BioJeopardy

A Game for Learning Biology

• When bones become weak and brittle over time

• What is osteoporosis

• What are bones?

• Mineralized connective tissue

• supports much of our body weight and protects many internal organs; includes the vertebrae and skull.

• What is axial skeleton

• occurs when cartilage in your joints wears down over time

• What is osteoarthritis

• white blood cells move from your bloodstream into the membranes that surround your joints (synovium), causing it to become inflamed

• What is rheumatoid arthritis

• These are areas of contact or near contact between bones, typically filled with synovial fluid

• joints

• These connect bones to joints

• ligaments

• This includes the bones that support the limbs, upper chest, shoulders, and pelvis

• Appendicular skeleton

• These attach muscles to bones or other muscles

• tendons

• What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

• Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

• These are cylindrical organelles found within muscle cells. They are specialized bundles of proteins

• myfibrils

• These muscles are designed to contract rapidly, and are not sustained

• “Fast” or white muscles

• The mode of action of “Botox” made by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum

• Block AcH

• Most of the body’s muscle tissue

• Skeletal muscle

• The neurotransmitter used for muscle contraction

• acetylcholine

• This is a painful spasm that doesn’t immediately release; often calf and thigh muscles are involved.

• cramp

• This type of muscular dystrophy is usually seen in adults

• Myotonic

• This disease “freezes” muscles in a contracted state

• Tetany (which is why you get a tetanus shot)

• The nervous system is composed of these two types of specialized cells

• neurons and (neuro)glial cells

• What are the 3 categories/types of neurons?

• Sensory, interneurons, and motor

• What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

• CNS and PNS

• What is the 3 part structure of a neuron?

• Cell body, dendrites and axons

• These carry information toward the CNS from sensory receptors

• These carry information away from the CNS to an effector (muscle or gland)

• These account for more than 99% of the body’s neurons, are found only in the brain and spinal cord, and integrate sensory signals

• interneurons

• These consist of parallel axons, dendrites, or both from many neurons

• nerves

• This is an electrochemical signal involving sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) that cross the cell membrane through ion channels.

• Action potential or nerve impulse

• This structure provides electrical insulation that increases the rate of conduction of a nerve impulse

• Myelin sheath

• This results from the destruction of the myelin sheath that surrounds axons in the CNS; resulting scars interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses; can result in paralysis and loss of sensation, including loss of vision

• Multiple sclerosis

• Communication between a neuron and an adjacent cell occurs by these

• neurotransmitters

• A junction (or gap) between a neuron and an adjacent cell is called this

• Synapse/Synaptic cleft

• Associated with decreased levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine

• Clinical depression

• Associated with decreased levels of acetylcholine

• Alzheimer’s disease

• This part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord; it integrates incoming information and coordinates all voluntary and involuntary nervous functions

• CNS

• This subdivision of the PNS receives sensory information and directs voluntary movements

• Somatic nervous system

Body System Description

47 Skeletal A) regulates and integrates body functions via specialized

cells

48 Nervous B) regulates and integrates body functions via hormones

49 Endocrine C) moves body and maintains posture; generation of heat

50 Muscular D) protects organs; stores calcium and phosphorus;

produces blood cells

xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxxxx

• These are signaling molecules that have a major role in coordinating and managing the activities of the body’s cells

• hormones

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxx

Parts of the Endocrine

System

Description

41 Thyroid gland A) Located in the brain; produces melatonin in the dark;

influences sleep/wake cycles

42 Adrenal glands B) Located in the chest; site for maturation of white

blood cells

43 Pancreas C) Located at the top of the kidneys; secretes hormones

that help regulate blood levels of glucose, influence

blood pressure, and regulate blood circulation; regulates

hormonal response to stress

44 Thymus gland D) Located in the neck; hormones produced are vital to

normal development and metabolism

45 Pineal gland E) Located behind the stomach; main hormones

produced are glucagon and insulin; helps maintain

glucose levels in the blood