Biohazard Safety Training

Biohazard Safety Biohazard Safety TrainingTraining

ObjectivesObjectives

In this course you will learn:In this course you will learn: Characteristics of blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) and Characteristics of blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) and

other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) Routes of transmission of infectious agents Routes of transmission of infectious agents Exposure control methods to prevent exposure Exposure control methods to prevent exposure Infectious or biomedical waste disposal proceduresInfectious or biomedical waste disposal procedures How to address accidents and injuries when working How to address accidents and injuries when working

with BBPs and OPIMs with BBPs and OPIMs

TrainingTraining

Employers shall ensure that all employees Employers shall ensure that all employees with occupational exposure participate in a with occupational exposure participate in a training program which must be provided training program which must be provided at no cost to the employee and during at no cost to the employee and during working hours. working hours.

TrainingTraining Training shall be provided as follows: Training shall be provided as follows:

At the time of initial assignment to tasks where At the time of initial assignment to tasks where occupational exposure may take place;occupational exposure may take place;

Annual training for all employees shall be provided Annual training for all employees shall be provided within one year of their previous training. within one year of their previous training.

Employers shall provide additional training when Employers shall provide additional training when changes such as modification of tasks or procedures changes such as modification of tasks or procedures or institution of new tasks or procedures affect the or institution of new tasks or procedures affect the employee's occupational exposure. The additional employee's occupational exposure. The additional training may be limited to addressing the new training may be limited to addressing the new exposures created. exposures created.

Universal (Standard) PrecautionsUniversal (Standard) Precautions

“ “Precautions to protect against exposure must be Precautions to protect against exposure must be taken when there is any potential for exposure to taken when there is any potential for exposure to bodily fluids. It is assumed that all bodily fluids bodily fluids. It is assumed that all bodily fluids have the potential to transmit disease”have the potential to transmit disease”

The Universal Precaution Rule:The Universal Precaution Rule:Treat all blood, bodily fluids and other potentially Treat all blood, bodily fluids and other potentially

infectious materialsinfectious materialsas if they are infectious.as if they are infectious.

Blood-borne Pathogens (BBP)Blood-borne Pathogens (BBP) Blood-borne pathogens (BBP) are specific Blood-borne pathogens (BBP) are specific

microorganisms transmitted in blood or bodily fluids, microorganisms transmitted in blood or bodily fluids, which can cause disease in people. which can cause disease in people.

There are three major BBPs:There are three major BBPs: Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis B (HBV)

• causes inflammation of the liver that might lead to liver failure causes inflammation of the liver that might lead to liver failure • completely preventable by a vaccinecompletely preventable by a vaccine

Hepatitis C (HCV) Hepatitis C (HCV) • also causes inflammation of the liver, also causes inflammation of the liver, • no vaccine to prevent infectionno vaccine to prevent infection

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • HIV is a human retrovirus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune HIV is a human retrovirus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune

Deficiency Syndrome). Deficiency Syndrome). • There is no vaccine to prevent HIV infection.There is no vaccine to prevent HIV infection.

Other Potentially Infectious Other Potentially Infectious MaterialsMaterials

Besides blood-borne pathogens, there are Besides blood-borne pathogens, there are other potentially infectious materials other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) found in the academic and (OPIM) found in the academic and research laboratory settings:research laboratory settings: Bacteria, Fungi, Rickettsia, Parasites Bacteria, Fungi, Rickettsia, Parasites Other Viruses, including oncogenic (cancer Other Viruses, including oncogenic (cancer

causing) viruses causing) viruses Recombinant DNA from infectious agents Recombinant DNA from infectious agents Cell or tissue cultures of human origin Cell or tissue cultures of human origin

Routes of exposureRoutes of exposure Blood-borne Pathogens such as HBV, HCV and HIV are Blood-borne Pathogens such as HBV, HCV and HIV are

transmitted through contact with human blood and bodily transmitted through contact with human blood and bodily fluids. Contacts include: fluids. Contacts include: ““sharps” exposures in occupational settings sharps” exposures in occupational settings sexual activity sexual activity sharing of needles sharing of needles mother-to-child exposures at birthmother-to-child exposures at birth HIV is passed from one person to another through HIV is passed from one person to another through

blood-to-blood and sexual contact. Infected pregnant blood-to-blood and sexual contact. Infected pregnant women can pass HIV to their babies during women can pass HIV to their babies during pregnancy, delivery, and breast feedingpregnancy, delivery, and breast feeding. .

Routes of exposureRoutes of exposure Unbroken skin is a good barrier against BBPs. However, Unbroken skin is a good barrier against BBPs. However,

infectious materials can enter your system through skin infectious materials can enter your system through skin openings such as:openings such as: Open sores Open sores Cuts Cuts Abrasions Abrasions Acne Acne Sunburn Sunburn Blisters Blisters

BBPs may also be transmitted through mucous membranes BBPs may also be transmitted through mucous membranes of theof the Eyes Eyes Nose Nose MouthMouth

Other routes of exposureOther routes of exposure

Other types of potentially infectious Other types of potentially infectious material (OPIM) can be transmitted by the material (OPIM) can be transmitted by the following routes:following routes: Inhalation/aerosol exposures Inhalation/aerosol exposures Ingestion, especially of contaminated food or Ingestion, especially of contaminated food or

drink drink Vector-borne transmission, by mosquito or Vector-borne transmission, by mosquito or

other biting insectsother biting insects

Exposure controlExposure control

Exposure Controls consist of those policies and Exposure Controls consist of those policies and practices that prevent occupational exposures to practices that prevent occupational exposures to infectious materials, including:infectious materials, including: Administrative Controls Administrative Controls

• Exposure control plan (ECP)Exposure control plan (ECP)• Individual Laboratory Risk assessments Individual Laboratory Risk assessments

Universal (Standard) Precautions Universal (Standard) Precautions Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Engineering Controls (HVAC, bio-safety cabinets, Engineering Controls (HVAC, bio-safety cabinets,

self-sheathing needles, safer medical devices, and self-sheathing needles, safer medical devices, and needleless systems) needleless systems)

Exposure control plan (ECP)Exposure control plan (ECP)

The OSHA BBP Standard requires employers to The OSHA BBP Standard requires employers to develop written documents to explain how they develop written documents to explain how they will implement the standard, provide training to will implement the standard, provide training to employees, and to eliminate or minimize employees, and to eliminate or minimize occupational exposure to blood-borne occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens to protect the health and safety of pathogens to protect the health and safety of their workers.their workers.

The ECP must be tailored to the specific The ECP must be tailored to the specific requirements of the institution; plans must be requirements of the institution; plans must be accessible to all employees, either on-line or in accessible to all employees, either on-line or in an area where they are available for review on an area where they are available for review on all shifts.all shifts.

Exposure control plan (ECP)Exposure control plan (ECP) The ECP includes:The ECP includes:

Determination of employee exposure and Determination of employee exposure and Implementation of various methods of exposure control, Implementation of various methods of exposure control,

including: including: • Universal (Standard) precautions Universal (Standard) precautions • Engineering and work practice controls Engineering and work practice controls • Personal protective equipment Personal protective equipment • Waste segregation, treatment and disposal, including sharps Waste segregation, treatment and disposal, including sharps • Hepatitis B vaccination Hepatitis B vaccination • Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up • Communication of hazards to employees and training Communication of hazards to employees and training • Recordkeeping: Training records, employee health records, Recordkeeping: Training records, employee health records,

exposure/incident records exposure/incident records • Procedures for evaluating circumstances surrounding Procedures for evaluating circumstances surrounding

exposure incidents exposure incidents

Exposure control plan (ECP) cont…Exposure control plan (ECP) cont…

Administrative Controls:Administrative Controls: Administrative controls, including risk assessments, Administrative controls, including risk assessments,

are steps taken by supervisors and individual are steps taken by supervisors and individual employees, including:employees, including:• Conducting a risk assessment of the materials in Conducting a risk assessment of the materials in

use use • Adhering to vaccination schedules and training Adhering to vaccination schedules and training

schedulesschedules• Training personnel to handle specific infectious Training personnel to handle specific infectious

materials and their hazardsmaterials and their hazards• Promoting individual awareness of personal Promoting individual awareness of personal

protective equipment use and engineering controls protective equipment use and engineering controls (sample containers) to minimize or eliminate (sample containers) to minimize or eliminate potential exposurepotential exposure


Sharps PrecautionsSharps Precautions You must exercise care when using needles, You must exercise care when using needles,

scalpels, glass pipettes and other sharp instruments scalpels, glass pipettes and other sharp instruments or devices. Follow these rules of thumb when or devices. Follow these rules of thumb when handling sharps:handling sharps:

• Do not recap, bend, break, or otherwise manipulate used Do not recap, bend, break, or otherwise manipulate used needles by hand. needles by hand.

• Do not remove used needles from disposable syringes. Do not remove used needles from disposable syringes. • Place used sharps in labeled or color-coded puncture-Place used sharps in labeled or color-coded puncture-

resistant, leak-proof, closable, sharps containers for resistant, leak-proof, closable, sharps containers for disposal. disposal.

• Do not overfill sharps containers. Do not overfill sharps containers. • Consider the use of alternative, non-sharps equipment Consider the use of alternative, non-sharps equipment

whenever possible.whenever possible.


Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Whenever you may be exposed to infectious materials you must Whenever you may be exposed to infectious materials you must

wear the appropriate personal protective equipment. PPE places wear the appropriate personal protective equipment. PPE places a barrier between you and potentially infectious material.a barrier between you and potentially infectious material.

Here are some basic rules to follow:Here are some basic rules to follow:• PPE should be readily accessiblePPE should be readily accessible• Always wear PPE in exposure situations-Wear a lab coat, Always wear PPE in exposure situations-Wear a lab coat,

gloves and eye protection whenever splashing is imminentgloves and eye protection whenever splashing is imminent• Remove and replace PPE that is torn or punctured, or that Remove and replace PPE that is torn or punctured, or that

loses its ability to function as a barrier to potentially infectious loses its ability to function as a barrier to potentially infectious materialsmaterials

• Remove PPE before leaving the work areaRemove PPE before leaving the work area• Dispose of contaminated PPE properly-in biohazard Dispose of contaminated PPE properly-in biohazard

containerscontainers


Types of Personal Protective Equipment Types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):(PPE): GlovesGloves Protective clothing such as, but not limited to, Protective clothing such as, but not limited to,

gowns, aprons, lab coats, clinic jackets, or gowns, aprons, lab coats, clinic jackets, or similar outer garmentssimilar outer garments

Eye protection devices, such as masks, Eye protection devices, such as masks, goggles or glasses with solid side shields, or goggles or glasses with solid side shields, or chin-length face shieldschin-length face shields


Hand HygieneHand Hygiene Most common mode of transmission of pathogens is Most common mode of transmission of pathogens is

via hands!via hands! Often infections acquired in healthcare and research Often infections acquired in healthcare and research

settings are due to not washing your hands. settings are due to not washing your hands. Employees must wash their hands with soap and Employees must wash their hands with soap and

water:water:• immediately, or as soon as feasible, after removal of gloves immediately, or as soon as feasible, after removal of gloves

or other PPE. or other PPE. • whenever they leave the work area, go on break, or before whenever they leave the work area, go on break, or before

eating. eating. • following contact with blood or other potentially infectious following contact with blood or other potentially infectious

materials. materials.


Engineering controlsEngineering controls Containment is the concept of managing Containment is the concept of managing

materials to reduce or eliminate potential materials to reduce or eliminate potential exposures to personnel, the general public exposures to personnel, the general public and the outside environment.and the outside environment.• Primary containment consists of good Primary containment consists of good

microbiological techniques, appropriate microbiological techniques, appropriate vaccinations or immunizations, appropriate PPE vaccinations or immunizations, appropriate PPE and safety equipment. and safety equipment.


Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls Needlestick Prevention:Needlestick Prevention:

• Sharps disposal containers, self-sheathing Sharps disposal containers, self-sheathing needles, safer medical devices, such as sharps needles, safer medical devices, such as sharps with engineered sharps injury protections and with engineered sharps injury protections and needleless systems are used to isolate or remove needleless systems are used to isolate or remove certain blood-borne pathogens hazards from the certain blood-borne pathogens hazards from the workplace. workplace.

Accidents and InjuriesAccidents and Injuries If you are exposed to blood or other potentially infectious If you are exposed to blood or other potentially infectious

or hazardous materials, follow these steps:or hazardous materials, follow these steps: If you experience a needlestick or sharps injury, If you experience a needlestick or sharps injury,

immediately wash needlesticks or cuts with soap and immediately wash needlesticks or cuts with soap and water. water.

Splashes to the nose, mouth, or skin should be flushed Splashes to the nose, mouth, or skin should be flushed with water. with water.

Irrigate eyes using eyewash, for 10 to 15 minutes. Irrigate eyes using eyewash, for 10 to 15 minutes. Report the incident to your supervisor. Report the incident to your supervisor. ColoradoColorado State State

law requires you to notify your supervisor in writing law requires you to notify your supervisor in writing within 4 days of an accident, injury or exposure.within 4 days of an accident, injury or exposure.

Immediately seek medical treatment..

SummarySummary

Treat all human blood, bodily fluids and Treat all human blood, bodily fluids and other potentially infectious materials as if other potentially infectious materials as if they are infectiousthey are infectious

There are 3 major Blood-borne pathogens: There are 3 major Blood-borne pathogens: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV.Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV.

The most common mode of transmission The most common mode of transmission of pathogens is the handsof pathogens is the hands

Wear proper PPE in exposure situationsWear proper PPE in exposure situations

Documents

Biohazard Safety Training