`¨ nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q †Zvgv‡ì DcKviv‡_©, wKš‘ hZÿY ch©šÍ †Zvgiv Gn&ivgiZ Ae¯’vq _vK

ZZÿY ch©šÍ nvivg Kiv n‡q‡Q ’j wkKvi|Ó [m~iv gvwq`vn& : 96]

Ges wZwb (mye&nvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv) e‡jb:

ÒhLb †Zvgiv Gn&ivg †f‡½ †dj, ZLb †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ wkKvi Kiv Aby‡gvw`Z|Ó [m~iv gvwq`vn&: 2]

Ges wZwb (mye&nvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv) AviI e‡jb:

ÒZviv Avcbv‡K wR‡Ám K‡i †h, wK e¯‘ Zv‡ì Rb¨ nvjvj? e‡j w`b: †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ cweÎ e¯‘mg~n nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hme wkKvix Rš‘‡K

†Zvgiv cÖwk¶Y `vb K‡iv wkKv‡ii cÖwZ †cÖi‡Yi R‡b¨ Ges I‡ì‡K H c×wZ‡Z cÖwk¶Y `vI, hv Avjøvn& †Zvgv‡ì‡K wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb| Ggb

wkKvix Rš‘ †h wkKvi‡K †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ a‡i iv‡L, Zv LvI Ges Zvi Dci Avjøvn&Õi bvg D”PviY K‡iv...Ó [m~iv gvwq`vn& : 4]|

Ges Avey mvÕjvev Avj-Lvmbx eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h,

ÒAvwg ivm~jyjøvn (mvt)-Gi Kv‡Q †Mjvg Ges ejjvg: Ô†n Avjøvn&Õi bex! Avgiv wkKv‡ii Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx f~wg‡Z emevm Kwi, Avwg Zxi Ges

cÖwkw¶Z I AcÖwkw¶Z KzKz‡ii gva¨‡g wkKvi Kwi, myZivs Avcwb Avgv‡K e‡j w`b †h, G‡ì †KvbwU Avgvi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z?Ó wZwb (mvt)

e‡jb: Ò†Zvgvi †`qv eY©bv Abymv‡i, Zywg GKwU wkKvi Dc‡hvMx f~wg‡Z emevm K‡iv; myZivs Zzwg Avjøvn&Õi bv‡g †Zvgvi Zxi w`‡q hv wkKvi

K‡iv Zv †_‡K f¶Y K‡iv, Ges Zzwg hw` Avjøvn&Õi bv‡g †Zvgvi cÖwkw¶Z KzKzi w`‡q wkKvi K‡iv, Zvn‡j wkKv‡ii mgq I †mwU Lvev‡ii mgq

Avjøvn&Õi bvg D”PviY K‡iv, Ges Zywg hw` †Zvgvi AcÖwkw¶Z KzKzi w`‡q hw` wkKvi K‡iv Ges g„Zzï c~‡e© wkKviwU‡K msMÖn I RevB Ki‡Z

cv‡iv Z‡e Zv †_‡K f¶Y K‡iv|Ó (Avb-bvmvC I Be‡b gvRvn& KZ©„K ewY©Z)

`vjvwj Ges Kwgkb G‡RÝx (mvgmviv Ges `vjvjv)

`vjvj n‡”Q Ggb GKRb e¨w³ hv‡K Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³ Zv‡ì c¶ n‡q †Kvb wKQz µq ev weµ‡qi Rb¨ wb‡qvM K‡i _v‡K| GKRb Kwgkb

G‡R›U‡KI Gfv‡eB wb‡qvM †`qv nq| mvgmviv (`vjvwj) nj Ggb GK ai‡bi KvR hvi gva¨‡g †Kvb m¤úwË êafv‡e AwaK…Z nq| Avey `vD`

Zvi mybv‡b D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, Kv‡qm Be‡b Avey NyiRv Avj-Kvbbx e‡j‡Qb:

Avgiv g`xbv‡Z AvDmvK (†evSvB Kiv gvjvgvj) µq KiZvg Ges wb‡R‡ì‡K `vjvj e‡j AwfwnZ KiZvg| ivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q

Avm‡jb Ges Avgv‡ì‡K Av‡Mi †P‡q DËg GKwU bv‡g WvK‡jb| wZwb (mvt) e‡jb: Ò†n ewYKMY, mvaviYZ eëmv n‡”Q g~L© K_vevZ©v I

kc‡_i Kvwjgvhy³, myZivs G‡K mv`vKvi mv‡_ wgwkªZ K‡iv|Ó Gi A_© n‡jv, eëmvqxiv Zvi c‡Yï eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q Ggbfv‡e mxgvj•Nb K‡i

†h, Zv g~L©Zvi ch©v‡q c‡o hvq Ges cY¨‡K weµq Kivi Rb¨ wg_¨v cÖwZkÖæwZI w`‡q †d‡j| ZvB Zvi Kv‡Ri cÖwZdj †_‡K gyw³ jv‡fi Rb¨

mv`vKv †`qv AwaKZi cQ›`bxq| µq-weµ‡qi †h Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †jvKwU Pzw³e× n‡q‡Q †mwU mywbw`©ó n‡Z n‡e, GwU n‡Z cv‡i c‡Yï wfwË‡Z

wKsev mg‡qi wfwË‡Z| myZivs, †KD hw` GKwU evox ev †Kvb m¤úwË weµq ev µq Kivi Rb¨ KvD‡K GKw`‡bi RbÏ wb‡qvM †`q Z‡e †mwU

êa n‡e| wKš‘ †m hw` Awbw`©ó †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ KvD‡K wb‡qvM †`q Z‡e Zv A‰ea n‡e|

wb‡qvMcÖvß e¨w³i wKQz Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î `vjvwj cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| †hgb: GK eëmvqx Ab¨ Av‡iK eëmvqxi KvQ †_‡K cY¨ µq Kivi Rb¨ GKRb

G‡R›U wb‡qvM w`‡jv, Ges we‡µZv Zvi KvQ †_‡K µq Kivi cÖwZ`v‡b G‡R›U‡K wKQz A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡jv| hw` G‡R›U GB A_© c‡Yï g~j¨ †_‡K

ev` bv w`‡q wb‡Ri Rb¨ Kwgkb wn‡m‡e †i‡L †`q Z‡e kvixÕAvn& GwU‡K `vjvwj wn‡m‡e Aby‡gv`b †`q bv, KviY wb‡qvMcÖvß e¨w³wU eëmvqxi

Rb¨ GKRb G‡R›U wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i, ZvB c‡Yï g~j¨ hZUzKz Kgv‡bv nq Zv wb‡qvMKvix eëmvqxi Rb¨, G‡R‡›Ui Rb¨ bq| AZGe, G‡R‡›Ui

Rb¨ GB A_© MÖnY Kiv wbwl×, KviY Zv †µZvi AwaKvifz³, hw` †µZv Zv MÖn‡Yi AbygwZ cÖ`vb K‡i Z‡eB Zv MÖnY Kiv Zvi Rb¨ êa n‡e|

GKBfv‡e, hw` †Kv‡bv e¨w³ GKwU cY¨ µq Kivi Rb¨ Zvi eÜz ev f„Z¨‡K †cÖiY K‡i Ges we‡µZv Zvi KvQ †_‡K cY¨ µq Kivi Rb¨ eÜz ev

f„Z¨‡K †Kv‡bv m¤úwË cÖ`vb K‡i, A_©vr Kwgkb cÖ`vb K‡I Z‡e †m eÜz ev f„‡Zï Rb¨ Zv MÖnY Kiv Aby‡gvw`Z bq, KviY †mUv `vjvwj bq,

eis †mUv †cÖiYKvix e¨w³i m¤úwË †_‡K Pzwi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| Gi KviY n‡jv, G m¤úwË ZviB †h Zv‡K µq Ki‡Z cvwV‡q‡Q Ges KLbB

hv‡K cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zvi Rb¨ bq|

gy`vivev

gy`vivev n‡jv yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i eëmvq AskMÖnY, hv‡Z GKRb g~jab Ges Ab¨Rb kªg wewb‡qvM K‡i| A_©vr, GKRb e¨w³i kÖ‡gi mv‡_

Av‡iKRb e¨w³i m¤úwË Askx`vwi‡Z¡ DcbxZ nq| Gi A_© n‡”Q †h, GKRb KvR Ki‡e Ges Ab¨Rb m¤úwË wewb‡qvM Ki‡e| mywbw ©ó cwigv‡Y

jvf fvMvfvwM K‡i †bqvi e¨vcv‡i yÕRb Askx`vi GKgZ nq| Gi GKwU D`vniY n‡”Q, hLb GKRb e¨w³ GK nvRvi cvDÛ wewb‡qvM K‡i I

Ab¨Rb †mUv w`‡q KvR K‡i Ges cÖvß jvf Zv‡ì `yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ ew›UZ nq| kªg wewb‡qvMKvix Askx`vi‡K A_© n ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges A‡_©i

Dci Zv‡K c~Y© ¯vaxbZv w`‡Z n‡e, KviY gy`vivev‡Z kªg wewb‡qvMKvix e¨w³‡K m¤úwË n ÍvšÍi K‡i w`‡Z nq| kªg wewb‡qvMKvix Askx`vi

m¤ú` wewb‡qvMKvix Askx`v‡ii Dci Ggb kZ©v‡ivc Ki‡Z cv‡i †h, jf¨vs‡ki GK-Z…Zxqvsk ev A‡a©K Zv‡K w`‡Z n‡e, wKsev jf¨vs‡ki

mywbw ©ó Ask fvM K‡i †bqvi e¨vcv‡i Zviv HKg‡Z¨ †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i| GwU GKvi‡Y †h, gy`vwie ev kªg wewb‡qvMKvix Askx`vi Zvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨

jf¨vs‡k AwaKvi `vex Ki‡Z cv‡i| AZGe, Askx`vi‡ì Rb¨ GUv Aby‡gvw`Z †h Zviv gy`vwi‡ei Aí A_ev AwaK cwigvY jf¨vsk cÖvwßi

wel‡q GKgZ n‡Z cv‡i| myZivs, gy`vivev Ggb GK ai‡bi Kvievi hv gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi êa cš’v| Gi d‡j gy`vwie m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv jvf

Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv †m cvi®úwiK HK¨gZ¨ Abyhvqx KvR K‡i gy`vivevi gva¨‡g jf¨vsk wn‡m‡e AR©b K‡i _v‡K|

gy`vivev n‡”Q GKai‡bi †Kv¤úvbx, KviY GUv n‡”Q kÖg I m¤ú‡Ì Askx`vwiZ¡| kvixÕAvn& KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z †jb‡`bmg~‡ni GKwU n‡”Q

Gai‡bi eëmvwqK cÖwZôvb| Avey ûivqivn& (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, ivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) e‡j‡Qb:

ÒAvjøvn& e‡jb: Ô yBRb Askx`v‡ii g‡a¨ Avwg Z…ZxqRb, hZ¶Y ch©šÍ GKRb Av‡iKR‡bi mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv bv K‡i| hw` Zv‡ì GKRb

Av‡iKR‡bi mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡i Z‡e Avwg wb‡R‡K †mLvb †_‡K AcmviY K‡i †bB|Ó ivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) e‡j‡Qb:

ÒAvjøvn&Õi nvZ ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ `yBRb Askx`v‡ii Dci _v‡K, hZ¶Y ch©šÍ Zviv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv bv K‡i|Ó Avj-AveŸvm Be‡b

Ave`yj gyËvwje eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h, hLb wZwb †Kv‡bv m¤úwË gy`vivev wn‡m‡e n ÍvšÍi K‡ib ZLb wZwb gy`vwi‡ei Dci kZ©v‡ivc Ki‡Zb †h, GwU

wb‡q †m mgy‡ ª ågY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, †Kv‡bv DcZ¨Kvq Ae‡ivnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, wKsev RxešÍ †Kv‡bv wKQz wb‡q eëmv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv,

Ab¨_vq †m wbwðZfv‡eB ÿwZi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i| ivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) G e¨vcv‡i Rvb‡Zb Ges wZwb (mvt) GwU‡K Aby‡gv`b w`‡q‡Qb| mvnvexMY

(iv.) wbi¼zkfv‡e HKgZ¨ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb †h, gy`vivev Aby‡gvw`Z| mvaviYZ Dgi Be‡b Avj-LvËve (iv.) GwZg‡ì m¤úwË gy`vivev wn‡m‡e

n ÍvšÍi Ki‡Zb| Dmgvb Be‡b Avddvb (iv.) wKQz m¤úwË gy`vivev wn‡m‡e GK e¨w³‡K n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ib| myZivs, gy`vwie Ab¨ GKR‡bi m¤úwË‡K

eënvi K‡i m¤úwË AR©b K‡i _v‡K| AZGe, gy`vwie KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z gy`vivev n‡”Q GKai‡bi KvR Ges gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi GKwU êa cš’v|

m¤ú‡ì gvwj‡Ki Rb¨ GwU gvwjKvbv AR©‡bi cš’v bq, eis GwU gvwjKvbv wewb‡qv‡Mi GKwU gva¨g|

eM©vPvl (gymvKvZ)

Kv‡Ri Av‡iKwU aib n‡”Q gymvKvZ, hv‡Z GKRb e¨w³ Zvi MvQmg~n‡K †mP cÖ`vb I ZË¡veavb Kivi Rb¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q †m¸‡jv n ÍvšÍi K‡i

Ges Gi wewbg‡q Zv‡K MvQ¸‡jv †_‡K cÖvß d‡ji GKwU mywbw ©ó Ask cÖ`vb K‡i| GUv‡K ejv nZ gymvKvZ (cvwifvwlK A_© †mPKvh©), †Kbbv

GwU †mPKv‡h©i mv‡_ mswkøó; wnRv‡Ri †jvK‡Ì Mv‡Q cÖPzi cwigv‡Y †mP cÖ‡qvRb n‡Zv, Avi Zviv Zv K~c †_‡K msMÖn Ki‡Zv| gymvKvZ Ggb

GK ai‡bi KvR hv kvixÕAvn& KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z| gymwjg eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h, Avãyjøvn& Be‡b Dgi (iv.) e‡j‡Qb:

Òivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) Lvqev‡ii †jvK‡ì mv‡_ A‡a©K dj I e„‡¶i wfwË‡Z Pzw³‡Z Ave× n‡qwQ‡jb|Ó gymvKvZ mvaviYZ Zvj MvQ I jZvRvZxq

Mv‡Qi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ Ñ hvi dm‡ji GKwU mywbw`©ó Ask kªwgK‡ì‡K †`qv nq| GUv ïaygvÎ djevb Mv‡Qi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| †hme Mv‡Q dj

Drcboe nq bv, †hgb: DB‡jv, wKsev dj n‡jI Zv msMÖn Kiv nq bv, †hgb: cvBb I wmWvi, †m¸‡jvi †ÿ‡Î gymvKvZ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq, KviY

gymvKvZ d‡ji GKwU As‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ Ges G ai‡bi MvQ n‡Z †Kvbiƒc dj A‡šlb Kiv nq bv| wKš‘ †hme MvQ n‡Z cvZv A‡šlY Kiv

nq, †hgb: ZuyZ I †Mvjvc MvQ, †m¸‡jvi †¶‡Î gymvKvZ cÖ‡hvR¨, KviY G¸‡jvi cvZv d‡ji mgch©v‡qi| G¸‡jv †_‡K eQiv‡šÍ dmj cvIqv

hvq Ges G¸‡jv msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e, Ges G¸‡jvi GKwU As‡ki wewbg‡q gymvKv‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiv hvq, Avi GKvi‡Y d‡ji gZB G‡ÿ‡Î GKB ûKzg

cÖ‡hvR¨|

GKRb Kg©Pvix ev kªwgK‡K wb‡qvM cÖ`vb

Bmjvg GKRb e¨w³‡K Zvi n‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨ Kg©Pvix I kªwgK, A_©vr Kg©x wb‡qvM Kivi AbygwZ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| Avjøvn& mye&nvbvû Iqv

ZvÕAvjv e‡jb:

ÒGB c„w_ex‡Z Avwg Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Zv‡ì RxweKv e›Ub K‡iwQ Ges G‡Ki c`gh©v`v‡K Ac‡ii Dci DbœxZ K‡iwQ, hv‡Z wKQz e¨w³ Aci‡K

Zv‡ì Kv‡R wb‡qvM w`‡Z cv‡i...Ó [m~iv hyL&iæd : 32]

Be‡b wknve eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h, DiIqvn& Be‡b AvR-Ryev‡qi e‡j‡Qb †h, D¤§yj gywgbxb Av‡qkv (iv.) e‡jb:

Òivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) Ges Avey eKi (iv.) eby Av`-`xj †_‡K AwfÁ c_ wb‡ ©kK wn‡m‡e GK e¨w³‡K fvov K‡iwQ‡jb, †h ZLbI KzivBk‡ì

Kyd&dvi Øx‡bi g‡a¨ wQj| Zviv Zvi Kv‡Q Zv‡ì yÕwU fvievnx gv`x DU n ÍvšÍi Ki‡jb Ges wZbivZ ci mKvj‡ejv yÕwU DUmn mvIi-Gi

¸nvq Zv‡ì mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi mgq avh© Ki‡jb|Ó

GQvovI, Avjøvn& (mye&nvbvû Iqv ZvÕAvjv) e‡jb:

Òhw` Zviv †Zvgv‡ì mšÍvb‡ì‡K ¯Íb¨`vb K‡i, Z‡e Zv‡ì‡K cÖvc¨ cvwikªwgK †`‡e|Ó [m~iv Z¡vjvK: 6]

Avey ûivBivn& (iv.) †_‡K eyLvix eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h, Òivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) e‡j‡Qb:

ÒAvjøvn& AvR Iqv hvjøv e‡jb: wePvi wè‡m Avwg wZb ai‡bi e¨w³i cÖwZc¶ n‡ev: GKRb n‡jv †m e¨w³ †h Avgvi bv‡g KvD‡K †Kv‡bv K_v

w`‡jv Ges cieZx©‡Z Zv f½ Ki‡jv, †h GKRb AvRv` e¨w³‡K weμq Ki‡jv Ges Gi g~j¨ MÖvm Kij Ges †h e¨w³ †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ KvD‡K

fvov Ki‡jv Ges cy‡iv kªg †`qvi ciI Zv‡K Zvi cvwikªwgK w`‡jv bv|Ó wb‡qvM cÖ`v‡bi A_© n‡”Q, wb‡qvMcÖvß e¨w³ wb‡qvMKvix‡K †Kvb myweav

cÖ`vb K‡i Ges Gi wewbg‡q wb‡qvMKvix n‡Z wb‡qvMcÖvß e¨w³ m¤ú` jvf K‡i| myZivs GwU‡K Ggb GKwU Pzw³ wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv hvq †hLv‡b

¶wZc~iY cÖ`v‡bi wewbg‡q Dc‡hvM (KvR n‡Z cÖvß myweav) cvIqv hvq| kªwg‡Ki Kv‡Ri Dc‡hv‡Mi Dci wfwË K‡i A_ev kªwg‡Ki DcKvwiZvi

K_v we‡ePbv K‡i GKRb kªwgK‡K fvov Kivi Pzw³ Kiv nq| hw` Pzw³wU Kv‡Ri Dc‡hv‡Mi Dci wbf©i K‡i m¤úv`b Kiv nq Z‡e Pzw³K…Z

weqqwU n‡jv KvR Øviv m„ó Dc‡hvM, †hgb: †Kvb we‡kl Kv‡Ri Rb¨ KvwiMi fvov Kiv, cwi”QbZv Kgx© fvov Kiv, Kvgvi ev QzZvi fvov Kiv|

Z‡e Pzw³wU hw` e¨w³i wbR¯ gvbexq Dc‡hvwMZvi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i Kiv nq Zvn‡j Pzw³i welqe ‘ n‡jv e¨w³i Dc‡hvwMZv, †hgb: GKRb

f„Z¨‡K fvov Kiv Ges Gai‡bi mKj kÖwgK| G ai‡bi Pzw³‡Z kªwgK wb‡qvMKvixi Rb¨ GKwU wbw`©ó mgq a‡i KvR K‡i, †hgb: †h e¨w³

mywbw ©ó cvwikªwg‡Ki wewbg‡q GKwU KviLvbv ev evMv‡b KvR K‡i, wKsev GKRb K…lK| miKvix Kg©Pvixiv Gi AvIZvq c‡o| weKífv‡e, GKwU

mywbw ©ó Kv‡Ri wel‡q Zvi `ÿZv _vK‡Z cv‡i, gRywii wewbg‡q †h‡Kvb e¨w³i Rb¨ KvRwU †m K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi Kv‡Ri D`vniY n‡jv

QzZvi, `wR© I gyPxi KvR| cÖg ai‡bi KvR n‡jv e¨w³ ch©v‡qi KvR Ges wØZxq ai‡bi KvR nj mvaviY kªg|

Documents

Bmjv‡gi A ©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v