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7/24/2019 biotek2asam nukleat

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AP Biology

Macromolecules:

Nucleic Acids


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AP Biology

Nucleic Acids

Function: store & transmit hereditary information

Examples:

RNA (rionucleic acid! "NA (deoxyrionucleic acid!

#tructure:

monomers $ nucleotides


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AP Biology

Nucleotides

% parts nitrogen ase ('N ring!

pentose sugar (!

riose in RNA deoxyriose in "NA

P)*group


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AP Biology

+ypes of nucleotides

, types of nucleotides different Nitrogen ases

purines

doule ring N ase adenine (A!

guanine (-!

pyrimidines single ring N ase

cytosine (!

thymine (+!

uracil (.!


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AP Biology

Buildi

ng the polymer


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AP Biology

Nucleic polymer

Bac/one sugar to P)*ond

phosphodiesterond

ne0 ase added to sugar ofpre1ious ase

polymer gro0s in one direction

N ases hang off the

sugar'phosphate ac/one

2hy is this important3


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AP Biology

Pairing of nucleotides

Nucleotides ond et0een"NA strands onds

purine :: pyrimidine A :: + , onds

- ::

% onds

2hy is this important3


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AP Biology

;nformation polymer

Function series of ases encodes information li/e the letters of a oo/

stored information is passedfrom parent to offspring

need to copy accurately

stored information $ genes genetic information


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AP Biology


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AP Biology

"NA molecule

"oule helix ondset0een ases

7oin the , strands

A :: + :: -

s go to the 1ideo tape9?(play mo1ie here!

2hy is it important

that the strands areonded y onds3


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AP Biology

opying "NA

Replication , strands of "NA helix are

complementary ha1e one@ can uild other

ha1e one@ can reuild the0hole

0hy is this a good system3

0hen in the life of a celldoes replication occur3

mitosis

meiosis


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AP Biology

"NA replication

It has not escaped our notice thatthe specific pairing we have

postulated immediately suggests a

possible copying mechanism for the

genetic material. 6ames 2atsonFrancis ric/

45%


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AP Biology

2atson and ric/ and others45% 45C,


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AP Biology

Maurice 2il/ins and45% 45C,


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AP Biology

;nteresting note

Ratio of A'+::-'affects stailityof "NA molecule , onds 1s % onds

iotech procedures more -' $

need higher + toseparate strands

high + organisms

many -'

parasites many A'+ (don>t /no0 0hy!


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AP Biology

Another interesting note

A+PAdenosine triphosphate

GG

modified nucleotide

adenine riose G Pi G Pi G Pi


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AP Biology

MacromoleculeRe1ie0


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AP Biology

arohydrates

#tructure H monomer monosaccharide

Function

energy ra0 materials

energy storage

structural compounds Examples

glucose@ starch@ cellulose@ glycogen

glycosidic ond


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AP Biology

=ipids

#tructure H uilding loc/ glycerol@ fatty acid@ cholesterol@ ' chains

Function

energy storage memranes

hormones

Examples fat@ phospholipids@ steroids

ester ond (in a fat!


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AP Biology

Proteins

#tructure H monomer amino acids le1els of structure

Function enIymes

defense transport structure signals receptors

Examples digesti1e enIymes@ memrane

channels@ insulin hormone@ actin

peptide ond


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AP Biology

Nucleic acids

#tructure H monomer nucleotide

Function

information storage& transfer

Examples

"NA@ RNA

phosphodiester ond

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