Circulatory System

Blood, Blood Vessels, Heart, Immunity

Do Now1. Describe what happened to the blood cells and why:

2. What life function does the circulatory system carry out?

3. What cell structure/fluid is responsible for the life function mentioned above?

4. How would the letter “e” appear under a microscope?

How does the Circulatory System help maintain homeostasis?

The circulatory system is responsible for:1. Transporting nutrients and oxygen to all the body

cells

2. Removing metabolic wastes (CO2, H2O, Urea & salts) from cells

3. Helping maintain body temperature

How does the circulatory system carry out these functions?

What helps pump blood (oxygenated & deoxygenated) throughout the whole body?

The HEART <3

What are the 3 major specialized tubes that carry blood around the body?

VeinsArteriesCapillaries

Parts of the Circulatory System

Blood

Blood Vessels

Heart

Blood4 Major Components

1. Red Blood Cells (RBC): Purpose – Transport O2 & CO2

Contain the red pigment, or protein, called hemoglobin

Hemoglobin oxygen-binding substance

Carbon monoxide poisoning?

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

• Hemoglobin combines with carbon monoxide instead of oxygen and your cells will not get oxygen.

2. White Blood Cells (WBC): Purpose – defend against foreign substances and

infection (Immunity)Two types:

1. Phagocytes – engulf bacteria

2. Lymphocytes – produce antibodies to attach pathogens

**The number of WBC will increase when you are sick**

3. Plasma Purpose – Transports hormones, nutrients, medication ,

metabolic waste and dissolved gases (CO2)

This is the liquid portion of blood (92% water)

4. Platelets Purpose – Stops bleeding by creating clots in blood

vessels (for cuts)

Pieces of red blood cells that just are membrane and cytoplasm (Platelets are not cells!!)

Question

Why does blood circulate throughout the whole body?

Do Now 21. How do guard cells and stomata on leaves help maintain

homeostasis in plants?

2. What is the function of red blood cells?

3. When would you find lots of white blood cells in your blood?

4. What is blood plasma?

How is the blood carried and pushed around the body?

Blood Vesselsarteries

arterioles

capillaries

venules

veins

artery

arteriolesvenules

veins

Blood Vessels Artery – carries blood away from the heart

*Remember “A” in artery stands for “Away”

Thick walls of muscle – provides strength for high pressure pumping of blood

Creates a pulse

Veins– carries blood towards the heart Thin walls – blood travels back to the heart at low

speed & pressure Valves in veins – prevent the back-flow of blood

Open valve

Closed valve

*Valves in veins help blood move up through legs, against gravity. Travels up in short bursts and valves keep blood from falling back down to your feet.

Open valve

Closed valve

Veins*The “V” in veins stands for Valves!

Capillaries– Very thin walls (only one cell thick)Allows diffusion of materials across capillary walls and cell

membranes

What are some materials that diffuse into and out of capillaries?

BodyCell

waste

CO2

nutrients

O2

Capillaries and DiffusionName an organ in the body where molecules diffuse into the blood

Identify a specific molecule that diffuses into the blood at this

organ

1. During diffusion, molecules diffuse from areas of ________ to _________ concentration.

2. What determines if a molecule can diffuse through a membrane?

Do Now #31. How does the digestive system maintain homeostasis?

2. How does the respiratory system help maintain homeostasis?

3. How does the circulatory system help maintain homeostasis?

Regents Questions on Blood & Blood Vessels

The Heart (2-pump system)

4-Chamber Pump Atria (atrium)

Upper chambers of heart Receive blood and pumps

blood to the ventricles

VentriclesBottom two chambers of

heart Thick muscular walls (Why?)Pump blood away from

heart

Right Atrium

LeftAtrium

Right Ventricle Left

Ventricle

Circulation Pathway

Right side of heart collects blood from the body (low O2) (high CO2) and pumps the oxygen poor blood to the lungs.

Left side of heart collects blood from the lungs (high O2) (low CO2) and pumps the oxygen rich blood to all body cells/tissues.

Pulmonary Circulation – circulation of blood between the heart & lungs

Systemic Circulation – circulation of blood between the heart & the body

1) Right side of the hearta) Where does the blood come from?

b) Where does the heart pump the blood to?

2) Left side of the hearta) Where does the blood come from?

b) Where does the heart pump the blood to?

3) Why does your breathing and heart rate increase when your run?

Do Now 6

Do Now 4: Label what is going on. Be as specific as possible!

1

23

4

Oxygenated Side

Deoxygenated Side

• Blood has a high

concentration of CO2, and low O2

concentration

• Blood must be pumped to lungs to excrete CO2

& take in O2

(gas exchange)

• Blood has a high

concentration of O2, low CO2

concentration

• Blood will be pumped to cells

of the body, bringing O2 for…

Aerobic Cellular

Respiration

Oxygenated vs. Deoxygenated Blood in the Heart

RIGHT SIDE LEFT SIDE

Control of the HeartThe BRAIN

Medulla – portion of the brain that regulates the rate of the heart (speeding up or slowing down) Medulla

oblongata

How does exercise affect your heart rate? Why?

Exercise causes your heart rate to increase. Muscles need more oxygen for Aerobic Cellular Respiration (to produce ATP).

food O2 CO2H2O

ATP

Do Now #41. Why does breathing-rate increase when your run?

2. Why does your heart-rate increase when your run?

3. Do your heart and lungs work together to help your body maintain homeostasis? Explain.

Do Now #7

Question – what is the difference between red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets?

Big Molecule Small Molecule Polysaccharide

Amino Acid

Glucose

Protein

Fatty Acid

Iodine Atom

How can you tell if someone is sick by analyzing their blood?

Immunity What is Immunity?

The body’s ability to fight pathogens (foreign substance) in order to maintain homeostasis

How does your body prevent pathogens from entering your body?

First line of defense… SKIN

Your immune system is like a castle

Skin is your first line of defense… like a castle’s walls Just how a castle has windows and doors, your

skin also has openings!Your eyes, nose, ears, mouth and excretory

organs are all open to the environment!

These openings need extra protection! Mucous – traps and releases pathogens

(sneeze, cough, swallow) Nose hair – trap/filter air

(sneeze/cough) Stomach acid – kill pathogens in food

and swallowed mucous

First line of Defense Summary

Warrior Tears!!

Some pathogens still get in!

What is one way pathogens can easily get in?

Cracks in skin/dry mucous

Pathogens get inside you!Cells of your immune system now take over… just like soldiers will fight when invaders breach the castle’s outer defenses

What cells will fight against the invading pathogens?

How do white Blood Cells (WBC) help you fight against pathogens to maintain homeostasis? – 3 STEPS --

Step 1Identify the cell/organism as foreign

How does your body recognize between “self” and “non-self” (pathogens)?

AntigensProtein markers (ID card) on the

surface of the cells, viruses or bacteria

Antigens allow your body to recognize between “self” & “non-self” (pathogens)

Step 2

The number of white blood cells INCREASES

When white blood cells ID (identify) a foreign substance…

Immune response initiated!

White Blood Cells Attack!Step 3

Phagocytes – engulf/surround/swallow pathogen

(digest the pathogen)Lymphocytes – produce specific antibodies to attack specific antigens

Wait, wait, wait… how does your body distinguish between “itself” and “non-self”?

Do Now1. How does your immune system recognize a pathogen?

2. What are two types of white blood cells?

3. What are two ways white blood cells can destroy pathogens?

4. How would you increase the accuracy of a scientific experiment?

5. What is emulsification?

6. Scientific names: Homo sapiens & Homo erectus These organisms belong to the same ___________________

Immune response initiated!

White Blood Cells Attack!Step 3

Phagocytes – engulf/surround/swallow pathogen

(digest the pathogen)Lymphocytes – produce specific antibodies to attack specific antigens

Wait, wait, wait… how does your body distinguish between “itself” and “non-self”?

Immune response initiated!

Specialized proteins made by lymphocytes that destroy pathogens

What is an antibody?

Antibodies attach to antigens on pathogens (specific shapes) The attached antibody sends a signal to phagocytes

who eat/digest the marked pathogen.

Antibodies attach to antigens on pathogens (specific shapes) Antibodies can also cause pathogens to clump/come

together making a bigger meal for phagocytes… kills more pathogens faster!

What are a few ways antibodies help fight pathogens?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrYlZJiuf18

Why don’t you get the chicken pox virus twice?

You develop immunity!! … but how???

Two types of immunity

PASSIVE IMMUNITYPerson receives antibodies

Breast feeding – breast milk contains antibodies from mother (passed on)

Get a pill/shot of medicine from a doctor, like an antibiotic.

Temporary immunity

1

Why don’t you get the chicken pox virus twice?

ACTIVE IMMUNITYPerson fights pathogens

Get Sick!! – fight pathogen without medicine. Make own antibodies

Get a vaccine from the doctor!!Dose of a dead or weakened pathogen (virus/bacteria) Injected into body and the immune system produces

antibodies & develops immunity to the disease without suffering through it

Longer lasting/permanent immunity

2

So… you’re an organ donor?

What is an organ transplant?

When an organ is taken from one individual (donor) and given to another (recipient)

Try to match as many antigens as possible to prevent rejection

**Sometimes an organ may be rejected by the recipient’s body**

How can this be prevented????

Give recipient medication to suppress (weaken) the immune system(WBC) – prevent an immune response!

Practice Questions

AIDS

Allergy

Sickle-cell Anemia