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Blood Sugar Regulation. Pancreas. Pancreas. Pancreas. Two cell types to produce: digestive enzymes – exocrine acini hormones – islets of Langerhans. 1 – 2% of pancreas are the islets of Langerhans. Islets of Langerhans. Two hormones are produced: insulin – beta cells - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Blood Sugar Regulation
Pancreas
Pancreas
PancreasTwo cell types to produce:1. digestive enzymes – exocrine acini2. hormones – islets of Langerhans
1 – 2% of pancreas are the islets of Langerhans
Islets of LangerhansTwo hormones are produced:1. insulin – beta cells2. glucagon – alpha cells
blue = cell nucleigreen = insulinred = glucagon
Insulin FunctionWhen is insulin released? after eating
hyperglycemia
beta cells cellular signals for insulin release
decreased blood sugar
increased glucose uptake
glycogen production in liver
Glucagon FunctionWhat does glucagon do? breaks down glycogen
hypoglycemia
alpha cells cellular signals for glucagon release
increased blood sugar
glucose release from liver
glucose production in liver
Blood Sugar DiseasesThree types of diabetes:1. Diabetes Mellitus - Type 12. Diabetes Mellitus - Type 23. Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes Mellitus – Type Ialso known as juvenile diabetes
Cause
Symptoms
Treatment
Diabetes Mellitus – Type IIformerly known as adult-onset diabetes
Cause
Symptoms
Treatment
Diabetes InsipidusCause
Symptoms
Treatment
Canadian ConnectionFrederick Banting & Charles
BestNobel Prize – 1923insulin isolation
tied off ducts to digestive tract
cell producing digestive enzymes shrivelled
only islets of Langerhans remained
Hormone StructureInsulin
peptide hormone
glucagonpeptide hormone
Stress Regulation
Adrenal Glands
adrenal – “next to” the renal system
Two main sections:1. adrenal cortex long-term stress2. adrenal medulla short-term stress
Adrenal Gland
Adrenal CortexLong-term stress sends ACTH (adrenocorticotropic
hormone)
pituitary adrenal cortex
Produces two types of hormones:1. glucocorticoids2. mineralcorticoids
ACTH
1. Glucocorticoidsclass of steroid hormones for glucose regulationspecific example: cortisol
What happens when you’re stressed out?
2. Mineralcorticoidsclass of steroid hormones for mineral regulationspecific example: aldosterone
What happens when you’re stressed out?
Adrenal MedullaShort-term stress detected by hypothalamus
Produces two hormones:1. epinephrine (adrenaline)2. norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
both compounds are examples of catecholamines, which are also neurotransmitters
Hormone Structuresepinephrine
hydrophilic
norepinephrinehydrophilic
Flight-or-Fight Response
What’s your response?increased heart rateincreased breathingblood vessel dilation more O2 deliveryiris dilation collect maximum visual information
these responses are induced by catecholamine release