Bleeding and ShockBleeding and Shock

Review of Circulatory Review of Circulatory SystemSystem

Heart, blood, and blood vesselsHeart, blood, and blood vessels Blood=8% of total body weightBlood=8% of total body weight Blood=liquid (plasma) + solids (WBC, Blood=liquid (plasma) + solids (WBC,

RBC, and platelets)RBC, and platelets)– Protects against diseaseProtects against disease– Body temperatureBody temperature

– Transports OTransports O22, nutrients, and wastes, nutrients, and wastes

Types of Blood Vessels & Types of Blood Vessels & BleedingBleeding

Arteries: rapid, can be life Arteries: rapid, can be life threatening, oxygen-rich, bright red threatening, oxygen-rich, bright red in colorin color

Veins: slow, oxygen-poor, dark red or Veins: slow, oxygen-poor, dark red or maroon in colormaroon in color

Capillaries: oozing, dark red in colorCapillaries: oozing, dark red in color

WHAT HAPPENS w/ WHAT HAPPENS w/ bleeding?bleeding?

Body’s responseBody’s response– Blood vessels constrictBlood vessels constrict– Clotting beginsClotting begins– Blood volume adjustsBlood volume adjusts

Uncontrolled bleeding= life threatening Uncontrolled bleeding= life threatening conditioncondition

Care for External BleedingCare for External Bleeding

1.1. Complete initial exam first (ABC’s)Complete initial exam first (ABC’s)2.2. BSI precautions--GLOVESBSI precautions--GLOVES3.3. Cover wound…sterile gauze is greatCover wound…sterile gauze is great4.4. Apply direct pressure…clots usually Apply direct pressure…clots usually

formform5.5. Elevate area to slow bleedingElevate area to slow bleeding6.6. Apply pressure bandageApply pressure bandage7.7. Pressure points (femoral, brachial)Pressure points (femoral, brachial)8.8. Summon EMSSummon EMS

To control external To control external bleeding:bleeding:

1.1. Direct pressureDirect pressure

2.2. ElevationElevation

3.3. Pressure bandagePressure bandage

4.4. Pressure pointsPressure points

Internal BleedingInternal Bleeding

Escape of blood WITHIN the bodyEscape of blood WITHIN the body Injured internal organsInjured internal organs NOT DIRECTLY VISIBLE…may take hoursNOT DIRECTLY VISIBLE…may take hours

Signs and Symptoms:Signs and Symptoms:– BruisingBruising– Tender tissues (can be swollen, hard)Tender tissues (can be swollen, hard)– Anxiety or restlessnessAnxiety or restlessness– Skin: cool, moist, pale, ashen, blueSkin: cool, moist, pale, ashen, blue

S/S of internal bleedingS/S of internal bleeding

– Rapid breathingRapid breathing– Nausea and vomiting—no Nausea and vomiting—no

appetiteappetite– Excessive thirstExcessive thirst– Declining level of Declining level of

consciousnessconsciousness

Care for internal bleedingCare for internal bleeding

Depends on severity and site of Depends on severity and site of injuryinjury

Minor bleeding (isolated on arm)= Minor bleeding (isolated on arm)= iceice

Major bleeding (abdominal)= EMSMajor bleeding (abdominal)= EMS– Treat for SHOCKTreat for SHOCK

SHOCK (hypoperfusion)SHOCK (hypoperfusion)

Life-threatening conditionLife-threatening condition

Circulatory system fails to circulate Circulatory system fails to circulate OO22 rich blood to the body rich blood to the body

Inevitable result of any serious injury Inevitable result of any serious injury or illnessor illness

A healthy body needs:A healthy body needs:

Properly functioning heart

Enough blood to circulate

Intact blood vessels

Causes of shockCauses of shock

Inadequate blood volumeInadequate blood volume– DehydrationDehydration– Excessive vomitingExcessive vomiting– DiarrheaDiarrhea– Internal or external blood lossInternal or external blood loss

**the body fails to get blood to vital **the body fails to get blood to vital organs and they begin to fail**organs and they begin to fail**

Signs and symptoms of Signs and symptoms of SHOCKSHOCK

Restlessness or irritabilityRestlessness or irritability Rapid and weak pulseRapid and weak pulse Rapid breathingRapid breathing Pale, ashen, or bluish, cool, moistPale, ashen, or bluish, cool, moist Excessive thirstExcessive thirst Nausea and vomitingNausea and vomiting Changes in level of consciousnessChanges in level of consciousness

Caring for SHOCKCaring for SHOCK

Initial assessmentInitial assessment

– Do not wait for Do not wait for signs and signs and symptoms to symptoms to appear…get EMS on appear…get EMS on the way early!the way early!

Caring for SHOCK continuedCaring for SHOCK continued

Monitor breathing and pulseMonitor breathing and pulse Control any external bleedingControl any external bleeding Rest victim comfortably…flat on back Rest victim comfortably…flat on back

w/legs elevated *except when?w/legs elevated *except when? Keep victim from getting chilled or Keep victim from getting chilled or

overheatedoverheated Do not give food or drinkDo not give food or drink

StitchesStitches

When do you need them?When do you need them? 1. Depth1. Depth 2. Width2. Width 3. Location 3. Location

You have 6-8hours to get stitchesYou have 6-8hours to get stitches

Signs of InfectionSigns of Infection

Tenderness or inflammation around Tenderness or inflammation around the wound the wound

Fever Fever Swelling around the wound Swelling around the wound Numbness around the wound Numbness around the wound Red streaks around the woundRed streaks around the wound