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Biobased Technologies as the Forefront for the Value Addition to the Palm Oil Industry
A NIDUS PORTFOLIO COMPANY
Corporate 1005 N Warson Road, Suite 401 St. Louis, MO 63132
Laboratory 505 S Rosa Road, Suite 112 Madison, WI 53719
BIOMALAYSIA 2015 Kuala Lampur
August 17 - 19, 2015
Biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms.
• Wood • Lignocellulose
• Non-Wood • Oil, Sugar, Starch
• Animal • Fats, Proteins
2
What is Biomass?
22M
http://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?commodity=palm-oil&
Bagasse 189 (Top 10 Markets)
Pulp 95 (Top 4 Markets)
POEFBs 22 (SE Asian Markets)
Mass in dry MMT/yr
BZ 53M
CN 15M
IN 25M
VN 32M TH 14M
MX 14M
AU 14M
CO 9M
PK 4M
US 9M
http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Energy/Bagasse/Production
http://www.forestindustries.se/documentation/statistics_ppt_files/international/global_pulp_production_by_region
NA 46M
CA 16M
AS 15M EU 18M
3
Primary Industry By-Product Plentiful and Geographically Dispersed
Aggregated Biomass
• 5.0M hectares cultivated – 19.6 M tonnes crude palm oil/year
• 1,000 kg Fresh Fruit Bunch Yield – 234 kg Empty Fruit Bunch – 225 kg Crude Palm Oil – 180 kg Fibre – 180 kg Sludge – 73 kg Wet Shell – 67 kg Kernals
• 20M tonnes Empty Fruit Bunches/year available for conversion • Does not include fronds, trunks, or other biomass types
http://bepi.mpob.gov.my/index.php/statistics/production/125-production-2014/659-production-of-crude-oil-palm-2014.html4
Malaysia Oil Palm Biomass
http://lipidlibrary.aocs.org/processing/palmoil/index.htm
http://www.mpob.gov.my/en/palm-info/environment/520-achievements
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Lignocellulosic Biomass
Cellulose
“Native” Lignin
Hemicellulose
BHMF
Glucose
HMF
Furfural
Biomass to Chemicals Opportunities
Value Addition
Dissolving Pulp Paper Pulp
DMF
Ethanol (by others)
Ethanol (by others)
Xylose
Levulinic Acid GVL
FDCA BHMTHF
Forest Products Lab Collaboration
University of Tennessee Collaboration
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Economic Opportunity - Malaysia
http://www.renewablematter.eu/art/44/The_War_for_Biomass
http://bepi.mpob.gov.my/index.php/statistics/production/125-production-2014/659-production-of-crude-oil-palm-2014.html
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Palm Oil Production (tonnes)
7
Product Price (USD/mt) HMF Derivatives 7,000 Furfural 1,400 Pulp (Dissolving) 800 Lignin (Product) 600+ Palm Oil 500 Pulp (Paper) 450 Glucose 320 Lignin (Fuel) 100
Diversification Opportunity
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Jul-
10
Dec
-10
Ma
y-1
1
Oct
-11
Mar
-12
Au
g-1
2
Jan
-13
Jun
-13
No
v-1
3
Ap
r-14
Sep
-14
Feb
-15
Jul-
15
Palm Oil Price (USD)
Producing a variety of high value chemicals and materials
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Palm Oil Revenues ~USD 2,000/Hectare/Year Biomass Conversion Revenues ~USD 750/Hectare/Year (lignin as fuel)
~USD 1,000/Hectare/Year (lignin as product)
Additive Revenues – EFB’s only
Product Line Extension Strategy
Capturing and retaining more value in Malaysia
• Biomass Conversion Premise – USD 190 - 260 Revenue/mt (moist) EFB
• GDP Contribution from 50% EFB Conversion – USD 3.8B - 5.2B
• Question? – How to transform abundant EFBs (and other biomass)
into a resource to make higher value products?
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Biomass Use to Increase Malaysia’s GDP
• Aqueous Enzymatic Hydrolysis – Enzymes used to catalyze biomass deconstruction
• Aqueous Acid Hydrolysis – Protic acid used to catalyze biomass deconstruction
• Aqueous Supercritical Hydrolysis – Supercritical water (374 Deg C and 221 bar) used to catalyze biomass deconstruction
• Pyrolysis – Thermochemical decomposition of biomass at high temperatures absent oxygen
• Gasification – Biomass conversion into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide
• Hydrothermal Liquifaction – Biomass conversion into bio-oil or biocrude under moderate temperature and high
pressure
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Biomass Conversion Alternatives
• Organic Liquid Phase Catalysis – Same hydrolysis chemistry, novel solvent
• Gamma Valerolactone (GVL)
• Peer reviewed technology – Published in Science and Green Chemistry journals
• Renewable and Environmentally Friendly – Made from biomass – Food additive in low concentrations
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GlucanBio Biomass Conversion
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• Gamma-Valerolactone (GVL)
– Increased reactivity of mineral acids:
• Hydrolysis reaction rates (100 X vs. water)
• Dehydration reaction rates (30 X vs. water)
• Low severity hydrolysis (time, temperature and acid concentration)
– Biomass flexibility - Works with a variety of lignocellulosic biomass types
• Can use “wet” biomass or mixes of biomass
– Solubilizes lignin/humins for subsequent recovery
• Minimizes formation of solids inside the reactor
– High concentrations of furfural and C6 sugars can be achieved
– Biomass fractionation – Separate C5 , C6 sugars, and lignin streams
• Sugars are suitable for fermentation or production of furans
– Stable under reaction conditions
GVL Solvent Advantages
Summary of C5 extraction from Various Malaysian Samples using Triversa ProcessTM
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Yie
ld (
%)
C5 sugars Furfural
Biomass Analysis – C5 Extraction
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EFB, 2nd Layer Bark, Coconut Shell, Mesocarp Fibers and PK Shells are competitive with traditional sources of furfural (corn cobs, oat hulls, bagasse)
The cellulosic fraction (C6 sugars) can be converted into glucose in minutes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
7 17 27 37 47 57
Yie
ld (
%)
Time (min)
Levulinic acid
HMF
Glucose
270-300 kg of glucose can be produced from MT of dry EFB
EFB pulp
Cellulose to Glucose – Minutes vs. Days
14
15
Biomass Analysis
Sago Pith Hexosan (C6) = 55.8% (Starch = 33%) Pentosan (C5)= 9.7%
Sago Bark Hexosan (C6) = 38.7% Pentosan (C5)= 16.7%
Nipah Leaves Hexosan (C6) = 25.2% Pentosan (C5)= 15.0%
Wood Chips Hexosan (C6) = 37.8% Pentosan (C5)=12.1%
Sago 2nd Layer Bark Hexosan (C6) = 39.6% Pentosan (C5)= 22.9%
Empty Fruit Bunches Hexosan (C6) = 34.2% Pentosan (C5)= 22.5%
Coconut Shell Hexosan (C6) = 25.3% Pentosan (C5)= 25.0%
Coconut Husk Hexosan (C6) =19.9% Pentosan (C5)= 14.2%
Pentosan (C5) -> Xylan (major) + (Mannan+Galactan) (minor) + Arabinan
Structural Carbohydrate Analysis of Malaysian Biomass
Mesocarp Fibers Hexosan (C6) = 30.3% Pentosan (C5)= 26.6%
Palm Kernel Shells Hexosan (C6) = 21.9% Pentosan (C5)= 25.9%
Oil Palm Stalks Hexosan (C6) = 36.0% Pentosan (C5)= 25.7%
Oil Palm Rachis Hexosan (C6) = 28.3% Pentosan (C5)= 21.7%
Decanted Cake Hexosan (C6) = 16.9% Pentosan (C5)= 11.9%
Pruned Leaves Hexosan (C6) = 17.5% Pentosan (C5)= 15.1%
Structural Carbohydrate Analysis of Malaysian Biomass
Pentosan (C5) -> Xylan (major) + (Mannan+Galactan) (minor) + Arabinan
Biomass Analysis
16
GlucanBio’s
Triversa ProcessTM Hat Trick
Simultaneous Deconstruction and Refinement
$
Three Product Co-Production
= Cost Disruption
High Biomass Loading
No Enzymes or Microbes
Proprietary Technology
>95% C5
> 90% C6
> 95% L
Product Purity Furfural >98%
Cellulose >96% Lignin >98%
Pure Diverse High
Yielding Revenue Hat Trick
18
GlucanBio Techno-Economics
• 50,000+ (dry) mt/yr size-scale • Reasonable biomass logistics • Complements oil palm mill by-product production
• Partnering Model • GlucanBio provides technology • Biomass owner provides capital • Biomass owner and GlucanBio partner to make money
• Modest Capital • ~USD 45M
• Products and Expandable Platform • Furfural, glucose, lignin for fuel • Future glucose and lignin upgrades to specialty products
• Attractive IIR • ~+20% with lignin as fuel • 30%+ with lignin as product
Team of Experienced Problem Solvers
Larry Clarke
CEO Jeff Fornero, Ph.D
VP Engineering
David Alonso, Ph.D
Director R&D
Sikander Hakim, Ph.D
Engineer R&D
James Dumesic,
Ph.D Founder,
Brent Shanks, Ph.D
Founder, Director,
CBiRC,
Duke Leahey, Ph.D
IP & Licensing
• 170 years of commercialization experience • 630 scientific publications with 29,000 citations • Early stage engineering scale-up and IP management experience
Advisory Board
Vicki Gonzalez
Managing Partner
Nidus Partners
Terry Sutter
Aurora Capital
Victoria Holt
CEO, Proto Labs
Peter Keeling
Founder
A NIDUS PORTFOLIO COMPANY
Larry Clarke [email protected]
314-258-0192
For more information:
Private Investment
Winner - Sofinnova Partners Renewable Chemistry Start-up Award
