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2

Basics of Infrared

Infrared Wavelength

Infrared in the

Environment

Figure 1. Wavelength Spectrum

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3

Infrared and Communication

First IrDA

Specify a standard and a protocols for datatransmission

IrDA devices communicate using infrared LEDs Wavelength 875nm +-30nm

IrDA support data transmission of 1.15Mb/s

and 4Mb/s

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4

Transmitting Data Between Two Different Electronic

Devices

Can you transmit data between two Infraredcapable devices even though they aremanufacture by different companies?

Example Between a Kyocera Smart-phone and Dell Axim

Between a Kyocera Smart-phone and a DellLatitude

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5

Ir Application

PDAs

Phones

Organizer

Printers

Cameras

Laptops and

Notebooks

Other Applications

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6

Advantages and Disadvantages of Infrared

Advantages

Point-to-point

Line of sight

Transfer data up to 1m Security

Low power consumption

Low cost

Disadvantages

Line of sight

One device at a time

Transfer rate 4Mbps Have to keep the device

stable when transferring

data

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What is Bluetooth?

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology.

Why this name?

It was taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand who unified Denmark andNorway.

When does it appear?

1994:Ericsson study on a wireless technology to linkmobile phones & accessories.

5 companies joined to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in 1998.

First specification released in July 1999.

TIME LINE

1994: Ericsson study complete / vision

1995: Engineering work begins

1997: Intel agrees to collaborate1998: Bluetooth SIG formed: Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia & Toshiba

1999: Bluetooth Specification1.0A SIG promoter group expanded: 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft

&Motorola

2000 : Bluetooth Specification1.0B, 2000+ adopters

2001: First retail products released, Specification1.1

2003 : Bluetooth Specification1.22005: Bluetooth Specification 2.0 (?)

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How Bluetooth Technology works?

1.Bluetooth is a high-speed,low-power microwave wireless link

technology,designed to connect phones,leptops,PDAs and other

portable equipments together with little or no work by the user.

2.Unlike infra-red, Bluetooth does not require any line-of-sight

positioning of connected devices like Infra-red.3. Two Bluetooth products can exchange their addresses and

capabilities just after coming within the range of about 10

metres.

4. The radio operates on the globally-available unlicensed radioband, 2.45 GHz and supports data speeds of up to 721 Kbps.

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5. The Bluetooth modules can be either builtinto electronic devices or used as an

adaptor. For instance in a C they can be built in as aC card or externally attached via the

USB port.

BLUETOOTH MODULE

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6. Connections can be point-to-point or multipoint. The maximum range is 10

meters but can be extended to 100 meters by increasing the power. Bluetooth

devices are protected from radio interference by changing their frequencies

arbitrarily up to a maximum of 1600 times a second, a technique known asfrequency hopping.

7. The Bluetooth specification targets power consumption of the device from

a "hold" modeconsuming

3

0 micro amps to the activetransmitting range of 8-

30milliamps which isless than

3%

of the power used by a standardmobile phone. The chips also have

excellentpower-saving features.8. utomatic communication between

variousdevices within a small area makes it possibleto provide uni ue and

innovative services to aprofessional worker.

9.Piconet is the important factor in Bluetooth connectivity.It is simply a

collection of device connected through Bluetooth Technology.

10.While establishing a Piconet,One unit will behave as a master and the

other as slaves for the duration of Piconet connection.

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Technical Feature

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Classification

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Piconet Structure

All device in piconet hop together.

Masters ID and masters clock determines frequency hopping sequence & phase.

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Ad-hoc Network-the Scatternet

Inter-piconetcommunication

Up to 10 piconetsin a scatternet

Multiple piconetscan operate withinsame physicalspace

This is an ad-hoc,peer to peer (P2P)network

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File Transfer Profile

Profile provide:Enhanced client-server interactions:

browse,create,transfer folders.

browse,pull,push,delete files

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Headset Profile

Profile provides:Both devices must provide capability to initiate connection &

accept/terminate calls.

Volume can be controlled from either device.

Audio gateway can notify headset of an incoming call.

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Core Bluetooth Product

PDAs Notebook PCs & Desktop computer

Printers

Other handheld devices

Cell phones Wireless peripherals:

Headsets

Cameras

CD Player

TV/VCR/DVD Access Points

Telephone Answering Devices

Cordless Phones

Cars

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Security

Security Measures

Link Level Encryption & Authentication.

Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) for deviceaccess.

Long encryption keys are used (128 bit keys). These keys are not transmitted over wireless. Other

parameters are transmitted over wireless which incombination with certain information known to the

device, can generate the keys. Further encryption can be done at the application

layer.

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Advantages

Bluetooth device are wireless

Bluetooth Technology is Inexpensive

Bluetooth is Automatic Low Energy Consumption

Share Voice and Data

ACCESSIBLE FROM ANYWHERE

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Disadvantages

Bluetooth devices can not be connectedwith

more than one devices at a time, as itfinds

problem in discovering the intendedrecipient

device.

Bluetooth has a low data rate( i.e.1 MBps)

incomparision to infra-red(i.e.4 MBps).