References

“Garantizan la inmunidad al senador italiano que llamó 'orangután' a una ministra negra.”2012. Conmoción por asesinato de una concejal de Guayamerín. ANF - Agencia de Noticias Fide.2013. Women’s Political Participation in Asia and the Pacific.ACOBOL. “Nuestra Historia.” http://www.acobol.org.bo/site/index.php/quienes-somos/nuestra-historia (March 19,

2015).———. 2010. “Acoso y violencia política en razón de género Afectan el Trabajo Político y Gestión Pública de las

Mujeres.” 5. Revista de la Asociacion de Concejalas de Bolivia, ACOBOL. http://www.acobol.org.bo/obser/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=7&Itemid=.

———. 2012. “Acoso y Violencia Política en Contra de las Mujeres Afectan el Trabajo Político y la Gestión Pública.” ACOBOL: ACOBOL. http://www.acobol.org.bo/acobol/images/acoso_violencia.pdf (September 2013).

Adejumobi, Said, ed. Forthcoming. Africa’s Checkered Democracy: Institutions, Participation and Accountability. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Agencia. June 18th, 2014. “Mujeres del País Lanzan Campaña '50 y 50'.” Los Tiempos, June 18th, 2014. http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/nacional/20140618/mujeres-del-pais-lanzan-campana-%25E2%2580%259C50-y-50%25E2%2580%259D_263154_575966.html (Accessed June 24th, 2014).

Aguirre, J. C., and E. S. Cooper. 2010. “Evo Morales, Climate Change, and the Paradoxes of a Social-Movement Presidency.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 238–44.

Ahäll, Linda, and Laura J. Shepherd, eds. 2012. Gender, agency and political violence. Rethinking political violence series. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Åhäll, Linda. 2012. “Motherhood, Myth and Gendered Agency in Political Violence.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 14 (1): 103–20.

Alarcón, Sandra. 2012. “Retos y desafíos de las mujeres políticas en el Ecuador.” Ágora Política 3 (6): 57–60.Albaine, Laura. 2009. “Cuotas de Género y Ciudadanía Política en Bolivia.” Margen 55.

http://www.margen.org/suscri/margen55/albaine.pdf (Accessed April 26, 2015).———. 2013. “Paridad de género y violencia política. Nuevos derechos, viejas prácticas.” Buenos Aires: Facultad de

Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. http://www.aacademica.com/000-076/273.pdf.Albro, R. 2010. “Confounding Cultural Citizenship and Constitutional Reform in Bolivia.” Latin American Perspectives

37 (3): 71–90.Aliaga, Alfonso. June 19th, 2012. “La concejal Daguimar Rivera fue asesinada en Guayaramerín.” La Razon, June

19th, 2012. http://www.la-razon.com/ciudades/seguridad_ciudadana/concejal-Daymar-Rivera-asesinada-Guayaramerin_0_1635436496.html.

Alison, M. 2004. “Women as Agents of Political Violence: Gendering Security.” Security Dialogue 35 (4): 447–63.Alvarez, Sonia E. 1990. Engendering democracy in Brazil: Women's movements in transition politics. Princeton, N.J.:

Princeton University Press.———. 1999. “Advocating feminism: The Latin American Feminist NGO 'Boom'.” International Feminist Journal of

Politics 1 (2): 181–209.———. 2000. “Translating the global effects of transnational organizing on local feminist discourses and practices in

Latin America.” Meridians: 29–67.Anand, Anu. February 8th, 2014. “Kavita Krishnan: 'I was accused by one minister of standing for free sex'.” The

Guardian, February 8th, 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/feb/09/kavita-krishnan-communist-india-accused-minister-free-sex.

Andolina, Robert, Nina Laurie, and Sarah A. Radcliffe. 2009. Indigenous development in the Andes: Culture, power, and transnationalism. Durham [N.C.]: Duke University Press.

Ansolabehere Sesti, Karina, Daniela Cerva Cerna, and Enrique Ochoa Reza, eds. 2009. Género y derechos políticos: La protección jurisdiccional de los derechos político-electorales de las mujeres en México. 2009th ed. México: Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación.

Aparicio Castillo, Francisco Javier. 2011. Cuotas de Género en México. Candidaturas y Resultados Electorales para Diputados Federales 2009. Vol. 18 of Temas de Derecho Electoral. Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación.

Arboleda, Maria. 2012. “Apoyo al Fortalecimiento del Consenso de Quito para el Empoderamiento de las Mujeres.” UN Women, AMUME, AECID. http://generalo.uimunicipalistas.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/ACOSO-POLITICO-A-MUJERES-ECUADOR.pdf.

Archenti, Nélida, and Laura Albaine. 2013. “Los desafíos de la paridad de género. Tensión normativa y violencia política en Bolivia y Ecuador.” Punto y Género (3): 195–219 (Accessed January 2014).

———. 2014. “Los desafíos de la paridad de género. Tensión normativa y violencia política en Bolivia y Ecuador.” Revista Punto Género 0 (3): 195–219. http://revistapsicologia.uchile.cl/index.php/RPG/article/viewFile/30275/32037.

Ardaya, M. N., and C.E.S. Salmón. 2009. Detrás del cristal con que se mira: Ordenes normativos e interlegalidad: Mujeres Quechuas, Aymaras, Sirionó, Trinitarias, Chimane, Chiquitanas y Ayoreas. Coordinadora de la Mujer.

Asamblea Legislativa de la República de Costa Rica. 2013. Ley Contra el Acoso y/o Violencia Política Hacia las Mujeres.

Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional.———. N.D. “Reglamento de licencias y habilitación de Diputadas y Diputados Titulares y Suplentes.” Asamblea

Legislativa Plurinacional. http://www.diputados.bo/images/Docs/Institucion/reglamentolicencias.pdf.———. N.D. “Reglamento General de la Cámara de Diputados.” Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional.

http://www.diputados.bo/images/Docs/Institucion/reglamentogral.pdf (October 19, 2015).———. May 28th, 2012. Ley Contra el Acoso y Violencia Política Hacia las Mujeres: Ley 243. 376NEC.Asian Human Rights Commission. 2006. “India: Woman Faces Death Threats and Harassment due to her Political

Affiliation while Police Remain Inactive.” Asian Human Rights Commission. http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/UA-370-2006.

Auyero, Javier. 2007. Routine politics and violence in Argentina: The gray zone of state power. Cambridge studies in contentious politics. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Báez Carlos, Adriana del Rosario. 2014. “¿Quiénes votaron en México por mujeres para legisladoras federales en 2012?” Estudios Políticos 2014 (31): 11–36.

Baldez, Lisa. 2006. “The pros and cons of gender quota laws: what happens when you kick men out and let women in?” Politics & Gender 2 (01): 102–9.

———. 2007. “Primaries vs. quotas: Gender and candidate nominations in Mexico, 2003.” Latin American Politics and Society 49 (3): 69–96.

Ballinas, Victor, and Andrea Becerril. March 22nd, 2013. “Tipifica Senado como delito la "violencia política de género".” La Jornada, March 22nd, 2013. October 14th, 2013 (Accessed http://www.jornada.unam.mx/March 22, 2013/016n3pol).

Banaszak, Lee A. 1996. Why movements succeed or fail: Opportunity, culture, and the struggle for woman suffrage. Princeton studies in American politics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

———. 2010. The women's movement inside and outside the state. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Bardall, Gabrielle. 2011. “Breaking the Mold: Understanding Gender and Electoral Violence.” IFES. http://www.ifes.org/~/media/Files/Publications/White%20PaperReport/2011/Gender_and_Electoral_Violence_2011.pdf.

———. 2013. “Gender-Specific Election Violence: The Role of Information and Communication Technologies.” Stability: International Journal of Security and Development 2 (3): 1–11.

Barrera-Bassols, Dalia. 2014. “Acoso y Violencia Política.: Testimonios de Síndicas y Regidoras Veracruzanas.” Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo 11 (3): 249–70. http://www.colpos.mx/asyd/volumen11/numero3/asd-14-037.pdf (Accessed December 29, 2014).

BBC. 2015. “BBC Newsnight.” June 15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KiZRyhPyN0.Beckwith, Karen. 2007. “Numbers and newness: the descriptive and substantive representation of women.”

Canadian Journal of Political Science 40 (01): 27–49.———. 2007. “Numbers and newness: the descriptive and substantive representation of women.” Canadian Journal

of Political Science 40 (01): 27–49.Berns, Nancy. 2001. “Degendering the Problem and Gendering the Blame: Political Discourse on Women and

Violence.” Gender & Society 15 (2): 262–81.Besley, T., and T. Persson. 2011. “The Logic of Political Violence.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 126 (3): 1411–

45.Boeckmann, Robert J., and Carolyn Turpin-Petrosino. 2002. “Understanding the Harm of Hate Crime.” Journal of

Social Issues 58 (2): 207. https://login.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=6556312&site=eds-live.

Bourdieu, Pierre, Craig J. Calhoun, Edward LiPuma, and Moishe Postone, eds. 1993. Bourdieu: Critical perspectives. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Brady, Henry E., and David Collier. 2010. Rethinking social inquiry: Diverse tools, shared standards. 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Breen-Smyth, Marie. “Introduction.” 1–14.———. 2012. “Conclusions.” In The Ashgate research companion to political violence. Ashgate research companion,

ed. Marie Breen-Smyth. Farnham, Surrey, Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub, 569–81.———, ed. 2012. The Ashgate research companion to political violence. Ashgate research companion. Farnham,

Surrey, Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub.Brescoll, V. L., E. Dawson, and E. L. Uhlmann. 2010. “Hard Won and Easily Lost: The Fragile Status of Leaders in

Gender-Stereotype-Incongruent Occupations.” Psychological Science 21 (11): 1640–42.Brockman, Erica. N.D. “Paridad y alternancia en Bolivia: paradojas y nuevas preguntas.” IKNOW Politics.

http://iknowpolitics.org/sites/default/files/opinion_de_especialista-erika_brockmann_0.pdf (April 26, 2015).

Brown, Katherine E. 2013. “The Ashgate research companion to political violence.” Defense & Security Analysis 29 (4): 365–66.

Bruhn, Kathleen. 2003. “Whores and lesbians: Political activism, party strategies, and gender quotas in Mexico.” Electoral Studies 22 (1): 101–19.

Bunch, Charlotte. 1990. “Women's rights as human rights: Toward a re-vision of human rights.” Human Rights Quarterly: 486–98.

Cabezas Fernández, Marta. 2014. “Dilemas feministas en torno a la Ley de acoso y violencia política en Bolivia.” Temas Cuba, Oct-Dec 2014, 29–36. http://www.temascuba.org/sites/default/files/articulos_academicos_en_pdf/Descargar%20art%C3%ADculo%20en_41.pdf (Accessed January 5, 2015).

Carmines, Edward G., and James A. Stimson. 1989. Issue evolution: Race and the transformation of American politics. Princeton University Press.

Carmona López, Adriana, Alma Gómez Caballero, and Lucha Castro Rodríguez. 2010. “Feminicide in Latin America and the Movement for Women's Human Rights.” In Terrorizing women: Feminicide in the Américas, eds. Rosa L. Fregoso and Cynthia L. Bejarano. Durham [NC]: Duke University Press, 157–76.

Carroll, Susan J. 1989. “The Personal is Political.” Women & Politics 9 (2): 51–67.———. 2001. The impact of women in public office. Indiana University Press.———. 2002. “Representing women: Congresswomen's perceptions of their Representative roles.” In Women

transforming Congress. v. 4 of Congressional studies series, ed. Cindy S. Rosenthal. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 50–68.

———. 2006. “Are Women Legislators Accountable to Women? The Complementary Roles of Feminist Identity and Women's Organizations.” In Gender and social capital. Gender politics, global issues, eds. Brenda L. O'Neill and Elisabeth Gidengil. New York: Routledge, 357–78.

Carroll, Susan J., and Krista Jenkins. 2001. “Unrealized Opportunity?: Term Limits and the Representation of Women in State Legislatures.” Women & Politics 23 (4): 1–30.

Carroll, Susan J., and Kira Sanbonmatsu. 2013. More women can run: Gender and pathways to the state legislatures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Caul, Miki. 1999. “Women's Representation in Parliament The Role of Political Parties.” Party Politics 5 (1): 79–98.Celis, Karen, and Sarah Childs. 2008. “Introduction: The descriptive and substantive representation of women: New

directions.” Parliamentary Affairs 61 (3): 419–25.Celis, Karen, Sarah Childs, Johanna Kantola, and Mona L. Krook. 2008. “Rethinking women's substantive

representation.” Representation 44 (2): 99–110.Centellas, M. 2010. “Savina Cuellar and Bolivia's New Regionalism.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 161–76.CEPAL. 2007. Quito Consensus.———. 2013. Santo Domingo Consensus.Cerva, Daniela. 2014. “Participación política y Violencia de Género en México.” Revista Mexicana de Ciencias

Políticas y Sociales LIX (222): 117–40. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.unam.mx%2Findex.php%2Frmspys%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F47725%2F42913&ei=ZrhHVbzUCYfCggSn4ICgCA&usg=AFQjCNE_loAr68HHlDYr4sra6aWcGn7j0Q&sig2=ez3ZI_aX297CaO0CEkPkdA&bvm=bv.92291466,d.eXY (Accessed May 4, 2015).

Chávez, Patricia. 2012. ¿De la colorida minoría a una mayoría gris?: Presencia indígena en el legislativo. [Bolivia]: Fundacion Friederich Ebert; Editorial Gente Común.

Childs, Sarah. 2001. “In their own words: New Labour women and the substantive representation of women.” The British Journal of Politics & International Relations 3 (2): 173–90.

———. 2008. Women and British party politics: descriptive, substantive and symbolic representation. Routledge.Childs, Sarah, and Mona L. Krook. 2006. “Should feminists give up on critical mass? A contingent yes.” Politics &

Gender 2 (04): 522–30.———. 2009. “Analysing women's substantive representation: From critical mass to critical actors.” Government

and Opposition 44 (2): 125–45.CIA. 2015. “CIA World Factbook: Peru.” CIA.

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html (June 4, 2015).Citron, Danielle K. 2014. Hate crimes in cyberspace. Harvard University Press.Claro, Maria E. 2015. “La otra cara: Mujeres en la política-Ley Nº 243 Contra el Acoso y Violencia Política.” Trans.

María C. Viscarra, Jessica Echeverria and Melania Torrico. September 5. http://www.ivoox.com/programa-de-radio-en-bolivia-la-otra-cara-audios-mp3_rf_7981954_1.html?suggestion=xbynx7Ozu7HBrsOz (September 6, 2015).

Collins, Jennifer N. 2014. “New Left Experiences in Bolivia and Ecuador and the Challenge to Theories of Populism.” Journal of Latin American Studies 46 (01): 59–86.

Corz, Carlos. 2012. “Juana Quispe fue impedida de ejercer 20 meses la concejalía.” La Razon, April 16. http://www.la-razon.com/ciudades/seguridad_ciudadana/Juana-Quispe-impedida-ejercer-concejalia_0_1597040308.html (Accessed February 13, 2014).

Crenshaw, Kimberle. 1989. “Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics.” U. Chi. Legal F.: 139.

———. 1991. “Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color.” Stanford law review: 1241–99.

Creswell, John W. 2014. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.

Cunningham, David E., and Douglas Lemke. 2015. “Beyond Civil War: A Quantitative Examination of Causes of Violence within Countries.” Civil Wars 16 (3): 328–45.

Cutts, D., Sarah Childs, and E. Fieldhouse. 2008. “`This is What Happens When You Don't Listen': All-Women Shortlists at the 2005 General Election.” Party Politics 14 (5): 575–95.

Cyr, Jennifer. 2015. “Making or Breaking Politics: Social Conflicts and Party-System Change in Democratic Bolivia.” [English]. Studies in Comparative International Development 50 (3): 283-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12116-014-9161-3.

———. 2015. “Making or Breaking Politics: Social Conflicts and Party-System Change in Democratic Bolivia.” [English]. Studies in Comparative International Development 50 (3): 283-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12116-014-9161-3.

Dahlerup, Drude. 1988. “From a small to a large minority: women in Scandinavian politics.” Scandinavian Political Studies 11 (4): 275–98.

———. 2006. Women, quotas and politics. 1st ed. Vol. 10 of Routledge research in comparative politics. London, New York: Routledge.

Dahlerup, Drude, and Lenita Freidenvall*. 2005. “Quotas as a ‘fast track’to equal representation for women: Why Scandinavia is no longer the model.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 7 (1): 26–48.

Dalton, Margarita. 2012. Democracia e igualdad en conflicto: Las presidentas municipales en Oaxaca.Darby, John. 2012. “Political Violence: An Overview.” In The Ashgate research companion to political violence.

Ashgate research companion, ed. Marie Breen-Smyth. Farnham, Surrey, Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub, 17–32.Dargatz, Anja, and Moira Zuazo Oblitas. 2012. Democracias en transformación: ¿Qué hay de nuevo en los nuevos

estados andinos? 1st ed. La Paz, Bolivia, Quito, Caracas: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung-Bolivia (FES); Fundación Friedrich Ebert (FES-ILDIS)-Ecuador; ILDIS-Venezuela.

Davies, Lizzy.———. 2014. “Laura Boldrini: the Italian politician rising above the rape threats.” The Guardian, February 8.

http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/feb/09/laura-boldrini-italian-politician-rape-threats (Accessed February 13, 2014).

DeKeseredy, Walter S. 2000. “Current Controversies on Defining Nonlethal Violence Against Women in Intimate Heterosexual Relationships Empirical Implications.” Violence Against Women 6 (7): 728–46.

Devine, Patricia, ed. 2012. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. San Diego: Academic Press [Imprint]; Elsevier Science & Technology Books.

Diaz, Mercedes M. 2005. Representing Women?: Female Legislators in West European Parliaments. ECPR Press.Dolan, Kathleen A. 1997. “Gender Differences in Support for Women Candidates.” Women & Politics 17 (2): 27–41.———. 2004. Voting for women: How the public evaluates women candidates. Dilemmas in American politics.

Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.———. 2006. “Symbolic mobilization? The impact of candidate sex in American elections.” American Politics

Research 34 (6): 687–704.———. 2008. “Women as candidates in American Politics: The continuing Impact of Sex and Gender.” In Political

women and American democracy, eds. Christina Wolbrecht, Karen Beckwith and Lisa Baldez. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 110–27.

———. 2010. “The Impact of Gender Stereotyped Evaluations on Support for Women Candidates.” [English]. Political Behavior 32 (1): 69-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-009-9090-4.

Dolan, Kathleen A., and Timothy Lynch. 2015. “Making the connection?: Attitudes about women in politics and voting for women candidates.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 3 (1): 111–32.

Dosh, P., N. Kligerman, and J. Lerager. 2010. “Women's Voices on the Executive Council: Popular Organizations and Resource Battles in Bolivia and Ecuador.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 214–37.

Dovi, Suzanne. 2002. “Preferable descriptive representatives: will just any woman, black, or Latino do?” American Political Science Review 96 (04): 729–43.

Eager, Paige W. 2008. From freedom fighters to terrorists: Women and political violence. Aldershot, England, Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

Eagly, Alice H., and Steven J. Karau. 2002. “Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.” Psychological Review 109 (3): 573–98.

Eaton, K. 2014. “Recentralization and the Left Turn in Latin America: Diverging Outcomes in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.” Comparative Political Studies 47 (8): 1130–57.

Edsall, Thomas B., and Mary D. Edsall. 1991. Chain reaction: The impact of race, rights, and taxes on American politics. New York: Norton.

Edwards, Alice. 2011. Violence against women under international human rights law. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.

EFE. June 29th, 2013. “México: Atentado contra una candidata del PRI provoca muerte de su esposo.” Emol, June 29th, 2013. http://www.emol.com/noticias/internacional/2013/06/29/606410/mexico-atentado-contra-una-candidata-del-pri-provoca-muerte-de-su-esposo.html.

Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. “Building Theories from Case Study Research.” Academy of Management Review 14 (4): 532–50.

El Comercio. 2015. “JNE: 4 de cada 10 candidatas es víctima de acoso político.” El Comercio, March 8. http://elcomercio.pe/politica/elecciones/jne-4-cada-10-candidatas-victima-acoso-politico-noticia-1796224 (Accessed March 10, 2015).

Elman, Amy R. 2013. “Gender Violence.” In The Oxford handbook of gender and politics, eds. Georgina Waylen, Karen Celis, Johana Kantola and S. L. Weldon. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 236–58.

Equality Now. 2007. “Afghanistan: Peace and Security Undermined: Suspension of Malalai Joya from Parliament.” Equality Now. http://www.equalitynow.org/node/255.

Escalante, Ana C., and Nineth Mendez. 2011. “Sistematización de experiencias de acoso político que viven o han vivido las mujeres que ocupan puestos de elección popular en el nivel local.” UN Women. http://www.americalatinagenera.org/es/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2130&Itemid=574.

Escobar-Lemmon, Maria, and Michelle M. Taylor-Robinson. 2008. “How do Candidate recruitment and selection process affect the representation of women?” In Pathways to power: Political recruitment and candidate selection in Latin America, eds. Peter Siavelis and Scott Morgenstern. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 345–68.

Evangelista, Matthew. 1995. “The Paradox of State Strength: Transnational Relations, Domestic Structures, and Security Policy in Russia and the Soviet Union.” International Organization 49 (1): 1–38. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706865.

Fabricant, N. 2010. “Between the Romance of Collectivism and the Reality of Individualism: Ayllu Rhetoric in Bolivia's Landless Peasant Movement.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 88–107.

Farthing, L. 2010. “Controlling State Power: An Interview with Vice President Alvaro Garcia Linera.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 30–33.

Farthing, L., and B. Kohl. 2010. “Social Control: Bolivia's New Approach to Coca Reduction.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 197–213.

Fawole, Olufunmilayo I. 2008. “Economic violence to women and girls: is it receiving the necessary attention?” [eng]. Trauma, Violence & Abuse 9 (3): 167–77.

Ferree, Myra M. 2004. “Soft Repression: Ridicule, Stigma, and Silencing in Gender-Based Movements.” In Authority in contention. vol. 25 of Research in social movements, conflicts and change, eds. Daniel J. Myers and Daniel M. Cress. Amsterdam, Oxford: Elsevier, 85–101.

FIDA. 2013. “Key Gains and Challenges A Gender Audit of Kenya’s 2013 Election Process.” FIDA. http://fidakenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ELECTIONS-GENDER-AUDIT-2013_FIDA-KENYA.pdf (June 24th, 2014).

Flores Vásquez, Jesús, Iblin Herbas Cuevas, and Francisca Huanca Aliaga. 2007. Mujeres y movimientos sociales en El Alto: Fronteras entre la participación política y la vida cotidiana / Jesús Flores Vásquez, Iblin Herbas Cuevas, Francisca Huanca Aliaga. no. 6 of Investigaciones regionales El Alto. La Paz: PIEB.

Fowler, Will, and Peter Lambert. 2006. Political violence and the construction of national identity in Latin America. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Fox, Richard L., and Jennifer L. Lawless. 2004. “Entering the arena? Gender and the decision to run for office.” American Journal of Political Science 48 (2): 264–80.

———. 2010. “If only they’d ask: Gender, recruitment, and political ambition.” The Journal of Politics 72 (02): 310–26.

Franceschet, Susan, Mona L. Krook, and Jennifer M. Piscopo. 2012. The impact of gender quotas. New York: Oxford University Press.

Franceschet, Susan, and Jennifer M. Piscopo. 2008. “Gender quotas and women's substantive representation: lessons from Argentina.” Politics & Gender 4 (03): 393–425.

———. 2013. “Equality, Democracy, and the Broadening and Deepening of Gender Quotas.” Politics & Gender 9 (03): 310–16.

Franceschet, Susan, Jennifer M. Piscopo, and GWYNN THOMAS. 2015. “Supermadres, Maternal Legacies and Women's Political Participation in Contemporary Latin America.” Journal of Latin American Studies: 1–32.

Fregoso, Rosa L., and Cynthia L. Bejarano, eds. 2010. Terrorizing women: Feminicide in the Américas. Durham [NC]: Duke University Press.

Frykberg, Mel. 2012. “Libya and Tunisia: Elections a Double-Edged Sword for Women.” Vision News. http://www.visionews.net/libya-elections-a-double-edged-sword-for-women/.

Galtung, J. 1990. “Cultural Violence.” Journal of Peace Research 27 (3): 291–305.Garcia Linera, A. 2010. “The State in Transition: Power Bloc and Point of Bifurcation.” Latin American Perspectives

37 (4): 34–47.

Genero INE. 2012. “Violencia política contra las mujeres, conceptos de Lucía Melgar.” November 23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fm84bcSDyw8 (January 5, 2015).

George, Alexander L., and Andrew Bennett. 2005. Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. BCSIA studies in international security. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Gillies, David. 2011. Elections in dangerous places: Democracy and the paradoxes of peacebuilding. Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press.

Goitia Caballero, Carlos A. 2012. Constitución política y justicia indígena originaria campesina: Potestades de generación normativa y administración de justicia. 1st ed. La Paz: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.

Golden, Heather, Steve Hinkle, and Faye Crosby. 2001. “Reactions to Affirmative Action: Substance and Semantics.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 31 (1): 73–88.

Gonzales Salas, Inés. 2013. Biografías: Historias de vida en la Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional. La Paz: ERBOL; IDEA, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance; Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Friedrich Ebert Stiftung; Editorial Gente Común.

Graham-Harrison, Emma. 2013. “Female Afghan MP kidnapped.” The Guardian, August 15. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/15/female-afghan-mp-kidnapped.

———. 2014. “Fawzia Koofi: 'The leadership turns off our microphones when we speak'.” The Guardian, February 8. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/feb/09/fawzia-koofi-afghanistan-mp-turn-off-microphones (Accessed February 13, 2014).

Green, Donald P., Laurence H. McFalls, and Jennifer K. Smith. 2001. “Hate crime: An emergent research agenda.” Annual Review of Sociology: 479–504.

Gustafson, B. 2010. “When States Act Like Movements: Dismantling Local Power and Seating Sovereignty in Post-Neoliberal Bolivia.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 48–66.

Hagopian, Frances, and Scott Mainwaring. 2005. The third wave of democratization in Latin America: Advances and setbacks. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hallett, Nicole. 2009. “The Evolution of Gender Crimes in International Law.” In Plight and fate of women during and following genocide. v. 7 of Genocide, ed. Samuel Totten. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 183–203.

Harris, Rafael S. 2008. “Racial microaggression? How do you know?” [eng]. The American psychologist 63 (4): 275-6; discussion 277-9.

Harway, Michele, James M. O'Neil, and Joseph R. Biden, eds. 1999. What causes men's violence against women? Domestic Violence Ser. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.

Hawkesworth, Mary. 1999. “Analyzing backlash: feminist standpoint theory as analytical tool.” Women's Studies International Forum 22 (2): 135–55. https://login.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=apn&AN=ALTP113044&site=eds-live.

———. 2003. “Congressional enactments of race–gender: Toward a theory of raced–gendered institutions.” American Political Science Review 97 (04): 529–50.

———. 2005. “Engendering political science: An immodest proposal.” Politics & Gender 1 (01): 141–56.Heilman, Madeline E. 2001. “Description and Prescription: How Gender Stereotypes Prevent Women's Ascent Up the

Organizational Ladder.” Journal of Social Issues 57 (4): 657–74.Herrera, Morena, Mitzy Arias, and Sara García. 2012. Hostilidad y Violencia Política: Develando Realidades de

Mujeres Autoridades Municipales. Sistematización de experiencias de violencia política que viven mujeres electas en Gobiernos Municipales en El Salvador. Santo Domingo: UN Women.

Hester, Marianne, Liz Kelly, and Jill Radford. 1996. Women, violence, and male power: Feminist activism, research, and practice. Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Höglund, Kristine. 2009. “Electoral Violence in Conflict-Ridden Societies: Concepts, Causes, and Consequences.” Terrorism and Political Violence 21 (3): 412–27.

Horan, Haley, Rossana Andia, Bahar Salimova, and IKNOW Politics. 2007. “Consolidated Reply e-disccussion: Elimitating Violence Against Women in Politics.” IKNOW Politics. http://iknowpolitics.org/sites/default/files/evawip-ediscussion-iknowpolitics2007-summary.pdf.

Howard, R. 2010. “Language, Signs, and the Performance of Power: The Discursive Struggle over Decolonization in the Bolivia of Evo Morales.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (3): 176–94.

Hoyos, Maria P., and Et Al. 2014. “Mujeres Muy Políticas, Mujeres Muy Públicas.” Bogota: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, FES Comunicación. http://www.fesmedia-latin-america.org/inicio/publicaciones/mujeres-muy-politicas-mujeres-muy-publicas/ (January 12, 2015).

Htun, Mala. 2003. Sex and the State: Abortion, divorce, and the family under Latin American dictatorships and democracies. Cambridge, UK, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Htun, Mala, and S. L. Weldon. 2010. “When Do Governments Promote Women's Rights? A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Sex Equality Policy.” Perspectives on Politics 8 (1): 207–16. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25698527.

———. 2012. “The Civic Origins of Progressive Policy Change: Combating Violence against Women in Global Perspective, 1975–2005.” American Political Science Review 106 (03): 548–69.

Hughes, Melanie M. 2009. “Armed Conflict, International Linkages, and Women's Parliamentary Representation in Developing Nations.” Social Problems 56 (1): 174–204.

Humphreys Bebbington, D., and A. Bebbington. 2010. “Anatomy of a Regional Conflict: Tarija and Resource Grievances in Morales's Bolivia.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 140–60.

IDEA. October 4th, 2007. Declaration opposing violence against women in politics in South-Asia. IDEA.Incer Brenes, Graciela. 2014. Gobernando como gatas panza arriba: manifestaciones de acoso político en contra de

las mujeres costarricenses durante el acceso y el ejercicio del poder. Costa Rica: Fundacion Konrad Adenauer.2013.Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres. 2011. “Plan de acción 2012 – 2014 de la Política Nacional para la Igualdad y

Equidad de Género.” San Jose: Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres. http://www.unfpa.or.cr/documentos-y-publicaciones-14/genero/92-plan-de-accion-politica-igualdad-y-equidad-de-genero-2012-2014-inamu/file (January 7, 2015).

IPU. 2015. “Women in National Parliaments Statistical Archive.” Interparliamentary Union. http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif-arc.htm (April 20, 2015).

Jarquín Edgar, Soledad. 2004. “Asesinan a Candidata Perredista en Oaxaca.” Cimac. http://www.cimacnoticias.com.mx/node/32747.

Jones, Adam. 2012. “Genocide as Political Violence.” In The Ashgate research companion to political violence. Ashgate research companion, ed. Marie Breen-Smyth. Farnham, Surrey, Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub, 329–46.

Jones, Mark P. 1998. “Gender Quotas, Electoral Laws, and the Election of Women Lessons from the Argentine Provinces.” Comparative Political Studies 31 (1): 3–21.

———. 2008. “Gender quotas, electoral laws, and the election of women: Evidence from the Latin American vanguard.” Comparative Political Studies.

Jones, Mark P., and Patricio Navia. 1999. “Assessing the effectiveness of gender quotas in open-list proportional representation electoral systems.” Social Science Quarterly: 341–55.

Jones, Sam. July 29th, 2013. “Labour MP Stella Creasy Receives Twitter rape threats.” The Guardian, July 29th, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/jul/29/labour-mp-stella-creasy-twitter-rape-threats (Accessed June 22nd, 2014k).

Jost, John T., and Aaron C. Kay. 2005. “Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification.” [eng]. Journal of personality and social psychology 88 (3): 498–509.

Kabeer, Naila. 2005. “Gender equality and women's empowerment: A critical analysis of the third millennium development goal 1.” Gender & Development 13 (1): 13–24.

Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2003. “The Ontology of "Political Violence": Actions and Identity in Civil Wars.” Perspectives on Politics (3): 475–94. http://journals.cambridge.org.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/article_S1537592703000355.

Kanthak, Kristin, and George A. Krause. 2012. The diversity paradox: Political parties, legislatures, and the organizational foundations of representation in America. New York: Oxford University Press.

Kaufmann, Karen M. 2002. “Culture wars, secular realignment, and the gender gap in party identification.” Political Behavior 24 (3): 283–307.

Kaup, B. Z. 2010. “A Neoliberal Nationalization?: The Constraints on Natural-Gas-Led Development in Bolivia.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (3): 123–38.

Kellow, Tim. 2010. “Women, Elections and Violence in West Africa: Assessing women’s political participation in Liberia and Sierra Leone.” International Alert. http://www.international-alert.org/sites/default/files/publications/201012WomenElectionsViolenceWestAfrica.pdf.

Kelly, Liz. 1988. “How women define their experiences of violence.” In Feminist perspectives on wife abuse. Sage focus editions, eds. Kersti Yllo and Michele L. Bograd. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications.

Kenny, Meryl. 2007. “Gender, Institutions and Power: A Critical Review.” Politics 27 (2): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.2007.00284.x.

Kilpatrick, Dean G. 2004. “What is violence against women: defining and measuring the problem.” [eng]. Journal of interpersonal violence 19 (11): 1209–34.

Kington, Tom. 2013. “Italy's first black minister: I had bananas thrown at me but I'm here to stay.” The Guardian, September 7. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/08/cecile-kyenge-quest-for-tolerance.

Kirshner, J. 2010. “Migrants' Voices: Negotiating Autonomy in Santa Cruz.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 108–24.

Kittilson, Miki C. 2006. Challenging parties, changing parliaments: Women and elected office in contemporary Western Europe. Ohio State University Press.

Koch, Julie. 2006. “Collectivism or Isolation?: Gender Relations in Urban La Paz, Bolivia.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 25 (1): 43–62.

Kohl, B., and R. Bresnahan. 2010. “Bolivia under Morales: Consolidating Power, Initiating Decolonization.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (3): 5–17.

———. 2010. “Introduction Bolivia under Morales: National Agenda, Regional Challenges, and the Struggle for Hegemony.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 5–20.

Koonings, Kees, and Dirk Kruijt, eds. 1999. Societies of fear: The legacy of civil war, violence and terror in Latin America. London, New York: Zed Books.

Krais, Beate. 1993. “Gender and Symbolic Violence.” In Bourdieu: Critical perspectives, eds. Pierre Bourdieu, Craig J. Calhoun, Edward LiPuma and Moishe Postone. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 156–77.

Krook, Mona L. 2009. Quotas for women in politics: Gender and candidate selection reform worldwide. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.

———. 2015. “Empowerment versus backlash: Gender quotas and critical mass theory.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 3 (1): 184–88.

———. 2015. Gender and Elections: Temporary Special Measures Beyond Quotas. Vol. 4 of Conflict Prevention and Peace Forum: Working Papers in Women and Politics. Social Sciences Research Council.

Krook, Mona L., and Sarah Childs. 2010. Women, gender, and politics: A reader. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.

Krook, Mona L., and Juliana Restrepo Sanin. 2014. Violence against Women in Politics: Concepts and Policy Solutions. APSA Annual Meeting, Washington D.C. August 28-31 2014.

———. Forthcoming 2016. “Gender and Political Violence in Latin America: Concepts, Debates, and Solutions.” Política y Gobierno XXIII (1).

Krook, Mona L., and Jacqui True. 2012. “Rethinking the life cycles of international norms: The United Nations and the global promotion of gender equality.” European Journal of International Relations 18 (1): 103–27.

La Patria. August 28th, 2013. “Concejala renuncia por acoso y violencia política.” La Patria, August 28th, 2013. http://lapatriaenlinea.com/?nota=155344.

Lamas, Marta, and Azuela Maite. 2009. “Con la cultura en contra: Algunas consideraciones sobre los obstáculos que las mexicanas enfrentan para ejercer sus derechos político-electorales.” In Género y derechos políticos: La protección jurisdiccional de los derechos político-electorales de las mujeres en México. 2009th ed., eds. Karina Ansolabehere Sesti, Daniela Cerva Cerna and Enrique Ochoa Reza. México: Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación, 29–73.

Lambert, Peter. 2012. “National Identity, Conflict and Political Violence: Experiences in Latin America.” In The Ashgate research companion to political violence. Ashgate research companion, ed. Marie Breen-Smyth. Farnham, Surrey, Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub, 281–99.

Lawless, Jennifer L., and Richard L. Fox. 2005. It takes a candidate: Why women don't run for office. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.

———. 2010. It still takes a candidate: Why women don't run for office. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Lawrence, Regina G., and Melody Rose. 2010. Hillary Clinton's race for the White House: Gender politics and the

media on the campaign trail. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Leech, Beth L. 2002. “Asking questions: techniques for semistructured interviews.” Political Science & Politics 35

(04): 665–68.———. 2002. “Interview methods in political science.” Political Science & Politics 35 (04): 663–64.León de Leal, Magdalena, and Lisa Baldez. 2005. Nadando contra la corriente: Mujeres y cuotas políticas en los

países andinos. Quito, Bogotá, Lima, La Paz, Quito: UNIFEM; UNFPA; Universidad Nacional, Escuela de Estudios de Género; Instituto de Estudios Peruanos; CIDEM; FLACSO Ecuador.

Lerager, J. 2010. “Taking the High Road: On the Campaign Trail with Evo Morales.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 21–29.

Levitsky, Steven, and Kenneth M. Roberts. 2011. The resurgence of the Latin American left. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Lies, Elaine. June 20th, 2014. “Japanese officials on Friday condemned the heckling of a woman member of Tokyo's city assembly, during a debate on support for working mothers, by male members who ridiculed her and called on her to get married.” MSN News, June 20th, 2014. http://news.msn.com/world/outrage-in-japan-as-woman-lawmaker-jeered-for-being-single-childless.

Lombardo, Emanuela, and Petra Meier. “The symbolic representation of gender: an introduction.”Lovenduski, Joni, and Claudie Baudino. 2005. State feminism and political representation. Cambridge, New York:

Cambridge University Press.Lowndes, Vivien. 2004. “Getting On or Getting By?: Women, Social Capital and Political Participation.” The British

Journal of Politics and International Relations 6 (1): 45–64.Machiao, Nelson. 2012. “Estudio de Caso en Bolivia: Violencia Política en Razón de Género.”

http://www.americalatinagenera.org/es/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=2154&Itemid=.

Machicao Barbery, Ximena. 2004. Acoso Político: Un Tema Urgente que Afrontar. La Paz.———. 2011. “Participación política de las mujeres: Acoso y violencia política.” Gloobal: Red de Salud de las Mujeres

Latinoamericanas y del Caribe. http://www.gloobal.net/iepala/gloobal/fichas/ficha.php?id=15617&entidad=Textos&html=1 (January 5, 2015).

Mackay, Fiona, and Mona L. Krook. 2011. Gender, politics and institutions: Towards a feminist institutionalism. Gender and politics. Basingstoke, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

MacKinnon, Catharine A. 1979. Sexual harassment of working women: A case of sex discrimination. New Haven: Yale University Press.

———. 1989. Toward a feminist theory of the state. Harvard University Press.Mainwaring, Scott, and Matthew S. Shugart. 1997. Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America. Cambridge

studies in comparative politics. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.Malterud, Kirsti. 2001. “Qualitative research: Standards, challenges, and guidelines.” The Lancet 358 (9280): 483–

88.Mansbridge, Jane. 1999. “Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? A contingent “yes”.” The

Journal of Politics 61 (03): 628–57.———. 2003. “Rethinking representation.” American Political Science Review 97 (04): 515–28.Mansbridge, Jane, and Shauna L. Shames. 2008. “Toward a Theory of Backlash: Dynamic Resistance and the Central

Role of Power.” Politics & Gender 4 (04): 623.Mansbridge, Jane J., and Aldon Morris. 2001. Oppositional consciousness: The subjective roots of social protest.

University of Chicago Press.Marco Navarro, Flavia. 2013. “La política de paridad y alternancia de género en los órganos de elección del Estado

Plurinacional de Bolivia y en las instancias políticas intermedias:.” CEPAL and Observatorio de Igualdad de Género de América Latina y el Caribe. http://www.cepal.org/oig/noticias/noticias/3/49723/politica_de_paridad_y_alternancia_en_bolivia.pdf (April 26, 2015).

Marin, Amy J., and Nancy Felipe Russo. 1999. “Feminist Perspectives on Male Violence Against Women.” In What causes men's violence against women? Domestic Violence Ser, eds. Michele Harway, James M. O'Neil and Joseph R. Biden. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 18–35.

Matland, Richard E. 1998. “Women's representation in national legislatures: Developed and developing countries.” Legislative Studies Quarterly: 109–25.

Matland, Richard E., and Donley T. Studlar. 1996. “The contagion of women candidates in single-member district and proportional representation electoral systems: Canada and Norway.” The Journal of Politics 58 (03): 707–33.

McGurn Centellas, K. 2010. “The Localism of Bolivian Science: Tradition, Policy, and Projects.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (3): 160–75.

McLaughlin, Heather, Christopher Uggen, and Amy Blackstone. 2012. “Sexual harassment, workplace authority, and the paradox of power.” American sociological review 77 (4): 625–47.

McPhail, B. A. 2002. “Gender-bias hate crimes: a review.” Trauma, Violence & Abuse 3 (2): 125–43. https://login.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2002115400&site=eds-live.

Medina Espino, Adriana. 2013. “Notas sobre la Violence contra las mueres en la esfera política en México.” CEAMEG, Cámara de Diputados, LXII Legislatura. http://archivos.diputados.gob.mx/Centros_Estudio/ceameg/ET_2013/22_NSVCM.pdf.

Meier, Petra. 2008. “A Gender Gap Not Closed by Quotas.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 10 (3): 329–47.Mendonca Cunha, C., and R. Santaella Goncalves. 2010. “The National Development Plan as a Political Economic

Strategy in Evo Morales's Bolivia: Accomplishments and Limitations.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 177–96.

Mendoza Frisch, Veronika Fanny. 2012. Ley contra el acoso político hacia las mujeres.Migiro, Katy. February 20th, 2013. “Cash, sexism and violence keep women out of Kenyan politics.” Reuters,

February 20th, 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/20/us-kenya-elections-women-idUSBRE91J0KO20130220.

Miller, Lisa L. 2013. “Power to the people: Violent victimization, inequality and democratic politics.” Theoretical Criminology 17 (3): 283–313.

———. 2015. “What’s violence got to do with it? Inequality, punishment, and state failure in US politics.” Punishment & Society 17 (2): 184–210.

Morgan, Jana, and Melissa Buice. 2013. “Latin American Attitudes toward Women in Politics: The Influence of Elite Cues, Female Advancement, and Individual Characteristics.” American Political Science Review 107 (04): 644–62.

Morris, Zoë S. 2009. “The Truth about Interviewing Elites.” Politics 29 (3): 209–17.Morsch, James. 1991. “The Problem of Motive in Hate Crimes: The Argument against Presumptions of Racial

Motivation.” The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 82 (3): 659–89. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1143748.

Moser, Caroline O. N, and Fiona C. Clark. 2001. Victims, perpetrators or actors?: Gender, armed conflict and political violence. London, New York: Zed Books.

Muñoz-Pogossian, Betilde. “The Role of International Electoral Observation Missions in the Promotion of the Political Rights of Women: The Case of the OAS.”

Murray, Rainbow. 2010. Parties, gender quotas and candidate selection in France. French politics, society and culture series. Basingstoke [England], New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Myers, Daniel J., and Daniel M. Cress, eds. 2004. Authority in contention. vol. 25 of Research in social movements, conflicts and change. Amsterdam, Oxford: Elsevier.

National Democratic Institute. April 12th, 2012. “Political Parties in Sierra Leone Pledge Open, Safe, Inclusive Elections.” April 12th, 2012. https://www.ndi.org/sierra-leone-code-of-conduct (Accessed June 25th, 2014).

———. 2014. Violence Against Women in Politics Factsheet. National Democratic Institute.———. 2015. “NDI Launches Global Campaign To Address Violence Against Women In Elections.” National

Democratic Institute. https://www.ndi.org/violence_against_women_elections (May 6, 2015).Niven, David. 1998. “Party elites and women candidates: The shape of bias.” Women & Politics 19 (2): 57–80.Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank, and Ferran Martínez i Coma, eds. Advancing electoral integrity.Nugent, M. K., and M. L. Krook. 2015. “All-Women Shortlists: Myths and Realities.” Parliamentary Affairs.O'Leary, K. D. 1999. “Psychological abuse: A variable deserving critical attention in domestic violence.” Violence

and victims 14 (1): 3–23.Oltermann, Philip. February 8th, 2014. “Kirsten Lühmann: 'Ever read an article about Helmut Kohl's dress sense?'.”

The Guardian, February 8th, 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/feb/09/kirsten-luhmann-germany-spd-helmut-kohl-dress-sense.

O'Neill, Brenda L., and Elisabeth Gidengil, eds. 2006. Gender and social capital. Gender politics, global issues. New York: Routledge.

Oosterveld, Valerie. 2009. “Prosecution of Gender-Based Acts of Genocide under International Law.” In Plight and fate of women during and following genocide. v. 7 of Genocide, ed. Samuel Totten. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 205–18.

Organization of American States, CIM. 2015. “Political Violence against Women in the framework of the Belém do Pará Convention Experts’ Meeting.” Washington D.C.

———. 2015. “Political Violence against Women in the framework of the Belém do Pará Convention. Experts' Meeting.” Trans. Susana Villarán. Washington D.C. February 25.

Oviedo Obarrio, F. 2010. “Evo Morales and the Altiplano: Notes for an Electoral Geography of the Movimiento al Socialismo, 2002--2008.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (3): 91–106.

Palmieri, Sonia. 2011. “Gender-Sensitive Parliaments: A Global Review of Good Practice.” IPU. http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/gsp11-e.pdf.

Paulson, Susan, and Pamela Calla. 2000. “Gender and Ethnicity in Bolivian Politics: Transformation or Paternalism?” Journal of Latin American Anthropology 5 (2): 112–49.

Paxton, P., Melanie M. Hughes, and J. L. Green. 2006. “The International Women's Movement and Women's Political Representation, 1893-2003.” American sociological review 71 (6): 898–920.

Paxton, Pamela, Melanie M. Hughes, and Jennifer L. Green. 2006. “The International Women's Movement and Women's Political Representation, 1893-2003.” American sociological review 71 (6): 898–920. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25472436.

Paxton, Pamela M., and Melanie M. Hughes. 2014. Women, politics, and power: A global perspective. Sociology for a new century series. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Pena Claros, C. 2010. “Un pueblo eminente: Autonomist Populism in Santa Cruz.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 125–39.

Perry, Barbara. 2001. In the name of hate: Understanding hate crimes. New York: Routledge.Phelan, Julie E., and Laurie A. Rudman. 2010. “Prejudice Toward Female Leaders: Backlash Effects and Women’s

Impression Management Dilemma.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass 4 (10): 807–20.Phillips, Anne. 1995. The politics of presence. Oxford political theory. Oxford, New York: Clarendon Press; Oxford

University Press.Pilch, Frances T. 2009. “Rape as Genocide.” In Plight and fate of women during and following genocide. v. 7 of

Genocide, ed. Samuel Totten. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 169–82.Piscopo, Jennifer M. 2011. “Rethinking descriptive representation: Rendering women in legislative debates.”

Parliamentary Affairs: gsq061.———. 2015. “States as Gender Equality Activists: The Evolution of Quota Laws in Latin America.” Latin American

Politics and Society 57 (3): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2015.00278.x.Pitkin, Hanna F. 1967. The concept of representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.Plumm, Karyn M., and Cheryl A. Terrance. 2013. “Gender-bias hate crimes: what constitutes a hate crime from a

potential juror's perspective?” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 43 (7): 1468–79.Postero, N. 2010. “Morales's MAS Government: Building Indigenous Popular Hegemony in Bolivia.” Latin American

Perspectives 37 (3): 18–34.Pozo, Maria E. 2014. “Seminario "Mujeres en la vida política: El gran cambio en los últimos 50 años" Acoso y

Violencia Política a las Mujeres: El Caso Boliviano: “Quieren que yo directamente alce la mano, sin la voz de palabra”.” Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Prentice, Deborah A., and Erica Carranza. 2002. “What Women and Men Should Be, Shouldn't Be, Are Allowed to Be, and Don't Have to Be: The Contents of Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 26 (4): 269–81.

Ptacek, James. 1988. “Why do men batter their wives?” In Feminist perspectives on wife abuse. Sage focus editions, eds. Kersti Yllo and Michele L. Bograd. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications, 133–57.

Puwar, Nirmal. 2004. Space invaders: Race, gender and bodies out of place. Oxford, New York: Berg.Quintanilla, Tammy. 2012. “Documento de Trabajo: Propuesta de Iniciativa Legislativa Sobre Acoso Político a

Mujeres Autoridades.” RENAMA, Flora Tristán, Calandria, Manuela Ramos, Diakonia. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCwQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fiknowpolitics.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpropuesta_de_proyecto_de_ley_sobre_el_acoso_politico_hacia_las_mujeresversion_fianal.pdf&ei=SXWoU_-jB7HLsAT9vIKwDw&usg=AFQjCNEP00G5cebDG63h-G5ym0rV8ckk1w&sig2=9sRDZMBwom668kvj2yZYmg&bvm=bv.69411363,d.cWc.

———. 2012. Estudio sobre el Acoso Politico Hacia las Mujeres en el Perú. Lima.Ramirez, Francisco O., Yasemin Soysal, and Suzanne Shanahan. 1997. “The Changing Logic of Political Citizenship:

Cross-National Acquisition of Women's Suffrage Rights, 1890 to 1990.” American sociological review 62 (5): 735–45. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2657357.

Ramtohul, Ramola. Forthcoming. “An Analysis of the Gender Deficit of the Mauritian Democracy.” In Africa’s Checkered Democracy: Institutions, Participation and Accountability, ed. Said Adejumobi. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Reid, Michael. 2009. Forgotten continent: The battle for Latin America's soul. New Haven, CT, London: Yale University Press.

Reinharz, Shulamit, and Lynn Davidman. 1992. Feminist methods in social research. Oxford University Press.Relea, Francesc. 2008. “La Rebelion se llama Eufrosina Cruz.” El Pais, February 10.

http://elpais.com/diario/2008/02/10/internacional/1202598001_850215.html (Accessed December 29, 2014).Richards, David L., and Jillienne Haglund. 2015. Violence against women and the law. International studies

intensives book series. Paradigm.———. 2015. “How laws around the world do and do not protect women from violence.” The Washington Post,

February 11. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2015/02/11/how-laws-around-the-world-do-and-do-not-protect-women-from-violence/ (Accessed February 15, 2015).

Roberts, K. M. 2013. “Market Reform, Programmatic (De)alignment, and Party System Stability in Latin America.” Comparative Political Studies 46 (11): 1422–52.

Romero, Laura. July 8th, 2011. “Incipientes avances en materia de representación política femenina.” July 8th, 2011. Cimac TV.

Rosenthal, Cindy S. 1995. “The role of gender in descriptive representation.” Political Research Quarterly 48 (3): 599–611.

———. 1998. When women lead: Integrative leadership in state legislatures. New York: Oxford University Press.———, ed. 2002. Women transforming Congress. v. 4 of Congressional studies series. Norman, OK: University of

Oklahoma Press.Roulston, Kathryn. 2010. Reflective interviewing: A guide to theory and practice. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.Rousseau, Stéphanie, and Anahi Hudon Morales. 2015. “Paths towards Autonomy in Indigenous Women's

Movements: Mexico, Peru, Bolivia.” Journal of Latin American Studies: 1–28.Rudman, Laurie A., and Peter Glick. 2001. “Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes and Backlash Toward Agentic Women.”

Journal of Social Issues 57 (4): 743–62.Rudman, Laurie A., Corinne A. Moss-Racusin, Peter Glick, and Julie E. Phelan. 2012. “Reactions to Vanguards:

Advances In Backlash Theory.” In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. Patricia Devine. San Diego: Academic Press [Imprint]; Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 167–227.

Rudman, Laurie A., Corinne A. Moss-Racusin, Julie E. Phelan, and Sanne Nauts. 2012. “Status incongruity and backlash effects: Defending the gender hierarchy motivates prejudice against female leaders.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 48 (1): 165–79.

Rudman, Laurie A., and Julie E. Phelan. 2008. “Backlash effects for disconfirming gender stereotypes in organizations.” Research in Organizational Behavior 28: 61–79.

Rule, Wilma. 1987. “Electoral systems, contextual factors and women's opportunity for election to parliament in twenty-three democracies.” The Western Political Quarterly: 477–98.

Sajjad, Tazreena. 2009. “The Post-Genocidal Period and Its Impact on Women.” In Plight and fate of women during and following genocide. v. 7 of Genocide, ed. Samuel Totten. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 219–47.

Sanbonmatsu, Kira. 2002. “Political Parties and the Recruitment of Women to State Legislatures.” The Journal of Politics 64 (03).

———. 2003. “Gender-related political knowledge and the descriptive representation of women.” Political Behavior 25 (4): 367–88.

———. 2006. Where women run: Gender and party in the American states. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Santiváñez Beltrán, Rodolfo. 2002. Programas para incrementar la participación ciudadana en la gestión

parlamentaria: Experiencias, 2000-2002. 1st ed. [La Paz, Bolivia]: H. Cámara de Diputados; Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales (FES-ILDIS), Unidad de Apoyo a la Gestión Parlamentaria.

SAP International. 2006. “Violence Against Women in Politics Surveillance System.” Lalitpur, Nepal.———. 2007. Invisible faces of violence on women in politics: Breaking the silence. Lalitpur: South Asia Partnership

International.———, ed. 2008. 2nd South Asian Regional Conference on Violence Against Women in Politics.: Combating Violence

Against Women in Politics: Revisiting Policies, Politics and Participation.Senado de la República, LXII Legislatura. 2013. Dictamen de las Comisiones Unidas para la Igualdad de Género y de

Estudios Legislativos, Segunda, Relativo a la Iniciativa con Proyecto de Decreto por el que se Reforman y Adicionan Diversas Disposiciones a la Ley General de Acceso de las Mujeres a Una Vida Libre de Violencia y al Código Federal de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales. Gaceta del Senado.

Shepherd, Laura J. 2012. “Introduction: Rethinking Gender, Agency and Political Violence.” In Gender, agency and political violence. Rethinking political violence series, eds. Linda Ahäll and Laura J. Shepherd. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1–15.

Shepherd, Tory. 2014. “More women turning off politics after Julia Gillard was badly treated.” The Advertiser, January 14. http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/more-women-turning-off-politics-after-julia-gillard-was-badly-treated/story-fni6uo1m-1226801892247.

Siavelis, Peter, and Scott Morgenstern, eds. 2008. Pathways to power: Political recruitment and candidate selection in Latin America. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Silva, Eduardo. 2013. “Social movements, policy, and conflict in post-neoliberal latin america: Bolivia in the time of evo morales.” In Voices of Globalization. Research in Political Sociology, ed. Barbara Wejnert. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 51–76.

Simmons, Beth A., and Zachary Elkins. 2004. “The Globalization of Liberalization: Policy Diffusion in the International Political Economy.” The American Political Science Review 98 (1): 171–89. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4145304.

Sjoberg, Laura. 2012. “Feminist Reflections on Political Violence.” In The Ashgate research companion to political violence. Ashgate research companion, ed. Marie Breen-Smyth. Farnham, Surrey, Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub, 261–79.

Smith, Helena. 2012. “Golden Dawn MP's live TV assault shocks Greece.” June 7. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/07/golden-dawn-tv-assault-greece (Accessed May 8, 2012).

Smulovitz, Catalina. 2015. “Legal Inequality and Federalism: Domestic Violence Laws in the Argentine Provinces.” Latin American Politics and Society 57 (3): 1–26.

Snow, David A., Donatella Della Porta, and Bert Klandermans. op. 2013. The Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of social and political movements. Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedias in social science. Malden, Mass.: Wiley.

Stark, Evan. 2007. Coercive control: The entrapment of women in personal life. Interpersonal violence. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.

Strolovitch, Dara Z. 2007. Affirmative advocacy: Race, class, and gender in interest group politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Suárez Coronel, Elsa, and Ridher Sánchez Andrade. 2007. Mujeres en el municipio: Participación política de concejalas de Cochabamba. n. 2 of Investigaciones regionales. Cochabamba. La Paz, Bolivia, Cochabamba, Bolivia: Fundación PIEB; CESU; DICYT-UMSS.

Sue, Derald W., Christina M. Capodilupo, Kevin L. Nadal, and Gina C. Torino. 2008. “Racial microaggressions and the power to define reality.” American Psychologist 63 (4): 277–79.

Sue, Derald W., Christina M. Capodilupo, Gina C. Torino, Jennifer M. Bucceri, Aisha M. B. Holder, Kevin L. Nadal, and Marta Esquilin. 2007. “Racial microaggressions in everyday life: implications for clinical practice.” [eng]. The American psychologist 62 (4): 271–86.

Swers, Michele L. 2013. Women in the club: Gender and policy making in the Senate. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.

Tedeschi, James T., and Richard B. Felson. 1994. Violence, aggression & coercive actions. 1st ed. Washington, DC, Hyattsville, MD: American Psychological Association.

Thomas, Sue. 1991. “The impact of women on state legislative policies.” The Journal of Politics 53 (04): 958–76.Thompson, Ginger. 2007. “Mexican Town Refuses to Abandon Fallen Hero's Dream.” New York Times, November 7

(Accessed http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800E7D9123CF934A35752C1A9629C8B63&module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3As).

Thorp, Rosemary, Corinne Caumartin, and George Gray-Molina. 2006. “Inequality, Ethnicity, Political Mobilisation and Political Violence in Latin America: The Cases of Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru*.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 25 (4): 453–80.

Tickner, J. A. 2004. “Feminist responses to international security studies.” Peace Review 16 (1): 43–48.———. 2005. “Gendering a Discipline: Some Feminist Methodological Contributions to International Relations.”

Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 30 (4): 2173–88.Tockman, Jason, and John Cameron. 2014. “Indigenous Autonomy and the Contradictions of Plurinationalism in

Bolivia.” Latin American Politics and Society 56 (3): 46–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2014.00239.x.———. 2014. “Indigenous Autonomy and the Contradictions of Plurinationalism in Bolivia.” [English]. Latin American

Politics and Society 56 (3): 46. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1554975974?accountid=13626.

Toranzo Roca, Carlos F. 2006. Rostros de la democracia: Una mirada mestiza. 1st ed. La Paz, Bolivia: Plural Editores; Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung/ILDIS.

Totten, Samuel, ed. 2009. Plight and fate of women during and following genocide. v. 7 of Genocide. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.

Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federacion. 2009. “Las Mujeres Candidatas en el Proceso Electoral Federal de 2009: Informe integrado. Estudio Cuantitativo y Cualitativo.” TEPJF.

True, Jacqui. 2013. “Women, peace and security in post-conflict and peacebuilding contexts.” Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, Policy Brief, March.

True, Jacqui, and Michael Mintrom. 2001. “Transnational Networks and Policy Diffusion: The Case of Gender Mainstreaming.” International Studies Quarterly 45 (1): 27–57. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3096100.

Tuladhar, M. T., R. Nepāli, P. Shrestha, and South Asia Partnership International. 2009. Exploring Gender Gaps in Politics, Participation, and Policies: Analytical Report. South Asia Partnership International.

UN. 1979. “Convention on Elimination of all forms of Violence and Discrimination against Women.” New York: United Nations. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/text/econvention.htm (March 17, 2015).

———. 1995. “Beijing Platform for Action.” Beijing. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/ (March 17, 2015).

UN Development Programme. 2011. “Understanding Electoral Violence in Asia.” http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/UNDP_elections_violence_AP.pdf.

United Nations. June 22nd, 2012. Naciones Unidas sobre el asesinato de la Concejala de Guayaramerín, Daguimar Rivera. UN.

Valdivia, G. 2010. “Agrarian Capitalism and Struggles over Hegemony in the Bolivian Lowlands.” Latin American Perspectives 37 (4): 67–87.

Valentino, Benjamin A. 2014. “Why We Kill: The Political Science of Political Violence against Civilians.” Annual Review of Political Science 17 (1): 89–103.

Valverde, María E. R. 2010. “Gender-based political harassment and violence: effects on the political work and public roles of women.” [eng]. New solutions : a journal of environmental and occupational health policy : NS 20 (4): 527–35.

Vásquez García, Verónica. 2011. Usos y costumbres y ciudadanía femenina: Hablan las presidentas municipales de Oaxaca. 1996-2010. Estudios de Género. Mexico D.F.: Cámara de Diputados de México LXI Legislatura, Colegio de Postgraduados, Miguel Angel Porrúa.

Verge, T., and de la Fuente, M. 2014. “Playing with different cards: Party politics, gender quotas and women's empowerment.” International Political Science Review 35 (1): 67–79.

Volden, Craig, Alan E. Wiseman, and Dana E. Wittmer. 2013. “When Are Women More Effective Lawmakers Than Men?” American Journal of Political Science 57 (2): 326–41.

Walsh, Denise M. 2011. Women's rights in democratizing states: Just debate and gender justice in the public sphere. Cambridge [U.K.], New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.

Wängnerud, Lena. 2009. “Women in parliaments: Descriptive and substantive representation.” Annual Review of Political Science 12: 51–69.

Waylen, G. 2008. “Enhancing the Substantive Representation of Women: Lessons from Transitions to Democracy.” Parliamentary Affairs 61 (3): 518–34.

Waylen, Georgina. 2000. “Gender and Democratic Politics: A Comparative Analysis of Consolidation in Argentina and Chile.” Journal of Latin American Studies 32 (3): 765–93. http://www.jstor.org/stable/158617.

———. 2003. “Gender and transitions: What do we know?” Democratization 10 (1): 157–78.———. 2007. Engendering transitions: Women's mobilization, institutions, and gender outcomes. Oxford University

Press Oxford.Waylen, Georgina, Karen Celis, Johana Kantola, and S. L. Weldon, eds. 2013. The Oxford handbook of gender and

politics. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.Weaver, Vesla M. 2007. “Frontlash: Race and the Development of Punitive Crime Policy.” Studies in American

Political Development 21 (02).Webber, J. R. 2010. “Carlos Mesa, Evo Morales, and a Divided Bolivia (2003--2005).” Latin American Perspectives 37

(3): 51–70.———. 2010. “Carlos Mesa, Evo Morales, and a Divided Bolivia (2003--2005).” Latin American Perspectives 37 (3):

51–70.Wejnert, Barbara. 2013. Voices of globalization. v. 21 of Research in Political Sociology. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald.———, ed. 2013. Voices of Globalization. Research in Political Sociology. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Weldon, S. L. 2002. “Beyond Bodies: Institutional Sources of Representation for Women in Democratic

Policymaking.” The Journal of Politics 64 (04).———. 2006. “Inclusion, Solidarity, and Social Movements: The Global Movement against Gender Violence.”

Perspectives on Politics 4 (1): 55–74. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3688626 ———. 2012. When protest makes policy: How social movements represent disadvantaged groups. CAWP series in

gender and American politics. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press.

Weldon, S. L., and Mala Htun. 2013. “Feminist mobilisation and progressive policy change: why governments take action to combat violence against women.” Gender & Development 21 (2): 231–47.

Weyland, Kurt. 2005. “Theories of Policy Diffusion: Lessons from Latin American Pension Reform.” World Politics 57 (2): 262–95. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25054294.

Wolbrecht, Christina, Karen Beckwith, and Lisa Baldez, eds. 2008. Political women and American democracy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Wray, Norman. 2012. “Violencia contra la mujer en el espacio público y la política.” Ágora Política 3 (6): 49–53.Yllo, Kersti, and Michele L. Bograd, eds. 1988. Feminist perspectives on wife abuse. Sage focus editions. Newbury

Park, Calif.: Sage Publications.Yoder, Janice D. 1991. “Rethinking Tokenism: Looking beyond Numbers.” Gender and Society 5 (2): 178–92.

http://www.jstor.org/stable/189483.Young, Iris M. 2000. Inclusion and democracy. Oxford political theory. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.Zetterberg, P. 2008. “The Downside of Gender Quotas?: Institutional Constraints on Women in Mexican State

Legislatures.” Parliamentary Affairs 61 (3): 442–60.