402

BIBLIOGRAPHY

403

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abdalla, A. , Berry, P. , Connell, P. , Tran, Q. , Bueltre, B. (2003), “Agricultural Biotechnology - Potential Use in Developing Countries”, ABARE Report, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 17: pp. 1-57. Acharya S.S. & Chaudhri D.P. (2001 eds.), “Emerging Issues in Indian Agriculture”, Indian Agricultural Policy at the Crossroads. Addison K.,(2008),“10 Reasons Why We Don't Need GM Foods”, Fri, 28 Nov. <http://www.bangmfood.org/images/stories/10reasons.pdf> AEBC, Agriculture and Environment Biotechnology Commission, (2002), “Looking Ahead-An AEBC Horizon Scan”, London; Department of Trade and Industry, p 50. AGERI, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, (2002), “Development of Transgenic Barely with Improved Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses”. Available; http://www.ageri.sci.eg/topic6/barely.htm AGERI, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, (2003), “Production of Transgenic Banana Plants Resistant to Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) and/or Banana-Cucumber Masaic Cucumovirus (Banana-CMV)”. Available: http://www.ageri.sci.eg/topic6/banana.htm Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project (2002), “Biotechnology Research and Policy Activities of ABSP in Egypt; 1991-2002”. Available ; http://www.iia.msu.edu/absp/egypt-absp.pdf.. Altieri, M. and Rosset, P. (2001), “Ten Reasons Why Biotechnology Will Not Ensure Food Security, Protect The Environment And Reduce Poverty In The Developing World” http://agbioforum.org/volno34/altieri.htm Ammann K. (2005) “Effects Of Biotechnology On Biodiversity: Herbicide-Tolerant And Insect-Resistant GM Crops”, Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 23, Issue 8, August, pp.388-394. http://www.sciencedirect.com Anderson, K., Valenzuela, E., Jackson, L.(2006), “ Recent and Prospective Adoption of Genetically Modified Cotton: A Global CGE Analysis of Economic Impacts”, World Bank Policy Working Paper No. 3917: PP.1-27. A brief History of Agricultural Biotechnology-web.aces.uiuc.edu/wf/tutorials/GMOs/Annex%201.htm APCoAB , Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology, (2006), “Bt Cotton in India-A Status report”, New Delhi, India: Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology.

404

http://www.parc.gov.pk/bt_cotton.pdf#search=%22apcoab%202006%22 Asia Pulse/PIT (2006), “Biotech Crops Find Fertile Ground In India”, New Delhi, South Asia, Feb 4. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HB04Df03.html ASSOCHAM and IMRB (2007), “Economic Benefits Of Bt Cotton Cultivation In India. In Bt Cotton Farming In India”, ASSOCHAM (Association of Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India), IMRB (Indian Market ResearchBureau International), New Delhi, India. ASSOCHAM (2007),” Bt Cotton Farming In India”,ASSOCHAM (Association of Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India), New Delhi, India. Azeez G. and Nunan. C. (2008) “GM Crops – The Health Effects”, Soil Association, Printed by Wells Printing Services, February.www.soilassociation.org Background Note on Bt Cotton Cultivation in India; http://envfor.nic.in

Balasubramanian, D. (2002), “Why So Hot On Bt Cotton?”, The Hindu, Sci-Tech, Online edition of India's National Newspaper, Thursday, Apr 11.

Bambawale, O.M. Singh, A., Sharma, O.P, Bhole, B.B.,Lavekar, R.C., Dhandapati,A., Kanwar, V., Tanwar, R.K., Rathod, K.S., Patange, N.R.And Pawar, V.M. (2004), “Performance Of Bt Cotton (Mech162) Under Integrated Pest ,Managenment In Farmers’ Participatory Field Trail in Nanded District, Central India ”, Current Science, 86: pp.1628-1623.

Barwale, R.B., Gadwale, V.R., Zehr, B. (2004), “Prospects For Bt Cotton Technology In India”, Agbioforum, 7(1&2),PP.23-26. Barwale, R. B., Mukherjee, K. S. and Gadwal, V. R. (1999), “Transgenic Cotton And Biotechnological Approaches In Cotton Improvement Research”. In Handbook of cotton in India. Indian Society for Cotton Improvement, (Eds) sundaram, V., Basu, A. K., Krishna Iyer, K. R., Narayanan, S. S. and Rajendran, T. P. Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai,pp.246-255. Basel Switzerland,(1999), “The Significance of Transgenic Plants for Developing Countries”, Agencies BATS and BICS of the Swiss Priority Programme Biotechnology, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), November 29-1 December Vienna, Austria. -Parida A., “Issues and Perspectives of Transgenic Crops in the Asia-Pacific Region” M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Institutional Area, Taramani, Chennai 600113, INDIA. http://www.bats.ch/bats/events/1999-12_dev_countries/transPlantsDevCountries.pdf

Benefits Assessment. Revised BT Crops Assessment. EPA(Environment Protection Act). 2001. www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/otherdocs/bt_reassess/6-Benefits.pdf.

405

Bennett, R., Ismael, Y., Morse, S., & Shankar, B. (2004), “Reductions In Insecticide Use From Adoption Of Bt Cotton In South Africa: Impacts On Economic Performance And Toxic Load To The Environment”, Journal of Agricultural Science, 142 ,pp. 665-674.

Bennett, R.M., Ismael, Y., Kambhampati, U., & Morse, S. (2004), “Economic Impact Of Genetically Modified Cotton In India”, AgBioForum, 7(3), pp.96-100.

Bennett, R., Ismael, Y., & Morse, S. (2005), “Explaining Contradictory Evidence Regarding Impacts Of Genetically Modified Crops In Developing Countries, Varietal Performance Of Transgenic Cotton In India”, Journal of Agricultural Science, 143, pp. 35-41.

Bennette, R.M, Ismael, Y. Kambhpati, U. &Morse, S. (2006), “Farm Level Economic Performance of Genetically Modified Cotton in Maharashtra, India”, Review of Agricultural Economics, vol. 28, No. 1, pp 59-71.

Bennett, R., Morse S. and Ismael Y.(2006), “The Economic Impact Of Genetically Modified Cotton On South African Smallholders: Yield, Profit And Health Effects”, Journal of Development Studies 42 (4): PP. 662-677.

Bennett, R., Ismael, Y., Morse, S. and Shankar, B.(2004), “Reductions In Insecticide Use From Adoption Of Bt Cotton In South Africa: Impacts On Economic Performance And Toxic Load To The Environment”, Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 142, pp. 665–674. Betz, F., Hammond, B., Fuchs, R. (2000),“Safety and Advantages of Bacillus thuringiensis-Protected Plants to Control Insect Pests”, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 32: pp. 156–173. Bhandari Neena (2008),“India Not Enforcing Safety Norms For GM Crops: UN Study”, May 28 (IANS), Thaindian News ,Sydney. http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/ Bhat S. R. and Chopra V. L., (2006),“Choice Of Technology For Herbicide-Resistant Transgenic Crops In India: Examination Of Issues”, Current Science, Vol. 91, No. 4, 25 August, pp.435-438. Bhatia C. R. And Mitra R (2003) “Consequences Of Gene Flow From Genetically Engineered Crops”, Current Science, Vol. 84, No. 2, 25 January. Bhatia C.R. (2004), “Environmental Impact Of Genetically Engineered Crops”, Newsletter Of ISEB India, Vol. 10 No. 3 – July.

Bhatt, P.M., Ebora R. V., Cohen J. I., Zepeda J. F. and Zambrano P. (2005) “An Overview of Regulation, Perceptions and Priorities for GM Crops In Asian Countries”,Asian Biotechnology and Development Review, Vol. 7, No. 3, Pp-9-24.

Bhattacharya, S. (2003) “GM Crops Boost Yields More in Poor Countries”, New Scientist.com News Service Feb.6. Bhatangar RK(2000) ICGEB Activity Report.

406

http://www.isgeb.org/RESEARCH/ND/Bhatangar.htm Brookes, G. (2002), “The Farm Level Impact of Using Bt Maize in Spain. Agricultural Biotechnology in Europe”, ABE: pp.1-23. Brookes, G.(2003), “The Farm Level Impact of Using Bt Maize in Spain”, 7th ICABR Int'l Conference, Ravello, Italy, June 29 to July 3, 2003: pp. 1-17. Brookes, G., & Barfoot, P. (2005), “GM Crops: The Global Economic and Environmental Impact - The First Nine Years 1996-2004”. AgBioForum, 8(2&3), pp.187-196. Brookes, G. and P. Barfoot (2006), “GM Crops: The First Ten Years - Global Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts”, Brief No. 36. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. ISBN-1-892456-41-9. Brookes, G. (2007), “The Benefits of Adopting Genetically Modified Insect Resistant (Bt) Maize in the European Union (EU): First Results from 1998-2006 Plantings”,. PG Economics Ltd. 39 pages. www.pgeconomics.co.uk Brookes G. and Barfoot P. (2008),“Global Impact of Biotech Crops: Socio-Economic and Environmental Effects, 1996-2006 ”, AgBioForum, 11(1): pp.21-38.

“Bt Cotton –No Respite For Andhra Pradesh Farmers, Kharif 2005 Rreport Of Bt Cotton Performance –vis-à-vis NPM Cotton”. (2006), Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Karnakata.

Business & Industrial Research Division, (2006),“Bt Cotton Cultivation In India; A Report To Understand The Awareness, Perception And Acceptability Of Bt Cotton Seeds Among Cotton Growing Farmers”, All India Crop Biotechnology Association (AICBA), IMRB International, December. http://www.croplifeasia.org/ref_library/biotechnology/IMRB%20REPORT%20DEC-2006.pdf Byrne, Pat, Sarah Ward, Judy Harrington, and Lucy Fuller,(2004) “Transgenic Crops: An Introduction and Resource Guide,” Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University . http:// www.colostate.edu/programs/lifesciences/TransgenicCrops as of April 2004 Carl E. Pray (2006),“Costs And Enforcement Of Biosafety Regulations In India And China”, Int. J. Technology and Globalisation, Vol. 2, Nos. 1/2, pp.137-157. Carpenter, J., Gianessi, L. (2001), “Agricultural Biotechnology: Updated Benefit Estimates”, National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: pp. 1-48. Carpenter, J., Felsot, A., Goode, T., Hammig, M., Onstad, D., Sankula, S.(2002), “Comparative Environmental Impacts of Biotechnology-derived and Traditional Soybean, Corn, and Cotton Crops”, Council for Agricultural Science and Technology CAST: pp.I-189.

407

Carpenter, J., Sankula, S., Silvers, C., Gianessi, L. (2004), “Insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis Plants Versus Chemical Insecticides”, ACS Symposium Series, 866, Agricultural Biotechnology, Chapter 3: pp. 37 - 51.

Carriere K ; Dennehy T J ; Pedersen B Carriere et al., 2001 K. Carriere, T.J. Dennehy, B. Pedersen, S. Haller, C. Ellers-Kirk, L. Antilla, Y.B. Liu, E. Willott and B.E. Tabashnik, Large-scale management of insect resistance to transgenic cotton in Arizona: can transgenic insecticidal crops be sustained?, J. Econ. Entomol. 94 (2001) (2), pp. 315-325.

Caswell, M.F., Fuglie, K., & Klotz, C. (1994). Agricultural Biotechnology: An Economic Perspective (Rep. No. 687). Washington DC: Economic Research Service, USDA.

Cellini, F. A., A. Cheson, I. Colquhoun, A. Constable, H. V. Davies, K. H. Engel, A. M. R. Gatehouse, S. Kärenlampi, E. J. Kok, J. J-Leguay, S. Lehesranta, H. P. J. M. Noteborn, J. Pedersen, and M. Smith. (2004), “Unintended Effects and Their Detection in Genetically Modified Crops”, Food Chem Toxicol 42:pp.1089–1125. Chassy, B.M, Parrott W.A, Roush R., Harlander S., McHughen A. and Wolt J (2005),“Crop Biotechnology and the Future of Food: A Scientific Assessment”, The Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST),pp1-6 October. Chassy B. M. (2008), “Food Safety of Crops and Foods Produced Through Biotechnology”, March 8. http://agribiotech.info/Chassy%20-%20Food%20Safe%20March%208%20-2003.pdf CheckBiotech.com (2008), “GM Food 'Poses no Health Threat”, Cambridge News Online 2008.September 15.; http://www.fbae.org/index.html CheckBiotech (2008), “World Goes For GM Crops To Tackle Food Crisis”, Commodity Online India, Monday, December 15. Coghlan A(2003) “Potato To Feed India’s Poor”, New Scientist 177(2376):p. 7.

Cotton Corporation of India. Available at http://www.cotcorp.com/. Accessed June, 2005.

Chaturvedi S. (2002), “Status and Development of Biotechnology in India: An Analytical Overview”, RIS-DP No 28.

Chopra,P and Kamma, A. “Genetically Modified Crops In India; The Current Status Of GM Crops in India”, Genetic Frenetics, Delhi College of Engineering. www.paraschopra.com/publications/gm/gm.pdf Choudhary, B., and G. Laroia, (2001), “Technological Developments and Cotton Production in India and China”, Current Science 80(8): pp.925–932.

408

Choudhary, B. and Gaur, K. (2009), “The Development and Regulation of Bt Brinjal in India (Eggplant/ Aubergine)”, ISAAA Brief No.38, ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. ISBN: 978-1-892456-43-5. Chrispeels, M (2000), “ Biotechnology and the Poor”, Plant Physiology, pp. 124:pp. 3-6. Cohen, J. (2005), “Poorer Nations Turn to Publicly Developed GM Crops”, Nature Biotechnology. 23(1): pp. 27-33. Colorado State University, Transgenic Crops: An Introduction and Resource Guide (http://www.colostate.edu/programs/lifesciences/TransgenicCrops/risks.html). Conway, G., Toenniessen, G. (1999), “Feeding the World in the Twenty-first Century”, Nature. 402, Suppl. (6761): C55-C58. Council for Biotechnology Information (2005); “Biotech Cotton Produces Bumper Crop in India”; http://www.whybiotech.com/index.asp?id=4802 Crawley M.J, Brown S.L, Hails, R.S, Kohn,D.D, Rees,M. (2001), “Transgenic Crop In Natural Habitats”, Nature 409: PP. 682-3. Da Silveira, J.M.F. ,& Borges, I.d.C. (2005). An Overview Of The Current State Of Agricultural Biotechnology In Brazil. Paper presented at workshop May-June, Bellagio, Italy Damodaran, Harish (2005); “End to Monsanto’s Bt cotton monopoly?”, The Hindu Business Line, Wednesday, April 13. Damodaran H. (2008),“Bt Factor, A Reason For Higher Cotton Output”, , Business Line, Business Daily From The Hindu Group Of Publications, Agri-Biz & Commodities - Bio-Tech & Genetics, New Delhi, Feb. 18. Das , K. (2005), “Bt cotton cultivation: Fact and fiction”. http://www.inforchangeindia.org/index.jsp

Datt ,K., (2001) “Bt Cotton or Better Cotton?”, Research Internship Papers 2001, Centre for Civil Society. :http://www.ccsindia.org/ccsindia/policy/glob/studies/wp0008.pdf

David, G Shourie and Y V S T Sai (2002): “Bt Cotton: Farmers’ Reactions”, Economic and Political Weekly, 37(46), pp 4601-02.

Dawe, D., Robertson, R., Unnevehr, L.( 2002), “Golden Rice - What Role Could it Play in Alleviation of Vitamin A Deficiency”, Food Policy. 27: pp.541-560 .

Demegen (2001),“International plant group collaborate”. Available: http://www.demegen.com/prs/pr011213.htm

409

Demont, M., & Tollens, E. (1999),The Economics of Agricultural Biotechnology: Historical and Analytical Framework (Rep. No. 53). Leuven, Italy: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Economics.

Demont, M., Tollens, E.(2004), “First Impact of Biotechnology in the EU - Bt Maize Adoption in Spain”, Annals of Applied Biology. 145: pp.197-207. Dev, S.M. and N.C. Rao, (2007), “Socio-Economic Impact Of Bt Cotton”, Centre For Economic And Social Studies, (CESS) Monograph No. 3. Hyderabad, India: CESS, November. www.cess.ac.in Devinder Sharma “Bt Cotton : The Flop Show”, April 15, 2003.;www.agbioindia.org. Devraj R., (2005) “India: Calls to Ban GM Crops Intensify After Rats Suffer”, Monday, June 6, Inter Press Service (IPS) New Delhi.:http://www.commondtreams.org/ International Food Policy Research Institute and Research and Information System for Developing Countries. 2007. Economic considerations of biosafety and biotechnology regulations in India: Proceedings of a conference, August 24–25, 2006, New Delhi, India. Washington, D.C.: IFPRI. Editorial Page (2007) “Cottoning On”, The Financial Express (India), June19, http://www.agbios.com/sabp_main.php?action=ShowNewsItem&id=8582,SABP Newsletter

Editorial page (2008), “Food Security Endangered”, 12 January, Economic and Political Weekly, p. 5.

Elizabeth D. K. and Lesser W. (2006), “Who Adopts What Kind of Technologies? The Case of Bt Eggplant in India”,AgBioForum, 9(2):PP. 94-10.

Epstein, Ron. (July 9, 1996), "Why Genetically Engineered Food Should Be Labeled" ,San Francisco State University, Retrieved November 1, 1999. http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~rone/GE%20Essays/GEF%20labelling.htm : 1-5.

“Evaluation of Cotton Production Technologies for Yield, Fiber Quality and Economic Viability”, Principal Investigator: H. L. Gajbhiye, CICR, Nagpur, India..

FAO (1996), “Biotechnology And Food Safety, Report Of A Joint FAO/WHO Consultation”. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 61, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome

EPW (2001): ‘Cotton: Survival Struggle’, Editorial, Economic and Political Weekly, 36(40), p 3798..

FAO,( 2002) “Partnership Formed To Improved Cassava, Staple Food Of 600 Million People”, News Release 5 Nov 2002. Available: http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/10541-en.htm.

410

FAO, The State of Food and Agriculture 2003–2004 (Rome: FAO, 2004), “GRAIN. GM Cotton Set to Invade West Africa: Time to Act”. (GRAIN: Cotonou, Benin, 2004). http://www.grain.org/briefings_files/Btcotton-june-2004-en.pdf.

Food & Agriculture Organization (2004).“Scientific Facts on Genetically Modified Crops”, Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO): The State of Food and Agriculture 2003-2004, pp.1-6. http://www.greenfacts.org/en/gmo/

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2004), The State Of Food And Agriculture 2003-2004: Agricultural Biotechnology Meeting The Needs Of The Poor? Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

FAO (2005), “Genetically Modified Organisms in Crop Production and their effects on the Environment; Methodologies for Monitoring and the way Ahead”, Expert Consultation Report, Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy.

Fernandez-Cornejo, J. And Klotz-Ingram, C. (1998), “Economic, Environmental And Policy Impact Using Genetically Modified Crops For Pest Management”. Select Presented Paper At The 1998 NEREA Meetings. Ithaca, NY 22-23 June.

Fernandez-Cornejo, J., McBride, W.D. (2000), “Genetically Engineered Crops for Pest Management in U.S. Agriculture: Farm-Level Effects”, Economic Research Service/U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Economic Report (AER)-786. Fernandez-Cornejo, J., & Caswell, M.F. (2006), The First Decade Of Genetically Engineered Crops In The United States (Rep. No. 11), An Electronic Report from the Economic Research Service. Washington DC: Economic Research Service, USDA. The Financial Express (2007), “Indian Bt Cotton Farmers Rake In The Profits”, Financial Express - July 11, India.

Fitt, G P ,(1995),“Assessment Of Environmental Impact And Resistance Management Options For Genetically Engineered Cotton Plants Expressing Insecticidal Protein Genes From Bacillus Thuringiensis”, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, in collaboration with CSIRO Division of Entomology, Deltapine Australia, NSW Agriculture, Cotton Seed Distributors and Monsanto Agriculture.

Flasinski, S., Aquino, V., Hautea, R., Kaniewski, W., Lam, N., Ong, C., Pillai, V., Romyanon, K. (2001), “Value of Engineered Virus Resistance in Crop Plants and Technology Cooperation with Developing Countries”, International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research – ICABR: pp.1-22. http://www.economia.uniroma2.it/conferenze/icabr01/nontechabsrtract2001/Falsinski.htm. Frisvold, G.B. (2007), “Economy-wide Impacts of Bt Cotton”, University of Arizona Jeanne M. Reeves, Cotton Incorporated, Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences, January . Fulton, M., & Giannakas, K. (2001), “Agricultural Biotechnology and Industry Structure”, AgBioForum, 4(2), pp.137-151. .

411

Gadwal, V.R, (2003), “The Indian Seed Industry: Its History, Current Status And Future”, Current Science, vol. 84, no3,10 February, P. 399.

Gandhi V and Namboodiri N.V. (2006), “The Adoption and Economics of Bt Cotton in India: Preliminary Results from a Study”, IIMA Working Paper No. 2006-09-04, pp 1-27, Sept. http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/publications/data/2006-09-04_vgandhi.pdf

Gasser C.S. and Fraley R.T.(1989), “Genetically Engineered Plants For Improvement”, Science 224(4910):PP. 1293-9. Gomez-Barbero, M. and Rodriguez-Cerezo, E. (2006), “Economic Impact of Dominant GM Crops Worldwide: a Review”,European Commission, Joint Research Center EUR 22547 EN, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (ipts). http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int

Genetically Modified Foods Present Unprecedented Health Dangers ; http://gefreeaustralia.org/images/GMHealthDangers.pdf

Genetically Modified Insect Resistant Crops With Regard To Developing Countries -InterAcademy Panel Initiative on Genetically Modified Organisms Group of the International Workshop Berlin 2006. http://www.fbae.org/index.htm

Ghosh, P.K. (2000), “Genetically modified crops in India”,Silver Jubilee Lecture Series, Mumbai, India: Indian Society for Cotton Improvement, Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology.

Ghosh, P. K. (2001),“Genetically Engineered Crops In India With Special Reference To Bt Cotton”, IPM Mitr, 1December, pp. 8–28.

Gianessi, L., & Carpenter, J. (1999) “Agricultural Biotechnology: Insect Control Benefits.” Washington, DC: National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy, pp.1-78. http://www.ncfap.org/reports/biotech/insectcontrolbenefits.pdf.

Glare, T.R., O'Callaghan, M. (2000) “Bacillus thuringiensis: Biology, Ecology and Safety,” ISBN 0-471-49630-8.http://www.bt.ucsd.edu/index.html

Glick, H. (2003), “The Billion Dollar Bug - A New Transgenic Solution for Maize Growers”, Int'l Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research. 7th ICABR International Conference, Ravello, Italy, June 29-July 3, 2003: 1-14.

Global Status Of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2006; New Delhi, India, January 18, 2007 http://www.seedquest.com

Glover, Dominic (2002): “Transnational Corporate Science and Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology”, Economic and Political Weekly, 37(27), pp 2734-47.

Gomez-Barbero, M. and Rodriguez-Cerezo, E. (2006), “Economic Impact of Dominant GM Crops Worldwide: a Review”,European Commission, Joint Research Center EUR 22547 EN, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (ipts). http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int

412

Gordon, C. (1998), “The Doubly Green Revolution: Food for all in the 21st Century”, Ithaca, N.Y pub. Cornell University Press.

Goswami B. (2007),“India: Bt Cotton Devastated By Secondary Pests”, InfoChange News & Features, 1 September. India.

Gould, F., Cohen, M. (2000), “Sustainable Use of Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries. Agricultural Biotechnology and the Poor”, G. Persley, M. Lantin, Editors. Proceedings of an International Conference, Washington, DC, USA, 21-22 October, 1999: 139-146. Govindan Parayil, (1992),‘‘The Green Revolution in India: A Case Study of Technological Change,’’ Technology and Culture , 33, 4, pp. 741-744.

Greenpeace, (2008), “Greenpeace Uncovers Illegal GM Food In India”, Greenpeace India Communications, May 02, New Delhi, India. ;http://www.greenpeace.org/india/

Griffin, K. (1974), The Political Economy Of Agrarian Change: An Essay On The Green Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Gruere, G. P., Mehta –Bhatt, P. and Singupta, D. (2008), “Bt Cotton and Farmer Suicides in India; Reviewing the Evidence”, IFPRI Disussion Paper 00808, Environment and Production Technology Division, October. www.ifpri.org/

Gupta, A. K. and Chandak, V. (2005), “Agricultural Biotechnology In India: Ethics, Business And Politics”, International Journal of Biotechnology, 7(1/3), pp.212–27.

Gupta, A. (2005) “Impact of Bt Cotton on Farmers’ Health”, Barwani and Dhar, Madhya Pradesh Oct-Dec, Investigation Report.

Gupta, Anil K and Vikas Chandak (2004), “Agricultural Biotechnology in India: Ethics, Business and Politics”, International Journal of Biotechnology, 10(10),p 16.

Gupta, Govind, “Genetically Engineering Plant”,chapter 40th in Commercialization of Biotechnology for Agriculture and Aquaculture”, Srivastava, V. K, Chandrasekhar, S.(ed),Oxford& IPH publication Co. PVI .LTD New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta. Gupta, P.K (2002), “Genetics: An Overview”, Genetics (3ed), Ramesh Kumar Rastogi, (pub), Meerut, PP. 1-8, ISBN-81-7133-580-2.

‘GM Crops, Modern Agriculture and The Environment’ (2003), Report of a Royal Society Discussion Meeting. www.royalsoc.ac.uk/policy G. Venkataramani,(2001), “Genetic Engeneering, A Useful Tool”, The Hindu, Online edition of India's National Newspaper, Thursday, July 12. Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Plants, 1998 A copy of the guidelines can be accessed at http://www.dbtindia.nic.in.

413

Gruere, G. P., Mehta –Bhatt, P. and Singupta, D. (2008), “Bt Cotton and Farmer Suicides in India; Reviewing the Evidence”, IFPRI Disussion Paper 00808, Environment and Production Technology Division, October. www.ifpri.org/ Hardikar, J. (2006), “Rise Of The Moneylender. Opinion: Vidharba Crisis”, India Together, August3. <http://www.indiatogether.org/2006/aug/opi-vidlender.htm>. Hautea, R. , Escaler, M. (2004), “Plant Biotechnology in Asia”, AgBioForum. 7(1-2):pp. 2-8.

Hazell, P.B.R., & Ramasamy, C. (Eds). (1991). The Green Revolution Reconsidered: The Impact Of High-Yielding Rice Varieties In South India. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Heimlich, R., Fernandez-Cornejo, J., McBride, W., Klotz-Ingram, C., Jans, S., Brooks, N. (2000), “Genetically Engineered Crops: Has Adoption Reduced Pesticide Use?”, Agricultural Outlook: pp.13-17. Herrera-Estrella, L. (1999), “Transgenic Plants for Tropical Regions: Some Considerations about their Development and their Transfer to the Small Farmer”, PNAS. 96(11): pp.5978-5981. Herring, R. J. (2005) ‘Miracle Seeds, Suicide Seeds and the Poor: NGOs, GMOs and Farmers’, in Ray, Raka and Katzenstein, Mary (eds) Social Movements in India: Poverty, Power, and Politics, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, Md., Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

Herring R. J., (2007), “Stealth Seeds: Bioproperty, Biosafety, Biopolitics”, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.130–157, January.

Hodgson, (1999), “Monarch Bt-Corn Paper Questioned”, Nat. Biotechnol. 17,p. 627. Hofs, J., Hau, B., Marais, D.(2006), “Boll Distribution Patterns In Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Cultivars I, Study on Commercial Irrigated Farming Systems in South Africa”, Field Crops Research. 98(2-3): pp. 203-209. Hoisington, D., Khairallah, M., Reeves, T., Ribaut, J., Skovmand, B., Taba, S., Warburton, M. (1999), “ Plant Genetic Resources: What Can They Contribute Toward Increased Crop Productivity”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96(11): pp.5937- 5943. Huang, J., Hu, R., Rozelle, S. and Pray, C. E (2005), “Insect-Resistant GM Rice In Farmers’ Fields: Assessing Productivity And Health Effects In China”, Science, Vol. 308, pp. 688–690. Huesing, J., English, L. (2004),“The Impact of Bt Crops on the Developing World”, AgBioforum. 7(1-2): pp.84-95. ICRA, (2005), “Insecticides/Pesticides, Information, Grading and Research Service”, May. www.inraindia.com

414

ICAI, (2008),“Bt Cotton Evaluation Report of ICAR 2007-08 of Different Zones, ,Various Issues”, ICAR. http://www.cicr.org.in/btcottonevaluation.htm

Indira, A., Bhagavan, M.R., & Virgen, I. (2005), “Agricultural Biotechnology: Expectations, Outcomes And Lessons”, Banglore, India and Stockholm: Center for Budget and Policy Studies and Stockholm Environment Institute.: http://www.agbios.com/docroot/articles/05-268-001.pdf.

IndiaPRwire.com (2008) “Biotech Crops Experience Remarkable Dozen Years Of Double –Digit Growth”, New Delhi, 18 Feb. International Food Policy Research Institute And Research And Information System For Developing Countries,(2007), “Economic Considerations Of Biosafety And Biotechnology Regulations In India: Proceedings Of A Conference”, August 24-25, 2006, New Delhi, India, Washington, D.C.;IFPRI Indiastat (2005), “Bt Cotton Adoption By State 2002–2005”; <http://www.indiastat.com>. Accessed February, 2008. Indiastat (2006),“Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2878, June 12, 2006 and Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No.1809, dated August 11, 2006”; <http://www.indiastat.com>. IRRI (2001), “Greenpeace Visits IRRI Collaboration Brings Health Benefits Nearer”. Available; http://www.irri.org/vis/line2001.htm ISAAA (International Service for the Acquisition of Agricultural Biotechnology Applications), (2006), “Fact Sheet On Approved Bt Cotton Hybrids In India”. <http://www.isaaa.org/kc> ISAAA (2007), “University Report Cites Benefits of Bt Cotton to Indian Farmers”, ISAAA, August 24. http://www.monsanto.com/biotech-gmo/asp/default.asp Ismael, Y., Bennett,R. and Morse. S.(2002), “Farm-level economic impact of biotechnology: smallholder Bt cotton farmers in South Africa”. Outlook on Agriculture 31 (2): PP.107-111. Ismael, Y., Bennett, R.(2004), “The Potential Benefits of Agricultural Biotechnology and the Problems of European Attitudes to Biotechnology for the Economics of Small Island Developing States”, University of Reading, Dept of Agricultural and Food Economics: pp.1-19. Iyengar S. and Lalitha N. (2007), “GM Cotton in Gujarat: General Madness or Genuine Miracle?”, Asian Biotechnology and Development Review, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp 45-81. Jalali, S.K., Mohan, K.S., Singh, S.P., Manjunath, T.M. and Lalitha, Y. (2004), “Baseline susceptibility of the old world bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) populations from India to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac insecticidal protein” Crop Protection, 23 (1): pp.53-59.

415

James, C. and Krattiger ,A.F. (1996), “Global Review of the Field Testing and Commercialization of Transgenic Plants, 1986 to 1995: The First Decade of Crop Biotechnology”, ISAAA Briefs No. 1. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY, USA. pp. 31. James, C. (1997), “Global Status of Transgenic Crops”, Briefs No. 5. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. pp.31. Joshi, S.N.,( 1998) “India Too Can Feed Her Billion plus”, Annesake, , PP 29-45 James, C. (1998), “Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops”,Briefs No.8. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. ISBN: 1-892456-10-9 James, C. (1999), “Global Status of Commercialized Transgenic Crops”, Briefs No.12: Preview. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. ISBN: 1-892456-16-8. James,C.,(2000), “Global Status of Commercialized Transgenic Crops”, ISAAA Brief No. 21: Preview, Ithaca, NY James, C. (2000), “Global Status of Commercialized Transgenic Crops”, Brief No. 23: Preview, . ISAAA, Ithaca, NY. ISBN-1-892456-27-3. James,C.(2001), “Global Status of Commercialized Transgenic Crops”, ISAAA Brief No. 24: Preview, Ithaca, NY. ISBN-1-892456-28-1 James, C. (2002), “Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 2001 Feature: Bt Cotton”. ISAAA Briefs No. 26. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. ISBN:-1-892456-30-3. James, C. (2002), “Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 2001 Feature: Bt Cotton.”,ISAAA Briefs No. 27. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. ISBN- 1-892456-31-1. . James, C. (2003), “Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: Feature: Bt Maize”, Briefs No. 29. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. ISBN-1-892456-38-8. James, C. (2003), “Preview: Global Status of Commercialized Transgenic Crops”, Briefs No. 30. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. ISBN:1-892456-34-6 James, C. (2004), “Preview: Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops”, Briefs No. 32. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. ISBN:-1-892456-36-2 James, C. (2005), “Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops”, Briefs No. 34. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. ISBN-1-892456-38-9

James, Clive (2006), “Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops”, ISAAA Brief No. 35.ISAAA; Ithaca, NY http://www.isaaa.org

James, C. (2007), “Executive Summary; Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM.Crops” Briefs No. 37. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. -http://www.isaaa.org

Janaiah ,A. ,(2006),“Why A Re-Think On GM Crops Is Needed”, The Hindu Business lines, Financial Daily from The Hindu group publication, Wednesday, Apr12.; http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/01/05/stories/2007010502731200.htm

416

K.S.Jayaraman, ,(2002), “Poor crop management plagues Bt cotton experiment in India”, .Nature Biotechnology, 20,p.1069.

Jayaraman, K. S. (2004), “India Produces Homegrown GM Cotton”, Nature Biotechnology, 22(3), pp. 255–6.

Jayaraman K.S. (2005), “Indian Bt gene Monoculture, Potential Time Bomb”, Nature Biotechnology,23;p158.

Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh Justin M. Holley(2001), “An Environmental-Economic Assessment of Genetic Modification of Agricultural Crops”, Netherlands. http://www.tinbergen.nl Cohen J. I., Quemada H., and Frederick R. (2003), ”Food Safety and GM Crops: Implications for Developing-Country Research, For Food, Agriculture, and the Environment”, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C. U.S.A , September. ;www.ifpri.org Kalaitzandonakes, N. (1999), “A Farm Level Perspective on Agrobiotechnology: How Much Value and for Whom?”, AgBioForum. 2(2):pp. 61-64. Kalaitzandonakes, N. G. (1999), “Agrobiotechnology In The Developing World.”, AgBioForum, 2(3&4), PP.147-149. Kambhampati, U., Morse, S., Bennett, R., & Ismael, Y. (2005), “Perceptions of the Impacts of Genetically Modified Cotton Varieties: A Case Study of The Cotton Industry In Gujarat, India”, AgBioForum, 8(2&3), PP. 161-171 . Kasha, K. J. (2000), “Biotechnology and World Food Supply”, Genome. 42(4): pp.642-645. Kendall, H., Beachy, R., Eisner, T., Gould, F., Herdt, R., Raven, P., Swaminathan, M., Schell, J. (1997), “Bioengineering of Crops Report of the World Bank Panel on Transgenic Crops”, Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Studies and Monographs Series No. 23. Series: Environmentally Sustainable Development Studies, Proceedings, and Monographs. (23): pp.1-33. Khadi, B. M.,“Success Story of Bt Cotton in India”, Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra; http://icac.org/meetings/biotech_2007/documents/english/additional_contributions/e_khadi.pdf Khan, A. A, (2006), “Gene Revolution and Food Security in India”,(Ed.) Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, U .P, India. Khush, G. (2000), “Green Revolution: Preparing for the 21st Century”, Genome. 42(4): pp.646-655. Kirsten, J., Gouse, M. , Jenkins, L. (2002), “Bt Cotton in South Africa - Adoption and the Impact on Farm Incomes Amongst Small-Scale and Large-Scale Farmers”, 6th International ICABR Conference, Ravello, Italy, July 11-14, 2002: 1-11.

417

Kishore, G., Shewmaker, C. (1999), “Biotechnology: Enhancing Human Nutrition in Developing and Developed Worlds”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96(11): pp.5968-5972.

Koch, M., Chandran V., Mehts.-Bhatt P. and Portelance, C. (2007), “Addressing the Biotechnology Information Needs of Agricultural Extension Workers in India”, January 12. http://www.gnobb.org/jan_07_sabp_newsletter.pdf

Kolady, D.E., & Lesser, W. (2006), “Who Adopts What Kind Of Technologies? The Case of BT Eggplant in India”, AgBioForum, 9(2), pp. 94-103.

Krattiger, A. (1997), “Insect Resistance in Crops: A Case Study of Bt and its Transfer To Developing Countries”, ISAAA Briefs International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications. (Brief 2): pp.1-46. Krattiger, A. (1998). “The Importance of Ag-Biotech to Global Prosperity”, ISAAA Briefs (Brief 6): pp.1-13. Krishnakumar, Asha (2004); “Bt Cotton Again”; Frontline 21(10); May 8-21; http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2110/stories/20040521001408100.htm Kumbamu, Ashok (2006), “Ecological Modernization and the "Gene Revolution": The Case Study of Bt Cotton in India ', Capitalism Nature Socialism, 17:4, pp. 7 – 31.

Kundanam Gayatri (2005) “Attitudes of Small Farmers towards Bt Cotton in Warangal, India”. LUMES (2004-05). Lund University. ; www.lumes.lu.se/database/alumni/04.05/theses/kundanam_gayatri.pdf

Kumar A. K. (2005), “Seeds of Controversy”, Biotechnology, Frontline,vol.22, issue 12. pp. 04-17, Jun. Kumbamu, Ashok (2006) 'Ecological Modernization and the "Gene Revolution": The Case Study of Bt Cotton in India ', Capitalism Nature Socialism, 17:4, pp.7 - 31

Kurmanath , K.V. (2007), “Farmers Gaining More From Growing Bt Cotton'' The Hindu Business Line.

Kurugant ,K. ,(2006)“Biosafety and Beyond : GM Crops in India”, EPW, pp. 4245-47, Oct. 7. Lacy, P. (2003), “Deploying the Full Arsenal - Fighting Hunger with Biotechnology”, SAIS Review, 23(1): pp. 181-202.

Lianchaw, (2005) “Biosafety in India; Rethinking of GMO Regulation”, EPW, pp. 4284-89, September 24.

Lipton, R., & Longhurst R. (1989), “New Seeds And Poor People”, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Losey, J.E., Rayor, L.S. and Carlter, M. E (1999), “Transgenic Pollen Harms Monarch Larvae”, Nature, 399, p.214

418

Mackey, M. (2003), “The Developing World Benefits from Plant Biotechnology”, Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 35(4):pp. 210-214. Mackey, M., Montgomery, J. (2004), “Plant Biotechnology Can Enhance Food Security and Nutrition in the Developing World - Part I”, Nutrition Today, 39(2): pp.52-58. Maharashtra State Department of Agriculture, “Performance of Bt Cotton Cultivation in Maharashtra”: http://www.envfor.nic.in/divisions/csurv/btcotton/. Accessed June, 2005. Malkarnekar, A.Waibel, H. And Pemsl, D. (2005), “Why Some Indian Cotton Farmers Do Not Adopt Bt Cotton”, School Of Management And Economics, Hannover, Germany.

Manjunath, T. M. “Bt-Cotton in India: Remarkable Adoption and Benefits”, FBAE (Foundation for Biotechnology Awareness and Education).; http://www.fbae.org/index.html

Manjunath, T. M (2003), “A Decade Of Commercialized Transgenic Crops – Analyses Of Their Global Adoption, Safety And Benefits”; http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/index.html

Manjunath, T. M. (2004). “Bt-Cotton: Safety Assessment, Risk Management and Cost-Benefit Analysis,” pp. 366-369. In Khadi et al. (Eds) – "International Symposium on Strategies for Sustainable Cotton Production – A Global Vision", Crop Improvement, Vol. 1,pp. 23-25 Novermber 2004, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka (India), 482 pp. Manjunath, T. M. (2004), “Bt-Cotton in India: The Technology Wins as the Controversy Wanes”, 63rd Plenary Meeting of International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC) Meeting, Mumbai, 28 Nov-02 Dec, 2004. www.agbioworld.org, 29 December 2004. Manjunath T. M., (2005), “A Decade of Commercialized Transgenic Crops – Analyses Of Their Global Adoption, Safety and Benefits”, (Dr. S. Pradhan Memorial Lecture), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, On 23 March. www.agbioworld.org/word/decade-commercialized.doc Manjunath, T. M. (2005), “Safety of Bt-Cotton: Facts Allay Fear”,18 January.; www.agbioworld.org

Manjunath, T.M., (2007), “Q&A on Bt-Cotton in India; Answers to More Than 70 Questions on All Aspects”, Pub. All India Crop Biotechnology Association, New Delhi. Website: www.aicba.com

Manjunath T. M.,(2007)“Bt-Cotton: Safety Assessment And Risk Management”, Workshop On Gm Crops with A Focus On Post-Release Monitoring , Department Of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry Of Agriculture, Government Of India, University Of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore And Biotech Consortium India Limited, New Delhi.

419

Mansour, M. and Bennett, J.B. (2000), “Codex Alimentarius, Biotechnology, and Technical Barriers To Trade”, AgBioForum, 3(4), PP.213-218. Marra, M., Pannell, D. J. and Ghadim, A. A (2003), “The Economics Of Risk, Uncertainty And Learning In The Adoption Of New Agricultural Technologies: Where Are We On The Learning Curve?”, Agricultural Systems, Vol. 75, (2003) pp. 215–234. Mayee, C.D. and Rao, M.R.K. (2002), “Likely Impact Of Bt Cotton Cultivation On Production And Utilization In India”, National Seminar on Bt cotton in India at UAS, Dharward. Mayee C D, Singh P, Dongre A B, Rao M R K and Raj S (2002), “Transgenic Bt Cotton”, Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, July 20. Mayee, C.D. (2008), Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board (ASRB), Ministry of Agriculture, Personal Communication--Choudhary, B. and Gaur, K. (2009), “The Development and Regulation of Bt Brinjal in India (Eggplant/ Aubergine)”, ISAAA Brief No.38, ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. ISBN: 978-1-892456-43-5. Mehta-Bhatt P., Ebora R. P., Cohen J. I, Zepeda J. F and Zambrano P.(2005), “An Overview of Regulation, Perceptions and Priorities for GM Crops in Asian Countries”, Asian Biotechnology and Development Review, vol.7, No.3, pp-9-24. www.ris.org.in/abdr.html Mistry, S. (1998), “Terminator Gene A Figment Of Imagination: Monsanto Chief”, Indian Express, 4 December Mishra, S. (2006), “Farmers' Suicides In Maharashtra”, Economic and Political Weekly 41(16):pp. 1538–1545. Mitra, S., and S. Shroff. (2007).” Farmers' Suicides In Maharashtra”, Economic and Political Weekly, 42(49): pp.73–77. Monga D. (2008), “Problems and Prospects of Cultivation of Bt Hybrids in North Indian Cotton Zone”, Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Sirsa, Haryana, India. ; www.icac.org/tis/regional_networks/documents/asian/papers/monga.pdf Momtaz,O. A,(2002),”Current Status And Prospects Of Transgenic Egyptian Cotton”, http:www.icac.org/icac/Meeings/Plenary/61cairo/documents/its/momtaz,pdf Accessed on 9 Jan 2003/

Monsanto (2001), “Monsanto Welcomes U.N Report on Biotechs Benefits for Developing World”, News Release July 9 2000. http://www.monsanto.com/monsanto/layout/media/01/07-09-01.asp

Morin X. K. (2008), “Genetically Modified Food From Crops: Progress, Pawns, And Possibilities”, Anal Bioanal Chem. October; 392(3): pp.333–340.

420

Morse, S., Bennett, R., & Ismael, Y. (2005),“Bt-Cotton Boosts The Gross Margin Of Small-Scale Cotton Producers In South Africa”, International Journal of Biotechnology, 7(1/2/3), PP.72-83.

Morse, S., Bennett, R.M., Ismael, Y. (2005), “Genetically Modified Insect Resistance In Cotton: Some Economic Impacts In India”, Crop Protection, 24(5), pp.433-440.

Morse, S., Bennett, R. M. and Ismael, Y (2005) “Comparing The Performance Of Official And Unofficial Genetically Modified Cotton In India”, AgBioforum , 8(1), pp.1-6. Morse S., Bennett R., and Ismael Y.(2007), “Inequality and GM Crops: A Case-Study of Bt Cotton in India”AgBioForum, 10(1): pp.44-50. M.S. Swaminathan,(2004), ‘‘From Green Revolution to Gene Revolution,’’ Plant Biotechnology Institute Bulletin, 2, p. 4. Milind Murugkar & Bharat Ramaswami & Mahesh Shelar,(2006) "Liberalization, biotechnology and the private seed sector: The Case of India's cotton seed market," Indian Statistical Institute, Planning Unit, New Delhi Discussion Papers 06-05, Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India. Nagaraj, K. (2008), “Farmers' Suicide In India: Magnitudes, Trends And Spatial Patterns. Preliminary Report. Madras”, Madras Institute of Development Studies, India.

Naik, G. (2001), “An Analysis Of Socio-Economic Impact Of Bt Technology On Indian Cotton Farmers”, Ahmedabad, India: Centre for Management in Agriculture, Indian Institute of Management.

Naik, G., M. Qaim, and D. Zilberman (2005), “BT Cotton Controversy: Some Paradoxes Explained”, Economic and Political Weekly, 40(15): pp.1514–1517. National Commission on Farmers (2005), “Consultancy on Draft Biotechnology Policy”, India; NCF, September 22. Naphade P.V., Datir M.S. , Deshpande M.P. , Kulkarni P.J. and Chaporkar C.B., “Bt Cotton: First successful GM crop of India”, http://www.icac.org/meetings/plenary/67_ouagadougou/documents/english/os2/os2_e_chaporkar.pdf Narayanamoorthy, A., and S. S. Kalamar(2006), “Is Bt Cotton Cultivation Economically Viable For Indian Farmers? An Empirical Analysis”, Economic and Political Weekly 41(26):pp. 2719–2774. Nayak L.(2005), “GM Cotton –An Overview”, Everyman’s Science ,Vol.XLNo. 2, June-July National Academy of Sciences,(2000), “Genetically Modified Pest-Protected Plants:Science and Regulation”, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

421

National Sample Survey,(2003), “Organization's Situation Assessment Survey of Farmers”, (NSS, 59th Round), India. National Academy of Sciences (NAS), (2004), “Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods: Approaches to Assessing UnintendedHealth Effects”. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., http://books.nap.edu/catalog/10977.html?onpi_newsdoc07272004 Nayak L. (2005), “GM Cotton –An Overview”, Everyman’s Science ,Vol.XLNo. 2, June-July NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau),“Various Years. Accidental Deaths And Suicides In India”, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi, India. Norman E.Borlaug, (1997) Feeding a World of 10 billion People: The Miracle Ahead, Lecture delivered at the Norman Borlaug Institute for Plant Science Research of De Mont fort University, May 31.; http://www.dmu.ac.uk/dept/schools/app-sci/bio-sci/nb_lect.html. Normile, D. (2000). “Monsanto Donates its Share of Golden Rice”, Science, 289(5481):pp. 843-845.

Northoff .E. (2004), “The Gene Revolution: Great Potential for the Poor, But No Panacea”, Food and Agricultural Organization, May 17; http://www.globalpolicy.org/ NSS (National Sample Survey), (2005), “Situation Assessment Survey of Farmers: Indebtedness of Farmers Households: National Sample Survey (NSS) 59th round (January- December 2003)”, National Sample Survey Organization, Report No. 498 (59/33/1), May 2005. New Delhi, India: NSS. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (1999), “Genetically Modified Crops: The Ethical and Social Issues”, London: Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2003), “The Use of Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries”, London: Nuffield Council on Bioethics. http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2004) “The Use Of Genetically Modified Crops In Developing Countries; A Follow-Up Discussion Paper”: Nuffield Council on Bioethics, London, ISBN-1904384072, and January. Opinions On Gm Foods Must Be Based On Fact - http://www.cnw.ca/fr/releases/archive/August2007/08/c5191.html Orphal, J. ,(2005),“Comparative Analysis of the Economics of Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Production” , Pesticide Policy Project Publication Series Special Issue No. 8, January , ISBN: 3-934373-08-9 , Institute of Economics in Horticulture Faculty of Business Administration and Economics Universität Hannover, Germany with Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy. http://www.pesticide-policy-project.de Paarlberg, R. L.(2000),“Governing The GM Crop Revolution Policy Choices For Developing Countries”, International Food Policy Research Institute, Food,

422

Agriculture, and the Environment Discussion Paper 33,Washington, U.S.A. ISBN 0- 89629- 638-5 December. www.ifpri.org Paine, J., Shipton, C., Chaggar, S., Howells, R., Kennedy, M., Vernon, G., Wright, S., Hinchliffe, E., Adams, J., Silverstone, A., Drake, R. (2005), “Improving the Nutritional Value of Golden Rice through Increased Pro-vitamin A Content”, Nature Biotechnology. 23(4): pp. 482-487.

Pan S., Welch M., Mohanty S., and Fadiga M. (2006), “The Impact of India’s Cotton Yield on U.S. and World Cotton Markets”, Briefing Paper CERI-BP06-03, Cotton Economics Research Institute Texas Tech University Lubbock. ;www.aaec.ttu.edu/CERI/policy/The%20Impact%20of%20India's%20Cotton%20Yield%20on%20U.S.%20%20and%20Worl...

Paroda, R. S. (1999), “Keynote Address: Biotechnology And Future Indian Agriculture”, Paper presented at Workshop on Genetically Modified Plants: Benefits and Risks, June 24. Proceedings published by TERI, New Delhi. www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102003/399.pdf - Pawar C.S (2005-06), “Bt Versus Non-Bt Cotton; A Critical Analysis Of On-Farm Data, Impressions And Opinions, Study In Khammam Distict, Andhra Pradesh, India,2005-2006”,World Wikdlife Fund (WWF) International , International Crops 2-Research Institute , Andhra Pradesh. Pearce F (2001),”Protests Take the Shine off Golden Rice”, New Scientist, 169(2284); p. 15.

Pehu and Ragasa (2007), “Capturing the benefits of GMOs for the poor”; http://www.rimisp.org/consultwdr2008/Doc/Yellow%20Cover/FocusF.pdf

Pemsl, D., Waibel H., and Orphal J. (2004), “A Methodology To Assess The Profitability Of Bt-Cotton: Case Study Results From The State Of Karnataka, India”, Crop Protection 23 (12): PP. 1249-1257.

Performance of Bt Cotton in Maharashtra –Report of State Department of Agriculture, Maharashtra (2002-03) http://envfor.nic.in/divisions/csurv/btcotton/mmmh.pdf

PG Economics Limited(2008) “Biotech Crops: The Real Impacts 1996-2006 – Yields”, PG Economics Limited, Wessex Barn Frampton Dorchester Dorset DT2 9NB UK.

Philip,L.M.(2007),“Things Continue To Look Break For India’s Cotton Farmers”,Centre for Trade and Development ; http:www.centad.org/index.asp

Pimentel, D., Raven, P. (2000), “Bt Corn Pollen Impacts on Non-target Lepidoptera: Assessment of Effects in Nature”. (PNAS) Proceedings of the National Academies of Science. 97(15): pp.8198-8199.

Pingali, Prabhu. (2007) "Will The Gene Revolution Reach The Poor?: Lessons from the Green Revolution." Paper presented at the Wageningen University, Mansholt Lecture. January 26. Wageningen, The Netherlands.

423

Pinstrup-Andersen, P. (1999), “Agricultural Biotechnology, Trade, and The Developing Countries”, AgBioForum, 2(3&4), PP.215-217. Pinstrup-Andersen, Per, and Ebbe Schioler,( 2001.) “Seeds of Contention”, Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Prabhu N., (2007), “More Farmers Take To Bt Cotton”, The Hindu, 5 Feb, Monday, Bangalore, Karnataka.

Pray ,C.E., Bengali ,P. and Ramaswami ,B.(2004), “Costs and Benefits of Biosafety Regulation in India: A Preliminary Assessment”, ICABR. (Paper presented at the 8th ICABR International Conference on Agricultural Biotechnology: International Trade and Domestic Production, Ravello, Italy, 2004). http://www.economia.uniroma2.it/conferenze/icabr2004/papers/Pray.

Pray, C., Ma, D., Huang, J., & Qiao, F. (2001), “Impact of Bt cotton in China”, World Development, 29, pp.813-825.

Price, G.K., Lin, W., Falck-Zepeda, J., & Fernandez-Cornejo, J. (2003), “Size and Distribution of Market Benefits From Adopting Biotech Crops” (Rep. No. 1906). Washington, DC: USDA.

Purcell, J.P. & Perlak, F.J. (2004), “Global Impact Of Insect-Resistant (Bt) Cotton”, AgBioForum, 7, pp.27-30.

Qayum,A., Shakkhari,K,.(2003), “Did Bt Cotton Save Farmers In Warangal?; A Season Long Impact Study Of Bt Cotton-Kharif 2002 In Warangal District Of Andhra Pradesh”, AP Coalition in Defence of Diversity Deccan Development Society, Hyderabad.

Qayum, A. and Sakkhari, K., (2004), “Did Bt Cotton Fail Andhra Pradesh Again In (2003)- (2004)? A Season Long Study ((2003)-(2004)) Of The Performance Of Bt Cotton In Andhra Pradesh, India” Deccan Development Society, AP Coalition in Defence of Diversity, Permaculture Association of India.

Qayum, A., and Sakkhari, K, (2005), “Did Bt Cotton Save Farmers In Warangal? A seasonal long Impact study of Bt Cotton Kharif 2002 In Warangal District Of Andhra Pradesh”,AP Coalition in Defence of Diversity and Deccan Development Society, Hyderabad June. http://www.ddsindia.com/BTCOTTON.HTM Qayum A, and Sakkhari K.(2005)“Bt Cotton In Andhra Pradesh; A Three Year Assessment”, The First Ever Sustained Independent Scientific Study Of Bt Cotton In India, Deccan Development Society, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Qaim, M. (2003) “Bt Cotton In India: Field Trial Results And Economic Projections”, World Development 31 (12): PP. 2115-2127.

Qaim, M., & De Janvry, A. (2005), “Bt Cotton And Pesticide Use In Argentina: Economic And Environmental Effects”, Environment and Development Economics, 10, PP. 179-200.

424

Qaim, M., & Heidhues, F. (2005), “Agricultural Biotechnology In Developing Countries: Impacts, Institutional Issues And Policy Implications”, Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 44(3), pp.201-206.

Qaim, M., Krattiger, A., Von Braun, J. (2000), Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing Countries: Towards Optimizing the Benefits for the Poor, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. ISBN 0-7923-7230-1. 448 pages.

Qaim, M., Subramanian A., Naik G. and Zilberman D.(2006) ,“Adoption Of Bt Cotton And Impact Variability: Insights From India”, Review of Agricultural Economics 28 (1):PP. 48-58.

Qaim M., Stein A.J. (2008). "Economic Consequences of Golden Rice." Invited presentation at the Fourth Conference of the European Plant Science Organisation, 22-26 June, Toulon, France:

Qaim, M., and Zilberman D. (2003) “Yield Effects Of Genetically Modified Crops In Developing Countries”, Science 299 (5608): PP. 900-902.

Raj A.A. Michael (2006), “Bio-Engineered Food Is Quite Safe To Eat”, The Hindu, 14 August.: http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/edu/2006/08/14/stories/2006081400180500.htm Ramadoss (2008)“GM Food, Potential Threat To Fertility”, November 14. http://www.greenpeace.org/india/ Ramaswami Bharat (2006) “Genetically Modified Crops and the Poor: Can India realize the potential?”, Planning Unit, Indian Statistical Institute , New Delhi. (7, SJS Sansanwal Marg, New Delhi 110016) Ramgopal, N. (2006), “Economics of Bt cotton vis-à-vis traditional cotton varieties: Study in Andhra Pradesh”,Report N.123, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India: Agro-Economic Research Centre, Andhra University. Raney T. (2006), “Economic Impact of Transgenic Crops in Developing Countries”, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 17:pp.174–178. www.sciencedirect.com Rao, C K. “Mahyco-Monsanto Reduce Technology Fee on Authentic Bollgard I Cottonseed In India”. http:www.fbae.org/index.htm Rao,C K. (2006), “Performance Of Bt Cotton In India: The 2005-06 Season”, Foundation for Biotechnology Awareness and Education, Bangalore, India ,May 9. http://www.fbaeblog.org/ Rao C. K,(2007),“Fety Of Bt Proteins To Non-Target Organisms: Vindicating Evidence”, Foundation For Biotechnology Awareness And Education, August 25, Bangalore, India. ;http://www.fbaeblog.org/index.htm Rao C. K,(2007),“Bee Colony Collapse Disaster Was Not Caused By Bt Proteins”, Foundation For Biotechnology Awareness And Education, December 27 , Bangalore, India. http://www.fbaeblog.org/index.htm

425

Rao, P. N., and K. C. Suri (2006), “Dimensions Of Agrarian Distress In Andhra Pradesh”, Economic and Political Weekly 41(6):pp. 5146–5152. Rao V.M. (2008), “Through Gloudy Glasses: Viewing Food Insecurity from the Top”, 17 May, Economic and Political Weekly, pp. 35-37.

Ravikiran ,G.(2006)“Farmers Growing Bt Cotton Forced To Shell Down More On Pesticides” Andhra Pradesh - Vijayawada , the Hindu, Thursday, Feb 02.

Recombinant DNA Guidelines, 1990

A copy of the guidelines can be accessed at http://www.dbtindia.nic.in

Reddy,C. P.(2004) “Divergent Views On Bt Cotton Benefits To Farmers”, Business line, Financial Daily from The Hindu group of publications, Thursday, May 06.

Reicosky, D.C. (1995), “Conservation tillage and carbon cycling: Soil as a source or sink for carbon”, Davis, CA: University of California. http://vric.ucdavis.edu/issues/bulletinboard/soilconf/contill.pdf Reporter B. S,(2008)“Guj Worst-Hit By Illegal Bt Cotton Production- Ahmedabad April 22,”, Business Standard, Tuesday, Jan 06, 2009. Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Plants and Guidelines For Toxicity and Allergenity Evaluation Of Transgenic Seeds Plants and Plants Parts, Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, 1998: http://www.biosafety.gov.cn/image20010518/5055.pdf Rice, M. E. (2004), “Transgenic Rootworm Corn: Assessing Potential Agronomic, Economic, And Environmental Benefits”,Plant Health Progress. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/review/2004/rootworm/ Robertson, G.P., Paul, E.A., & Harwood, R.R. (2000), “Greenhouse Gases In Intensive Agriculture: Contributions Of Individual Gases To The Radioactive Forces Of The Atmosphere”, Science, 289, pp.1922-1925. Roy, Devparna, Herring, Ronald J. and Geisler, Charles C.( 2007), “Naturalising Transgenics: Official Seeds, Loose Seeds And Risk In The Decision Matrix Of Gujarati Cotton Farmers”, Journal of Development Studies, 43:1, pp.158 – 176, January . Sahai, S. (1999),“Biotechnology Capacity Of LDCs In The Asian Pacific Rim”, AgBioForum, 2(3&4), PP.189-197. Sahai, Suman (2002), “Bt Cotton: Confusion Prevails”, EPW Commentary Economic and Political Weekly May 25. Sahai S., “Can Our Regulatory System Deliver Safe Ge Foods: The Bt Brinjal Case”, :www.genecampaign.org/Publication/Article/biotechnology/Bt%20Brinjal- %20GNews_%20sept%202006.pdf Sahai, Suman (2002), “The Economics of Bt Cotton”, Gene Campaign, New Delhi. www.genecampaign.org/Publication/Article/BT%20Cotton/BtCOTTON-Economics.pdf

426

Sahai, S., & Rehman, S. (2003), “Performance Of Bt Cotton; Data From First Commercial Crop”, Economic and Political Weekly, 38(30),pp. 3139-3141.

Sahai, Sulman and Shakilur Rehaman, (2004), “Bt Cotton 2003-2004, Field Swamped with Illegal Varieties”, Economic and Political Weekly . June 26, 39(24):pp. 263-2674.

Sahai Subodh Kant (2006) “Whether The Government Has Decided Norms For Labeling/Marking Of Genetically Modified Foods And Organic Food Products, If So, Whether The Government Has Also Fixed Norms For Local Certification Of Organic Agricultural Products To Make It Available In The Local Markets, In The Interest Of Small Farmers”,Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No 3426, Genetically Modified Food 3426, Gohain Rajen, To Be Answered On 24.Of August, Ministry Of Food Processing Industries, Government Of India. : http://www.indiagminfo.org/five/rajyasabha-GE-2001-07.pdf Sainath, P ( 2004), “ How The Better Half Dies”, The Hindu, July 31, 2004. Salvarajan,S. Joshi Dinesh,C and Toole, John, C.O,(1999), “Agro-Biotechnology Capacity And Demand : The Indian Private Sector Seed Industry” , The Rockefeller Foundation, Island publishing House, Manila. Sankar Madhurika (2008), ”Concerns On Labelling GM Food Products”, Sci-Tech, Online edition of India's National Newspaper, The Hindu, Thursday, Feb 07. Sankula, S., Blumenthal, E. (2004), “Impacts on US Agriculture of Biotechnology-derived Crops Planted in 2003 - An Update of Eleven Case Studies”, NCFAP National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-92.

Scatasta, S., Wesseler, J., & Demont, M. (2006), A Critical Assessment Of Methods For Analysis Of Social Welfare Impacts Of Genetically Modified Crops: A Literature Survey. (Rep. No. 27). Wageningen, The Netherlands: Mansholt Graduate School.

Schwember A. R.,(2008)“An Update On Genetically Modified Crops”, Cien. Inv. Agr. 35(3): pp.231-250.

Schoenherr, N.(2007), “Genetically Modified Crops Add New Layer To Indian Farming”:http://www.record.wustl.edu/issue/page/normal/1156.html

Scoones, I. (2003) “Regulatory Manoeuvres: The Bt Cotton Controversy In India”. IDS Working Paper 197, Institute Of Development Studies Brighton, Sussex BN1 9RE, England.

Seed Policy, 2002

A copy of seed policy can be accessed at http://agricoop.nic.in/seedpolicy.htm. The full text of the Food Safety and Standards Bill, 2005 : http://www.mfpi.nic.in. Sen, A.2005 Cotton Scenario in India :http://www.indiaonestop.com/cotton/cotton.htm

427

Serageldin, I. (1999), “From Green Revolution to Gene Revolution”, Economic Perspectives. 4 (4): pp.17-19. Sevenier, R., van der Meer, I., Bino, R., Koops, A. (2002), “Increased Production of Nutriments by Genetically Engineered Crops”, Supplement to Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 21(3S): 199S-204S.

Shah, E. (2005) “Local and Global Elites Join Hands, Development and Diffusion of Bt Cotton Technology in Gujarat”, 22 October, Special Articles, Economic Political Weekly, pp.1-24.

Shankar, B., and Thirtle C. (2005), “Pesticide Productivity and Transgenic Cotton Technology: The South African Smallholder Case”, Journal of Agricultural Economics 56 (1), PP. 97-115.

Sharma, D.(2001), "The Inrroduction Of Transgenic Cotton In India." Biotechnology and Development Monitor, No. 44, PP. 10-13. Sharma D. and Kapoor A. (2004), “Genetically Modified Crops in India”, 05 April, Znet. http://www.countercurrents.org/index.htm

Sharma, A.B.(2006), “ It’s A Blind Run For Bt Cotton Hybrids”. The Financial Express , Monday , June, 05.

Shiv Visvanathan and Chandrika Parmer, (2002), "A Biotechnology Story: Notes from India," Economic and Political Weekly, pp.2714-24. July 6.

Shoemaker, R. (Ed.) (2001), Economic Issues In Agricultural Biotechnology (Rep. No. 762), Washington, DC: Economic Research Service, USDA.

Sibal Kapil (2006) “Whether Any Non-Governmental Organizations (Ngos) Have Demanded That The Performance Of Bt. Cotton Varieties Must Be Reviewed To Determine Their Suitability To The Indian Conditions, Whether The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) Has Approved New Varieties Of Bt. Cotton For Some States Despite Objections Raised In The Matter ; And If So, The Details Thereof And The Reasons Therefore?”, Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No 3442, Genetic Engineering 3442, Lagadapati Rajagopal, To Be Answered On 15 of December, Ministry Of Science And Technology, Government Of India. http://www.indiagminfo.org/five/rajyasabha-GE-2001-07.pdf

Smale, M., Zambrano P., Flack-Zepeda J. and Gruere G. (2006)“Parables: Applied Economics Literature About the Impact of Genetically Engineered Crop Varieties in Developing Economies” EPT Discussion Paper 158.IFPRI.

Solvent Extractors’ Association of India (2007), “Report on Cotton and Cottonseed oil Production”, August 10, SEA.

Special Correspondent (2006)“Genetically modified Corps not Hazardous”, The Hindu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu Monday, Nov 13. http://www.thehindu.com/2006/11/13/stories/2006111302280200.htm

428

Srinivas, R. K., (2002), “Profile - Bt Cotton In India: Economic Factors Versus Environmental Concerns », Environmental Politics, 11:2, pp.154 – 158. STATUS OF Bt cotton :http://dacnet.nic.in/cotton/btCotton.htm Stein A.J., Sachdev H.P.S., Qaim M. (2008). "Genetic Engineering for the Poor: Golden Rice and Public Health in India." World Development 36(1): pp.144-158. Stig Toft Madsen, (2001), “The View from Every,” Economic and Political Weekly, pp.3733-3742. September .

Study on Bt Cotton in Maharashtra, Kharif -2005; Report of the Monitoring and Evaluation Committee (MEC), YUVA, Centre for Sustainable Agriculture &Greenpeace India.

Subramanian A. and Qaim M. (2008), “The Impact Of Bt Cotton On Poor Households In Rural India”, Nature Precedings , pp.1-23 18 April. hdl:10101/npre.2008.1812.1. Sundaram, V., A. K. Basu, K. R. Krishna Iyer, S. S. Narayanan, and T. P. Rajendran (1999), “Handbook Of Cotton In India”, Indian Society for Cotton Improvement, Mumbai, India. Swaminathan, M.S.(1999), “Cotton And Rural Livelihoods” Silver Jubilee Lecture Series Indian Society For Cotton Improvement (ISCI) Mumbai pp.11-12. Swaminathan, M.S. (2000), “Genetic Resources: Biotechnology and World Food Supply: Foreword”, Genome. 42(4): pp.554-556.

National Commission on Farmers- Swaminathan M.S (2005), “Farmers’ Consultation on National Policy on (Agricultural) Biotechnology”, NCF (National Commission on Farmers) Conference Room, Pusa, India.-http://krishakayog.gov.in/biotech.pdf

Swaminathan, M. S. (2008), “Looking Beyond Farmers’ Suicides and Loan Waivers”, Mainstream, 46 (12). http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article573.html Syngenta (2000), “Golden Rice’, Collaboration Brings Health Benefits Nearer”, http;www.syngenta.com/en/media/zeneca.asp. Tabshnik B.(2005), “Refuges in India and Delayed resistance to Bt Crops”, Nature Biotechnology, 23; p.414.

Taylor, S. L. (1997), “Food From Genetically Modified Organisms And Potential For Food. Allergy”, Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 4: PP.121-126 www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/biotech/en/ec_jan2001.pdf

Thamarajakshi, R. (1999), “Food Production The New Million”, The Economic Times , New Delhi, July 24.

429

The Bureau (2005)“Bt Cotton Helping Farmers Earn More: IMRB Study”, Agri-Biz & Commodities - Cotton ,Business Line, Financial Daily from The Hindu group of publications ,Thursday, April 6, New Delhi, India..

The Economic Times, (2007),“Area Under Bt Cotton Cultivation Up 39%: Study”, January 31, 2007, India The Economic Times (2007), “The Hybrid Solution”, January 15, 2007, India. The Hindustan Times (2007), “Some Reports Even Mention Rates Of 50–60 Percent From Moneylenders In The District Of Vidarbha”, 7 of January 2007, India Teresa McKeivier, (2005),“Indian Cotton Production Forecast at a Record 18 million Bales”, Production Estimates and Crop Assessment Division Foreign Agricultural Service. USDA (US Department of Agriculture), FAS. (202) 720-0879. ;teresa.mckeivier@usda.gov. The Government of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Monitoring of the Bt Cotton Fields in Maharashtra. http://envfor.nic.in/divisions/csurv/btcotton/mmmh.pdf

The Hindu (2007), “Bt Cotton Cultivation To Go Up”, Friday 16 March, Delhi New, India.

The Hindu(2007).” India Surpasses China In Acreage Under Biotech Crops”, January 19, 2007, India.

The Hindu, (2008),”India Has Fifth Largest Area Under GM Crops”,18 Feb, New Delh, India i.

The Hindustan Times, (2007), " Farmer Deaths 1,128”, July 2, 2007, India.

The Royal Society (2003) “GM Crops, Modern Agriculture and the Environment” www.royalsoc.ac.uk/policy Thies, Janice E. and Devare, Medha H. , (2007), “An Ecological Assessment Of Transgenic Crops”, Journal of Development Studies, 43:1,pp. 97 – 129.

Thomson, J.A. (2001),“Horizontal Transfer of DNA From GM Crops to Bacteria and to Mammalian Cells” ,Journal of Food Science 66 (2) , PP.188–193.

Thomas, S., Burke, D., Gale, M., Lipton, M., Weale, A. (2003), “The Use of Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries”, Nuffield Council on Bioethics: 1-122. Transgenic Plants – http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/TransgenicPlants.html Tribe, D., “Sustaining the Food Supply of A Developing World: Genetically Modified Crops Enter Their Second Decade”, University of Melbourne. http://www.biotechnology.gov.au/assets/documents/bainternet/TribeSustFood20050601163332.pdf

430

Trigo E., Chudnovsky D., Cap E. and Lopez A (2002) “Genetically Modified Crops in Argentine Agriculture: An Open Ended Story”, Ed. CENIT, published by Libros del Zorzal, Buenos Aires, , Argentina. www.fund-cenit.org.ar

Trigo, E., & Cap, E.J. (2004), “The Impact of the Introduction of Transgenic Crops in Argentinean Agriculture”, AgBioForum, 6, pp.87-94.

Tuli R. and. Bhatia, C. R (2005),“Accelerating The Commercialization Of Home-Grown Genetically Engineered Crops” Current Science, Vol. 88, No. 5, 10 March. Two Studies Show Benefits of BT Cotton in India. http://www.monsanto.com/biotech-gmo/asp/biotech_new.asp Tzotzos, G. (1999), “Regulation Of Biotechnology In LDCs: Implications For Technology Development And Transfer”, AgBioForum, 2(3&4),PP. 212-214. United Nations Population Division,( 2002) “World Population Prospects, The2002 Revision Population Database,” http://esa.un.org/unpp as of April 2004.

V. Sharma, (2007)“Crops of Question ;As The Debate Rages On About The Pros And Cons Of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops”, Spectrum, the Tribune, Sunday, August 20.

Venkateswarlu D.,(2007),”Child Bondage Continues In Indian Cotton Supply Chain”, India Committee of The Netherlands (ICN), September. www.indianet.nl Verma, D.D., “Public Participation and Awareness on Genetically Engineered Technologies of Crops in India”, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, New Delhi.; http://www.aseanbio.net/fao/activities/manilaJune2004/doc/Country%20Report-INDIA.pdf

Vishvanathan, Shiv and Chandrika Parmar (2002): “A Biotechnology Story: Notes from India”, Economic and Political Weekly, 37(27), pp 2714-87.

Wang Jane, Transgenic crops :http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/Biodiversity/TransgenicCrops/JamlePeghin (WHO) 20 Questions On Genetically Modified (GM) Foods :http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/biotech/en/20questions_en.pdf Whitman, D. B.(2000), “Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful?”, CSA Discovery Guides, April. http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/discoveryguides-main.php

WHO (1995), “Application Of The Principle Of Substantial Equivalence To The Safety Evaluation Of Foods Or Food Components From Plants Derived By Modern Biotechnology”, Report of a WHO Workshop. World Health Organization, Geneva.

431

World Health Organization and Europe European Centre for Environment and Health (2000) “Release of Genetically Modified Organisms in the Environment: is it a Health Hazard?” Report of a Joint WHO/EURO – ANPA Seminar, Rome, Italy, 7-9 September.

Wu, Felicia. , Bulz William, P.( ed.2004) “The Future of Genetically Modified

Crops : Lessons from the Green Revolution”, public. The RAND Corporation,

Science and technology.-ISBN 0-8330-3646-7 (pbk.); www.rand.org

.