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BIOMOLECULES. MACROMOLECULES made by polymerization -large compounds built by joining smaller ones together. Smaller units are called monomers. 4 major molecules important to life. Carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids and proteins. BIO BUILDING BLOCKS. CARBOHYDRATES. 1:2:1 RATIO - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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BIOMOLECULESMACROMOLECULESmade by polymerization-large
compounds built by joining smaller ones together.
Smaller units are called monomers.4 major molecules important to life.Carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids and
proteins.
BIO BUILDING BLOCKS
CARBOHYDRATES 1:2:1 RATIO
1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen
Main source of energy for living things Animal cells store excess sugars as glycogen
Also has structural purpose for living things. Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDSMade of Carbon and Hydrogen. NOT soluble in water
doesn’t mix with waterUsed to store energyPart of the cell membrane.Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No
double bondsUnsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double
bonds between Carbons.
LIPIDS
LIPIDS - triglyceride
Phospholipids – cell membrane component
Phospholipids: fatty acids bound to glycerol, a phosphate group replaces one fatty acid.
Phosphate group is hydrophilic—”water loving head”
“Water fearing tails” are fatty acid chains—hydrophobic
NUCLEIC ACIDSComposed of Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.Subunits are called nucleotides. Store and transmit hereditary
information.Provide instructions for making proteinsEx. DNA , RNA
NUCLEIC ACIDS
RNA—ribose DNA—deoxyribose
NUCLEIC ACIDS - nucleotides
PROTEINS
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, and Nitrogen .(*Sulfur)
Monomers are called amino acidsControl rate of reactions (enzymes)Function in transport and formation of
bone and muscle cells.Folded shape is important in enzyme
recognition process.
PROTEINS –amino acids