Biogas Utilization - BioEnergyFarm 2 · 2016-02-24 · Biogas Utilization..more than CHP Berry de Jong (CCS) Small scale gas utilization techniques Small scale gas utilization 2

Biogas Utilization

..more than CHP

Berry de Jong (CCS)

Small scale gas utilization

techniques

Small scale gas utilization 2

Content

1. Energy on the farm

2. Combined Heat & Power

3. Heat

4. Biogas

5. Biomethane

1. Fuel

2. Grid

6. Other


Energy use on the farmEnergy use

per animal

Electricity

(kWh)

Electricity

(MJ)

Natural Gas

(m³)

Natural Gas

(MJ)

Milking cows 456 1634 16,7 525

Sows 182 654 43,5 1375

Pigs for meat 37 136 3 94

Laying hens 3,1 11 0 0


Source: based on Energiebesparing en – benchmark in de agrarische sector’ AgentschapNL 2011

Energy use on the farm (2)


Farm sizeElectricity

(kWh)

Electricity

(MJ)

Natural

Gas (m³)

Natural

Gas (MJ)

Milking

cows

100

30045,600

136,800

163,400

490,200

1,670

5,010

52,500

157,500

Sows500

1,000

91,000

182,000

327,000

654,000

21,750

43,500

687,500

1,375,000

Pigs for

meat

1,000

5,00037,000

185,000

136,000

680,000

3,000

15,000

94,000

470,000

Laying

hens

15,000

30,000

46,500

93,000

165,000

330,000

15,000

30,000

Source: based on Energiebesparing en – benchmark in de agrarische sector’ AgentschapNL 2011

Energy use vs energy potential

on the farm


Farm size

(# animals)

Electricity

used (kWh)

Electricity

produced

(kWh)

Natural

Gas used

(m³)

Natural Gas

produced

(m³)

Milking

cows

100

30045,600

136,800

107,500

375,000

1,670

5,010

34,000

102,000

Sows500

1,000

91,000

182,000

63,000

145,000

21,750

43,500

22,500

45,000

Pigs for

meat

1,000

5,00037,000

185,000

60,000

400,000

3,000

15,000

21,750

108,750

Laying

hens

15,000

30,000

46,500

93,000

75,850

180,000

500

1,000

26,300

52,500

-

50.000

100.000

150.000

200.000

250.000

300.000

350.000

400.000

450.000

100 300 500 1.000 1.000 5.000 15.000 30.000

Milking cows Sows Pigs for meat Laying hens

kW

h

Electricity use on the farm

Electricity potential of the biogas plant mono-manure


on the farm (2)Electricity


-

20.000

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000

120.000

-

2.000.000

4.000.000

6.000.000

8.000.000

10.000.000

12.000.000

14.000.000

100 300 500 1.000 1.000 5.000 15.000 30.000

Milking cows Sows Pigs for meat Laying hens

m³

na

tura

l g

as e

q.

kW

h

Heat (Natural Gas) use of the farm

Heat potential of the biogas plant on the farm mono-manure


on the farm (3)Heat


• Only for sows the potential production of energy

equals the use of energy on farm

• Electricity is 2 to 3 times higher production

• Heat (Gas eq.) is 10 to 50 times higher

production

Energy has to be sold



on the farm (4)

Experiences co-digesters

Situation in the Netherlands, but also relevant for other countries

• Digesters were primarily designed for electricity production

• Changing markets– Decrease of electricity price

– Increase price of co-substrates

• Bankruptcy of digesters

… With no heat valorization


Options for gas utilization

There are multiple options for gas use:

1. Combined Heat & Power (CHP)

2. Heat

3. Biogas

4. Biomethane

5. Other


Option 1: CHP

• Most used for large scale digestion

• Production of electricity and process heat

– Heat for own use

– Electricity partly for own use, partly sold

• For small scale heat valorization is difficult

• Electricity feed-in is subsidized money


Option 1: CHP


Option 1: CHP

Pros:

• Simple technique

• Proven technology

• Easy offset of energy

• Heat for free on farm

Cons:

• Only electricity

• If electricity price

drops, BC drops

• Difficult heat

valorization

• Low energy efficiency


Option 1: CHP

• Especially small scale low electric efficiency

• Part of heat used for process


Option 1: CHP

• Efficiency drops fast for small scale CHP


Option 2: Heat

Heat production by boilers or CHP (Related to option 3: Biogas)

Heat delivery to:• On farm processes

• District heating

• Industry

• Swimming pool

• Etc.

In most countries heat delivery not subsidized topic for lobby work


Option 2: Heat

Pros:

• Simple technique


• High energy efficiency

• Low costs (investment & maintenance

Cons:

• Heat demand not (always) stable over year

• Depended of end user(s)

• In most countries not subsidized

• Heat pipes only usable at short distances


Option 2: Heat

• Low energy losses

• Only possible at short distances


Option 3: BiogasDirect sales of (un-treated) biogas

• Transport via:

1. Biogas grid or

2. Biogas tank transport

Delivery to:

• Industry

• Swimming pools

• District heating

Possibility with satellite CHP


Option 3: Biogas

In most countries biogas sales not

subsidized

1. Option with satellite CHP

2. Selling of the heat

3. Lobby for subsidy scheme for raw biogas


Option 3: Biogas

Pros:

• No upgrading needed

• No CHP needed



• Low maintenance costs

• Possible at longer

distances

Cons:

• Biogas often not

subsidized

• Depended of end user(s)

• New infrastructure needed


Option 3: Biogas


• Dutch example biogas grid

• 20 dairy farms

• 3 end users

• 14 km gas grid

Option 3: Biogas

• High energy efficiency when used in industrial burners

• Minimal energy losses


Option 4: Bio Methane

Sales of bio methane as:

1. Natural gas substitute

– Grid injection

2. Transport fuel

– Feed-in in natural gas grid

– Selling via tank station

– Off set with tank transport



Upgrading options

1. Farm scale

2. Centralized

(farms connected via

biogas pipes and one

central upgrading system)



Pros:


• Higher revenues

• 24/7 feed-in

• Savings on transport fuel

Cons:

• Complex technique

• High operational costs

• Not in every country subsidized

• For fuel high pressure is needed


Option 1- 4: energy efficiency


Option 5: Other options

Combinations of techniques:

• CHP & Biomethane

• Biomethane and dual-fuel tractor

• CHP & digestate treatment

– Pasteurization of thick fraction

– Chemical-like fertilizer production


General remarks• All presented options are feasible at farm-scale

(in the Netherlands) – CHP >100 dairy cows

– Heat >100 diary cows, but depending on heat use close by

– Biogas >90 dairy cows, but depending on heat use close by

– Bio Methane > 250 dairy cows

(numbers based on our own experiences and feasibility studies)

• Geographical details important in choice of technique

• Lobby work needed in countries with no biomethane or sustainable heat subsidies


Decision makingSome steps in doing a FS:

1. What is the own energy use, electrical & heat

2. Is there heat use close by <1 km

3. Is there large heat use close by <5 km – industry with steam production,

– swimming pool,

– piggery

– etc.

4. Are there other large energy users close by <5 km – elderly houses,

– hospitals,

– district heating

5. Is Biomethane feed-in possible at site

6. Are there other processes thinkable that may use the produced energy


Decision makingSome steps in doing a FS1. What is the own energy use, electrical & heat

Yes? CHP or boiler

2. Is there heat use close by <1 kmYes? CHP or boiler & heat network

3. Is there large heat use close by <5 km (industry with steam production, swimming pool, etc.)Yes? Biogas grid (& satellite CHP)

4. Are there other large energy users close by <5 km (elderly houses, hospitals, district heating)Yes? Biogas grid & satellite CHP or boiler

5. Is bio methane feed-in possible at siteYes? Biogas upgrading & grid feed-in

6. Are there other processes thinkable that may use the produced energy Yes? Expertise of the experts is tested to the max!


Conclusion

1. There is more (and better) than CHP

2. Details will make or break the case

3. Sometimes subsidy schemes have to be adapted

4. Farm scale digestion has a huge potential, and it is our

job to help farmers (and other stakeholders)

recognizing that!


The use of the offline expert feasibility

calculator for small scale digestion34

Other outputs of the

BioEnergy Farm 2 project• Leaflets with case studies

• Market overview– Microscale digestion in Europe

• Policy guideline– What policymakers should know about small scale biogas installations

• Implementation Guideline– From idea to implementation

• Tools– Business plan and Calculation tool

– Manuals

• Training sessions– Slides from presentations



Information for:

Farmers

• Online tool (simple)

• What is micro scale digestion

• Market overview

• Digestate treatment

• From Idea from Implementation

• Case studies

• Agenda with events

• Etc.



Information for:

• Policy makers

• Benefits of MSD

• Emissions

• Sustainable energy

• Social aspects

• Etc.



Information for:

• Experts

• Training material

• Tools

• Manuals





x



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Available in 6 languages and for 7 countries• English (7 countries)

• Germany (German)

• Netherlands (Dutch)

• France (French)

• Belgium (Dutch & French)

• Poland (Polish)

• Italy (Italian)

• Denmark (Danish)

Thank you for your attention


Documents

Biogas Utilization - BioEnergyFarm 2 · 2016-02-24 · Biogas Utilization..more than CHP Berry de Jong (CCS) Small scale gas utilization techniques Small scale gas utilization 2