Biochemistry- Day 1

BiochemistryWhat is organic chemistry?What are carbohydrates?What are lipids?What are proteins?What are nucleic acids?Special chemicals of life

Organic ChemistryORGANIC means comes from and found in LIVING thingsORGANIC molecules must contain CARBON (C) and HYDROGEN (H)Most organic molecules have a CARBON BACKBONE (chain)C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-CWhat is so cool about carbon?Carbon makes very strong bonds!Likes to bond to ITSELF and other elements

Inorganic MoleculesInorganic means NOT derived from a living thingMolecular formulas DO NOT contain both C and H at the same timeMany inorganic molecules and substances that living things rely on:Water (H2O)Salt (NaCl)Phosphate (H3PO4)

Which of these molecules is organic?H2OCH4C6H12O6CO2O2C6H14N2O2 C5H6N2O2Fe2O3MacromoleculesMeans Giant moleculesALL BIG THINGS ARE MADE OF SMALLER THINGS RIGHT?Four (4) types of Organic Macromolecules:CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids

Carbs: The Video Clip

Carbohydrates (SUGARS)Elements Present:Carbon, Hydrogen, OxygenJob (Function) in Living Things:Main source of FOOD ENERGYBuilding Blocks:Called Simple sugarsLinked together to make complex (BIG) sugarsGlucose is a simple sugarMany glucose molecules linked together makes STARCHSTARCH is a complex (BIG) sugar

Glucose structure

1 molecule of glucoseStarch structure

Lipids: The Video Clip

Lipids (Fats)Elements:Carbon, Hydrogen, OxygenMostly H and CFunctions (Jobs) in Living Things:Stores energyParts of membranesChemical messengers (hormones)Identification:Oily and greasyVERY LONG carbon chainEx. Butter, oils, waxes

Protein: The Video Clip

ProteinsElements present:Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and NitrogenJobs (Functions) in Living Things:Control rates of reactions (ENZYMES)Help form bones, muscles and other tissuesTransport molecules (Hemoglobin in blood)

Proteins contBuilding blocks:Called Amino Acids20 different AAs that can be linked to form a protein!Amino Acids are linked in any order and in any number to make endless numbers of proteins!Proteins are also called POLYPEPTIDES.Amino Acids

Molecular Structure of Proteins

Building blocks make the molecule!Put Legos together (the building blocks) to make a macromolecule.Name your protein.Tell us the function (job) of your proteinNucleic AcidsElements present:Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, PhosphorusJob (Function) in Living Things:Store and transmit GENETIC informationIdentification:Helix-shapedTwo types of Nucleic Acids:DNA (Deoxy-ribo-Nucleic-Acid)RNA (Ribo-Nucleic-Acid)Building BlocksCalled Nucleotides or Subunits

Nucleic Acids: The Video Clip

Lets look closer at one nucleotideNucleotides have 3 partsPhosphateRibose sugarNitrogen Base (1 of 4)Each nucleotide is connected across to another nucleotideEach nucleotide is also connected to another above and belowThis forms the laddershaped DNA or RNA molecule