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10/25/14 1 Unit 1: History of the Universe Lecture 1: Big Bang Theory Cosmology Study of the universe It’s nature, origin, and evolution Big Bang Theory Humans have always gazed towards the stars and wondered how the universe developed into what it is today. One of the most famous and widely accepted models for the universe’s development is the big bang theory Origin of Big Bang Theory Big Bang Theory True or False? Big Bang Theory describes the origin of the universe The Big Bang was an explosion

Big Bang Theory PPT - Weeblygharibess.weebly.com/.../6/13466856/big_bang_theory_ppt.pdf · 2018-09-07 · 10/25/14 1 Unit%1:%History%of%the% Universe% Lecture%1:%Big%Bang%Theory%%

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10/25/14  

1  

Unit  1:  History  of  the  Universe  

Lecture  1:  Big  Bang  Theory    

Cosmology  

•  Study  of  the  universe  

–  It’s  nature,  origin,  and  evolution    

Big  Bang  Theory  

•  Humans  have  always  gazed  towards  the  stars  

and  wondered  how  the  universe  developed  

into  what  it  is  today.    

•  One  of  the  most  famous  and  widely  accepted  

models  for  the  universe’s  development  is  the  

big  bang  theory  

Origin  of  Big  Bang  Theory  

Big  Bang  Theory      

True  or  False?  

•  Big  Bang  Theory  describes  the  origin  of  the  universe  

•  The  Big  Bang  was  an  explosion    

 

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Big  Bang  Theory  

•  Describes  an  expansion  of  space  itself  while  

gravity  holds  matter  in  check.    

Outward  Expansion  

•  The  Universe  has  two  opposing  forces  

– Force  of  Gravity    

– Momentum  of  expansion  

Rate  of  expansion?  

•  Rate=  speed  at  which  something  moves=  

distance/time    

•  When  rate  is  known  :  

– Can  calculate  time  since  expansion  started  

– Which  leads  to  age  of  the  universe    

Hubble  (Expansion)  Constant  

•  Also  known  as  H  

•  If  known,  then  the  age  of  the  universe  can  be  

determined  

 

Age  of  the  Universe  

Best  value  of  H  by  Hubble  Space  Telescope  data  +  

 Data  on  the  cosmic  background  radiation  =  

 

 Age  of  the  Universe  =  13.7  billion  years  

An  Accidental  Discovery  

•  1965    

•  Scientists  heard  constant  

background  noise  in  their  

radio  antenna    

•  Noise=  weak  radiation  

 

Cosmic  Background  Radiation  

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An  Accidental  Discovery  

•  https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=hcds5Ob59Dg  

Cosmic  Background  Radiation  

•  Came  from  all  directions  in  space  and  

matched  with  another  emitting  object  having  

a  temp.  of  2.725  K  (-­‐270°C)    

•  So  the  radiation  is  leftover  from  the  Big  

Bang...  

Map  of  CBR  

Cosmic  Pie  Modern  Day  

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Outcomes  of  the  Universe  

•  Open    

–  Expansion  never  stops  •  Gravity  can’t  stop  it  

•  Closed  –  Expansion  stops  –  Starts  to  contract  

•  Flat  –  Expansion  slows  to  a  halt  in  an  infinite  amount  of  time  

Redshift    

•  Another  way  we  know  that  the  Universe  is  

expanding!!!  

•  Redshift  describes  how  light  changes  as  

objects  in  space  (stars  and  galaxies)  move  

farther  

•  http://youtu.be/FhfnqboacV0?t=11s  

 

The  Hubble  Distance  -­‐  Redshift  Relationship