Biomolecules (Definitions)

7/31/2019 Biomolecules (Definitions)

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Biomolecule Biomolcula Molecule found in the livingbeings.

Water

Mineral salts

Carbohydrate

LipidProtein

Nucleic acid

Vitamin

Carbon Carbono Bioelement found in the organicbiomolecules and gases as

carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon

monoxide (CO).

CarbohydrateSaccharide

Sugars

Hidrato decarbono

CarbohidratoGlcidoAzcares

Organic biomolecule which is

responsiblefor storing and

transporting energy or is a

structural component.

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose

Ribose

Deoxyribose

Lactose

Sucrose

Starch

Glycogen

Cellulose


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Cellulose Celulosa Polysaccharide (carbohydrate)which is the structural

component of the plant cellwall

and the most common organiccompound on Earth.

Cholesterol ColesterolLipid which is a structural

component of animal cell

membranes and is required to

establish proper membrane

permeability and fluidity.

It is also theprecursorof steroid

hormones, bile acids, and

vitamin D.

Collagen Colgeno A structural animal proteinfound in the connective tissues of

vertebrates and the most

abundant protein in mammals.


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Deoxyribo-nucleic acid

(DNA)

cido desoxi-rribonucleico

(ADN)

Organic macromoleculeformed

by the union of nucleotides and

found in the genetic material of

cells.It contains the genetic

instructions used in the

development and functioning of

all known living organisms.

Disaccharide Disacrido Carbohydrate formed by theunion of two monosaccharides.

It is used to provide energy to

cells.

Lactose

Sucrose

Enzyme Enzima Protein thatcatalyzes (increasesthe velocity of) chemical

reactions.

Amylase

Ptyalin

Lysozyme

Lipase


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Fat Grasa Lipid solid at normal roomtemperature that is used for

storing energy. Triglycerides

Fructose Fructosa Monosaccharide foundin fruits which isresponsible for transporting energy.

Glucose Glucosa Monosaccharideresponsible for transporting energyand found in disaccharidesand polysaccharides.

Haemoglobin Hemoglobina Protein which carries oxygenfrom the respiratory organs

(lungs or gills) to the rest of the

body.


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Heterotroph Hetertrofo Living organism whichfeeds onorganic matter produced by

other living beings.

Animals

Fungi

ProtozoaSome bacteria

Hydrogen Hidrgeno Bioelement found in thebiomolecules.

Inorganic

biomoleculeInorganic

matterInorganiccompound

Biomolcula

inorgnicaMateria

inorgnicaCompuestoinorgnico

Molecule that is not produced by

a living organism and is notcomposed of carbon.

Water

Mineral salts

Lactose Lactosa Disaccharide(carbohydrate) found inmilk.


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Lipid Lpido Organic biomolecule insolublein waterwhich is used asenergy

storage, as structural

component of cell membranesand as signaling molecule.

Fats

OilsWaxes

Phospholipids

Steroids

Cholesterol

Mineral salts Sales minerales Inorganic biomolecules whichregulate different metabolic

activities, help in the formation

of skeleton and teeth and are

necessary in contraction of

muscles and excitability of

nerves.

Mono-saccharide

Monosacrido Organic biomolecule which isthe most basic unit (monomer) ofcarbohydrates.

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose

Ribose

Deoxyribose


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Nitrogen Nitrgeno Bioelement found in thebiomolecules.

Nucleic acid cido nucleico Organic macromolecule formedby the union of nucleotides.

It contains the geneticinstructions used in the

development and functioning of

all known living organisms or

converts genetic information into

the amino acid sequences of

proteins.

Deoxyribonucleic acid

(DNA)

Ribonucleic acid

(RNA)

Nucleotide Nucletido Organic biomolecule which isthe most basic unit (monomer) of

nucleic acids.

ATP

ADP

AMP

GTP


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Oil Aceite Lipid liquid at normal roomtemperature that is used for

storing energy.

Organicbiomolecule

Organic matterOrganic

compound

Biomolculaorgnica

Materia orgnicaCompuesto

orgnico

Molecule that is produced by a

living organism and mainly

composed of carbon, hydrogen,

oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur andphosphorus.

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic acid

Vitamin

Oxygen Oxgeno Bioelement found in thebiomolecules.

Phospholipid Fosfolpido Structural lipids that is a major

component of all cell membranes.


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Phosphorus Fsforo Bioelement found in thebiomolecules.

Polysaccharide Polisacrido Carbohydrate formed by theunion of monosaccharides.

Starch

Glycogen

Cellulose

Protein Protena Organic macromoleculewhichis made up ofchains of amino

acids.

The most important functions:

to give structure to the cells

to transport substances

to regulate chemical

reactions

to protect the body frompathogenic microorganisms.

To move cells, organs

Collagen

Haemoglobin

Enzymes

Antibodies

Hormones


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Ribonucleicacid (RNA)

cidoribonucleico

(ADN)

Organic macromolecule formed

by the union of nucleotides which

converts genetic information into

the amino acid sequences ofproteins.

Starch Almidnfcula

Polysaccharide (carbohydrate)

which is the energy store of the

plants.

Steroid Esteroide Lipid. Cholesterol

Sex hormones

Sucrose Sacarosa Disaccharide(carbohydrate) found in

plants.


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Sulphur Azufre Bioelement found in thebiomolecules.

Wax Cera Lipid used as a waterrepellent.

Water Agua Inorganic biomoleculewhich dissolvessubstances, regulatestemperature and wheremetabolic reactionstake place.

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Biomolecules (Definitions)