Biotechnological methods in animal production

Peter Chrenekchrenekp@vuzv.sk

Introduction• Modern biotechnology has emerged in the last

two-three decades and it utilizes cells and biomolecules for the application in medicine, agriculture and protection of the environment.

• In Agriculture - Transgenesis - Nuclear transfer (cloning)

- Cell culture and Tissue Ingeneering

- Recombinant DNA

IntroductionAnimal Biotechnology

- Genetic – genetic markers - genomic

- Biodiversity – genetic resources

- Nutrition – nutrigenomic

- Welfare- Reproduction – artificial insemination

- embryotransfer

- cryopreservation

- transgenesis „GMO“

Animal Biotechnology in ReproductionTransgenesis

1) basic research (early detection of integration and expression, targeted integration,....)

2) production of pharmaceutic (recombinant) substances

3) increase milk, meat production (yield) and health of animals

4) in animal nutrition

5) xenotransplantations

6) production of cloned transgenic embryos (HYBRID EMBRYOS) – possiblility to isolate and use of embryonic stem cells (BIOMEDICAL PURPOSE)

Animal Biotechnology in ReproductionTransgenesis

1) Early detection of targeted gene integration and expression, targeted integration,EGFP, ....)

Animal Biotechnology in ReproductionTransgenesis

Rabbit milk obtained by use of electrical device for milking and is drained into a collection

container. Female of weight 4-5 kg produces ¼ liter of milk daily. Rabbit milk has a high fat

content.

2) Production of pharmaceutic (recombinant) substances

Animal Biotechnology in reproduction – Transgenesis

2) Production of pharmaceutic (recombinant) substances

Zhao Sihai et al., 2009

recombinant protein Use authors

h alpha1-antitrypsin emohysema Massoud et al., 1990

h IL-2 ? Buhler et al., 1990

h tPA thrombosis Reigo et al., 1993

h erythropoietin anemia Rodriguez et al., 1995

h IGF-1 GH deficiency Brem et al., 1994

h ESDM ischemia Stormqvist et al., 1997

h GH GH deficiency Hammer et al., 1985

h alpha-glucuronidase glycogen Bijvoet et al., 1999

salmon calcitonin osteoporosis McKee et al., 1998

eCG ? Galet, 2001

h NGF-beta neuropathy Coulibaly et al., 1999

h PC hPC defficiency Chrenek et al., 2002

hFVIII hemophilia Chrenek et al., 2003

hFVIII hemophilia Hiripi et al., 2003

bochymosin cheese production Brem et al., 1995

Animal Biotechnology in Reproduction – Transgenesis

Transgenic rabbits

Production and use of GM animals

3) Increase milk and meat production (yield) and animal health

Belgian blue cattle – natural mutation of gene for myostatin

ttp:www.hemmy.net/images/animals/supercow01.jpg

'Mighty mice'Comparison of body size and anatomical conformation between normal mouse (left) and genetically modified mouse with absence of myostatin and overproduction of follistatin (right).

Block out the gene for myostatin – double muscling of farm animals

Zdroj: http://technet.idnes.cz/gmo-zvirata-vepr-prasata-0xo-/veda.aspx?c=A150704_224211_veda_mla

Animal Biotechnology in reproduction - Transgenesis

3) Increase milk and meat production (yield) and animal health

GM salmonup: a transgenic salmon is much

bigger than normal individual at the same age of 18 months.

down: fish size will equal at 36 months.

Animal Biotechnology in Reproduction - Transgenesis 5) xenotransplantations

Pigs could be a source of new organs.

In pig cells was detected a porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV),

which is one from more reasons, why people are so skeptical about

xentortansplantation.

http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/uploads/pics/jamil1

Animal Biotechnology in Reproduction – Nuclear transfer 6) production of transgenic embryonic stem cells

Cloning

Blastocyst Embryoblast

Cloning (therapeutic a reproductive)Cloning (therapeutic a reproductive)Hybrid embryos Hybrid embryos

- oocyte from cattle and human somatic transgenic cell- oocyte from cattle and human somatic transgenic cell - oocyte from rabbit and human somatic transgenic cell- oocyte from rabbit and human somatic transgenic cell

Embryonic stem cells

Animal Biotechnology in reproduction – Cell culture embryonic stem cells

Pluripotent – ability to differentiate into all types of cells, tissues and organs

Thank you for your attention