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Works Cited
Abrahamian, Ervand. Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1993. Print. This book contains many essays by prominent historians
regarding the rise of Khomeinism and its impacts on Iran, the Middle East, and the world.
It probed many issues such as the communist influence in Iran, rivaling ideologies, and
the nature of Iranian Government. This book was very useful in learning about issues
discussed on the "Turning Tables: Starting the Revolution" page.
- - -. "The 1953 Coup in Iran." The 1953 Coup in Iran. Vol. 65. N.p.: S&S Quarterly, Inc., 2001.
182-215. JSTOR. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/40403895?
uid=3739560&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101635268953
>. We used this book excerpt from JSTOR for a quote said by Dwight D. Eisenhower
which reads "Matters came to a head in August when for three days, Mossadeq, backed
by the Communist party, seemed to be the irresistible dictator of Iran. One senior
diplomat even advised that we should snuggle up to him... but fortunately, the loyalty of
the army and the fear of communism saved the day." This quote represents the U.S.
Intelligence point of view during the 1953 coup. Government leaders over exaggerated
the threat of communism in the region, and yet most Americans still believed the Tudeh
to be a legitimate threat. We used this quote on the "Reasons for Iran's Coup: A Ticking
Time Bomb" page.
Adib-Moghaddam, Arshin. Iran in World Politics. New York: Columbia UP, n.d. Print. This
book was an insight into domestic and foerign policies of post-revolution Iran. It also
assessed the Impact of the Iran-Iraq war page, and the books basic ideals were usewd in
writing the Impact page.
Albright, Madeleine K. "American-Iranian Relations." U.S. Department of State. Washington
D.C. 17 Mar. 2000. Print. Speech transcript. This transcript of a Madeleine Albright
speech came in useful when proving a point that Iran's coup was a major political
setback. When Mosaddeq was in power, he advocated progressive policy that the West
was not prepared to handle. Since Secretary Albright illustrated this point in no uncertain
terms, it was a perfect match for out "Turning Tables: Starting the Revolution" page.
Amanpour, Christian, David Burnett, and John Kifner. 44 Days: Iran and the Remaking of the
World. Ed. Robert Pledge and Jacques Menasche. N.p.: National Geographic, 2009. Print.
This book was a day-by-day photo essay of the 1979 revolution, containing many high-
quality color and black-and white photographs. Our site will be enhanced by these photos
and will provide context on many of our pages.
Athanasiadis, Iason. "After Sunday clashes in Iran, 'Green Movement' supporters take stock."
Christian Science Monitor. Christian Science Monitor, 28 Dec. 2009. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2009/1228/After-Sunday-clashes-in-
Iran-Green-Movement-supporters-take-stock>. We used this article disucussing the
increasing intensity of anti-regime protests for an image of a young protester on our Iran
today page. The articel showed us that there may be parallels between the Iranian
revolution and the Green Movement.
"Ayatollah Khomeini." ABC-CLIO World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 29
Jan. 2013. <http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/314864?
terms=Ayatollah+Khomeini>. This excellent article gave an overview of Khomeini's life
and his influence on the revolution. It provide generals details of his life before the
revolution began in Iran. It also explained how Khomeini utilized the revolution to
implement a theocracy in Iran.
Ayatollah Khomeini. 1 Feb. 1979. AP/Wide World Photos. ABC-CLIO World History: The
Modern Era. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
<http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1520224?
terms=Ayatollah+Khomeini>. This photograph of Ayatollah Khomeini shows him being
met my his supporters after his return to Iran. We will use this image on our Timeline, on
"The Revolution" page.
"Ayatollah Khomeini: quote on laws." ABC-CLIO World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO,
2013. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. <http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/344789?
terms=ayatollah%20khomeini&webSiteCode=SLN_HMOD&returnToPage=%2fSearch
%2fDisplay%2f344789%3fterms
%3dayatollah+khomeini&token=40D7D134A435DDAEBEDD315CDC7E7AEF&casErr
or=False>. This database article contained the following quote by Ayatollah Khomeini:
"If laws are needed, Islam has established them all. There is no need... after establishing a
government, to sit down and draw up laws." We used this quote on the "Thesis" page to
emphasize Khomeini's belief in the Islamic Theocracy.
"Ayatollah Khomeini: quote on the 1979 Islamic Revolution." ABC-CLIO World History: The
Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
<http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/337091?terms=Ayatollah+Khomeini>.
We found this important quote in this ABC-CLIO database article. It explains the
struggle of Muslims in the 1979 Revolution and how Islam is the only power that can
perfect Iran. We used this quote to explain Khomeini's strong belief in the potential
universality of Islam.
"Ayatollah Khomeini: speech on the uprising of Khurdad 15 (1979)." ABC-CLIO World History:
The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. <http://worldhistory.abc-
clio.com/Search/Display/354614?terms=Ayatollah+Khomeini>. This speech was given
after the suppression of the Khurdad 15 rebellion against Khomeini and the Revolution. It
lashed out against the protesting Kurds and praised Islam as a way forward.
"Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini." Newsmakers (1989): n. pag. Gale World History In Context.
Web. 2 Jan. 2013. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/home>. This article provided
valuable information on the life of Ayatollah Khomeini. It also provided an overview of
Khomeini's actions during the revolution and his role in its success.
Bakhash, Shaul, et al. Iran's Revolution. Ed. R. K. Ramazani. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1990.
Print. This excellent source gives an in depth look into the days of the revolution. It
provides the reasons for the iranians hatred for the Shah and the events that led up to the
revolution. It also provided insight on Khomeini's rule in the revolution and his role in
the new government afterwards.
Ballistic missile on display in front of Khomeini portrait. N.d. AP/World Wide Photos. ABC-
CLIO World History: The Modern Era. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. <http://worldhistory.abc-
clio.com/Search/Display/1520223?terms=Ayatollah+Khomeini>. We used this image of
a missile on display in front of Khomeini's face on our "Events" page.
Bashi, Golbarg. "Feminist Waves in the Iranian Green Tsunami?" PBS. PBS, 29 June 2009.
Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/06/feminist-waves-in-the-
iranian-green-tsunami.html>. This article provided in depth and incisive analysis of thew
role of women in the Green Movement. We used an image from that site in our section
on the Green Movement. The article hypothesized that women needed to be a part of the
new regime, should the old one fail, so that equal rights are restored.
Bellaigue, Christopher De. "A Crass and Consequential Error." The New York Review of Books.
NYREV, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/aug/16/crass-and-consequential-error/?
pagination=false>. This long and complex article was used for two things, a picture for
our Mosaddeq page and analysis of the long-term effects of the coup. It noted that had
Iran kept Mosaddeq, it would have been an island of stability in the Middle East. The
writer also states that Iran's quest for democracy seems an exercise in futulity, an oft
repeated creed.
Berehulak, Daniel. Egypt Prepares For Run-Off Presidential Election. 14 June 2012. Getty
Images. Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.
<http://quest.eb.com/images/115_3976754?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=morsi&localizeMetaData=false>. This
photograph of graffiti in Cairo depicted the faces of several of Egypt's Presidential
candidates, including Field Marshal Hussein Tantawi, Amr Mussa, and Ahmed Shafiq.
We used this image on our "Rise of Fundamentalism" page.
Birdsall, John. The Shah of Iran : 1959. 1959. PA ARCHIVE IMAGES. Universal Images
Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://quest.eb.com/images/158_2476767?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=shah+of+iran&localizeMetaData=false>. We
used this image of the Shah and the Queen of Iran on the "Events" page of our website.
Bobin, Michael P. "The Iranian Revolution: Islamic Fundamentalism Confronts Modern
Secularism." History Behind the Headlines: The Origins of Conflicts Worldwide. By
Meghan Appel O'Meara. Ed. Nancy Matsuzak and Sonia G. Benson. Vol. 2. Detroit:
Gale, 2001. 132-40. Gale World History in Context. Web. 15 Nov. 2012.
<http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?
failOverType=&query=&prodId=WHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod
e=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=fals
e&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activ
ityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE
%7CCX3410600063&userGroupName=san66643&jsid=adef9b61a45491b93a570fbcc0b
05a7c>. This article did not primarily focus on the actual events of the revolution, but
instead focused on the precedent for the revolution. It also hypothesized as to the future
of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The analysis in the article will be useful for providing
historical context in our thesis and on or website.
Brinton, Crane. The Anatomy of Revolution. 3rd ed. 1938. New York: Vintage Books, 1965.
Print. This book compares the similarity of major revolutions in history, and is
considered the seminal work on the currents of revolution. We used this book to parallel
the Iranian revolution to other major revolutions. It also proved how Iran is a classic
turning point in history.
"British Evacuate." Freer Sackler. The Smithsonian's Museums of Asian Art, 2012. Web. 23 Jan.
2013. <http://www.asia.si.edu/research/articles/images/documenting/Figure-4_British-
Evacuate.jpg>. We used this image on a slideshow on the "Coup" page to show the
events from the British point of view.
Byrne, Malcolm, ed. "20 Years after the Hostages: Declassified Documents on Iran and the
United States." gwu.edu. George Washington University, 5 Nov. 1999. Web. 13 Feb.
2013. <http://www.gwu.edu/%7Ensarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB21/index.html>. We used
these documents from the website and an excellent quote on our "Operation Ajax" page.
Chauvel, Patrick. Khomeini's Long Shadow: 30 Years After the Iran Hostage Crisis Read more:
http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1878162,00.html#ixzz2KYVKc5Dk.
2009. Sygma. Corbis. Time. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1878162,00.html>. We used these
images of Khomeini throughout our website. We used these images on the "Ayatollah
Khomeini" page and the thesis page.
Clement Atlee (1883-1967) British Labour statesman: Deputy prime minister in wartime cabinet
under Churchill (1842-1945): prime minister 1945-1951. Member of Parliamnet for
Limehouse. N.d. Universal History Archive. Universal Images Group. Britannica Image
Quest. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://quest.eb.com/images/300_2283425?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=atlee&localizeMetaData=false>. We used this
picture of British Prime Minister Clement Atlee on our "Reasons for Iran's Coup: A
Ticking Time Bomb" page.
Coughlin, Con. Khoimeini's Ghost. New York: HarperCollins, 2009. Print. This book is a
complete autobiography of Ayatollah Khomeini, starting with his childhood and ending
with his death. The book continued into how his legacy affects Iran, and a lengthy
discussion of the terror groups founded on the ideals of Khomeini's Islamic constitution.
Daniel, Clifton. "Red Threat in Iran Held Exaggerated." The New York Times [New York] 25
Jan. 1953: n. pag. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://search.proquest.com/docview/112577742/pageviewPDF/13BD03802894F8FAD0
/2?accountid=84567>. We used this picture of a New York Times article from 1953 on
our "Reasons for the Coup: A Ticking Time Bomb" page. It illustrated the U.S.
Government's overreaction to the Tudeh in Iran.
Darity, William A. "Iran-Iraq War." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Detroit:
Macmillan Reference, 2008. N. pag. Print. This source provided background information
on Iran and Iraq's troubled relationship. It also gave information on the events that led up
to the war and a brief overview of the war. It also explained America's role in the war.
Eisenhower. July 1942. Fox Photos. Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 10
Feb. 2013. <http://quest.eb.com/images/115_881287?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=eisenhower&localizeMetaData=false>. We used
this photgraph on our "Reasons for Iran's Coup: A Ticking Time Bomb" page.
Elm, Mostafa. Oil, Power, and Principle: Iran's Oil Nationalization and Its Aftermath. Syracuse:
Syracuse UP, 1992. Print. This book contains valuable information regarding the impact
of the nationalization of Iran's oil. It provides specific changes that resulted from the
nationalization and was invaluable to our "Reasons for Iran's Coup: A Ticking Time
Bomb" page.
Fathi, Nazila. "Wipe Israel 'off the map' Iranian says." New York Times 27 Oct. 2005: n. pag.
Print. This article regarding Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was used for a quote on our
fundamentalism page regarding Islamic views of Israel. "Anybody who recognizes Israel
will burn in the fire of the Islamic nation's fury,"..."[Any Islamic leader who] recognizes
the Zionist regime means he is acknowledging the surrender and defeat of the Islamic
world.
Filiu, Jean-Pierre. Best of Enemies: A History of US and Middle East Relations. Illus. David B.
Ed. Lizzie Kaye. Paris: Futuropolis, 2011. Print. Though this book was in fact a graphic
novel, it managed to convey tremendous detail regarding the 1953 coup d'etat and the
complex reasons behind it. Understanding the reasons behind this coup is critical to
understanding the anger at the Shah when he was supported by the US. It gave great
descriptions of tactics used by the US and was vital to provide context on our "Operation
Ajax and Mohammed Mosaddeq" pages.
"Hamas Holds Rally in Gaza." Britannica ImageQuest. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2013. Web. 19
Feb. 2013. <http://quest.eb.com/images/115_2720531?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=hamas&localizeMetaData=false>. This image
was used on our page on Fundamentalism.
Hezbollah Procession. 7 May 1998. AP/Wide World Photos. ABC-CLIO World History: The
Modern Era. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.
<http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1520221?terms=hezbollah>. Depicting
the Hezbollah shouting slogans and marching, this image will go on our page of Islamic
Fundamentalism.
Hill, Charles. "The Year That Changed the World." Hoover Institution. Stanford University, 21
May 2011. Web. 2 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/79921>. This article mainly
discussed the rise of Islamist governments and the decrease of democracy in the Middle
East since 1979. It was very helpful, as one of the aims was to prove that 1979 and the
Iranian Revolution was a true turning point in the history of international terror.
Hillstrom, Laurie Collier, and Julie Carnagie. "Saddam Hussein's Rise to Power." War in the
Persian Gulf Reference Library. Detroit: Gale, 2004. N. pag. Print. This article provided
me with information on Saddam Hussein's early life and rise to power. Saddam's rise to
leadership was driven by violence and betrayal. It also gives information on is rule in the
Iran-Iraq War and his rule in starting the Persian Gulf War.
Hooglund, Eric. Twenty Years of Islamic Revolution. Syracuse: Syracuse UP, 2002. Print. This
book gave insights into economic, political, and social aspects of contemporary Iran. The
information therein went on our "Revolution" page and our "Iran Today" page.
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ImagesDetailsPage/ImagesDetailsWindow?
total=8&query=BS+iranian+revolution&prodId=WHIC&windowstate=normal&mode=
view&limiter=AC+y&displayGroupName=Images&currPage=4&sortBy=relevance
%2Cdescending&action=e&catId=&view=docDisplay&documentId=GALE
%7CPC3403587131During the Iranian Revolution of 1978–1979, mass demonstrations
rather than a concerted military effort brought the end of the rule of monarch Reza Shah
Pahlavi. Here, with posters of the Ayatollah Khomeini (who replaced the shah after the
Revolution), the Iranian army shows its solidarity with street protesters. N.d.
Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Gale, Detroit. Gale World History in
Context. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
<http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ImagesDetailsPage/ImagesDetailsWindow?
total=8&query=BS+iranian+revolution&prodId=WHIC&windowstate=normal&mode=vi
ew&limiter=AC+y&displayGroupName=Images&currPage=4&sortBy=relevance
%2Cdescending&action=e&catId=&view=docDisplay&documentId=GALE
%7CPC3403587131>. We used this image of Iranian soldiers protesting among ordinary
citizens on our "Thesis" page.
"In pictures: Iran air crash funerals." BBC News. BBC, 5 Apr. 2011. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/4510562.stm>. We used this slideshow of
modern photos in Iran for a photo of the Majlis, Iran's Parliament building. We used this
photo on our "Turning Tables: Starting the Revolution" page.
Iran and the West. Prod. Norma Percy. BBC. 7 Feb. 2009. Top Documentary Films. Web. 10
Feb. 2013. <http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/iran-and-the-west/>. This documentary was
a fascinating look in the the before factors and the after repercussions of the revolution. It
discussed each major player and thier roles. Clips of this documentary will be used on
our "Reasons for Iran's Coup: A Ticking Time Bomb and our Operation Ajax" page.
Iranian protestors burn U.S. flag during hostage crisis. 5 Nov. 1979. AP/World Wide Photos.
ABC-CLIO World History: The Modern Era. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.
<http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1675628?terms=hostage+crisis>. We
used this image of protestors burning the American flag on our "Events" page.
"Iranians show support for Mohammad Mosaddeq." ABC-CLIO World History: The Modern
Era. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
<http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1191697?terms=mosaddeq>. We used
this image of Iranians holding a poster of Mohammad Mosaddeq on our "Mohammad
Mosaddeq" page.
"Iran–Iraq War." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William A. Darity, Jr.
Vol. 4. Detroit: Macmillan Reference, 2008. Gale World History In Context. Web. 2 Jan.
2013. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/home>. This article provided our group with
information on the Iran-Iraq War. It gave a detailed view into the origins of the war and
its outcome. We used this information on our page regarding the Iran-Iraq War.
Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei Releases A Statement On The Persian New Year. 20
Mar. 2012. UPI Photo Collection. Gale Global Issues in Context. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://find.galegroup.com/gic/retrieve.do?
sgHitCountType=None&sort=DateDescend&tabID=T007&prodId=GIC&resultListType
=RESULT_LIST&searchId=R4&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=7&qr
ySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28KE%2CNone
%2C12%29ali+khamenei
%24&userGroupName=san66643&inPS=true&docId=CT4099959696&contentSet=GRE
F&>. We used this image of Iran's leader Ayatollah Khamenei on our "Impact: Iran
Today" page.
"Iran Through the Looking Glass: History, Reform, and Revolution." Choices. Brown
University, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.choices.edu/resources/scholars_iran.php>. This superior source provided
excellent material for our website. It provided excellent primary source quotes that
allowed us to better understand the events and the mood of the Iranian Revolution and the
changes they brought about. It also provided invaluable information about the revolution
and that changes that have taken placed that we used to help create our website.
"Islamic Revolution, a turning point in history." Ahlul Bayt News Agency. Ahlul Bayt News
Agency, 11 Feb. 2011. Web. 2 Nov. 2012. <http://www.abna.ir/data.asp?
lang=3&id=225556>. This site gave us an Iranian perspective on the importance of the
Iranian Revolution.
Jabbari, Fereshteh. Personal interview. 2013. Our interview with Ms. Jabbari gave us the
perspective of an Iranian against the Revolution. She was a Baha'i, and felt that the
values of education, equality, and progress were being degraded by the Ayatollah. She
helped us gain another valuable perspective. Unfortunately, we were unable to obtain a
transcript for this interview because we lost the audio recording to a software glitch.
"Jihad." Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. 2nd ed. Vol. 7. Detroit: Macmillan
Reference, 2005. N. pag. Gale World History in Context. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.
<http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?
failOverType=&query=&prodId=WHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod
e=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=fals
e&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activ
ityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE|CX3424501621>. This article was used in
providing context on the Fundamentalism page, so readers would understand the concept
of jihad.
Keddie, Nikki R., and Yann Richard. Modern Iran Roots and Results of Revolution. New Haven:
Yale University Press, 2006. Print. This book looked into the causes of the Iranian
Revolution and the changes to Iran that have resulted because of the Revolution.
Keystone. Mohammed Mosaddeq. 1952. Hulton Archive Editorial. Universal Images Group.
Britannica Image Quest. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://quest.eb.com/images/115_2250216?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=mosaddeq&localizeMetaData=false>. We used
this image of Mohammed Mosaddeq on our "Mohammed Mosaddeq" page.
Khalaji, Mehdi. "Who's Really Running Iran's Green Movement." Foreign Policy. FP Group, 4
Nov. 2009. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/04/whos_really_running_irans_green_m
ovement>. This site gave valuable information on Iran's Green Movement that we used
on our "Impact: Iran Today" page.
Khomeini, Ruhollah. Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist. Trans. Hamid Algar.
London: Alhoda UK, 2002. Print. This book by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini was
written to argue that the government of Iran should be run in accordance with traditional
Islamic sharia and instructions how the new government should be ruled.
Kinzer, Stephen. All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle Eastern
Terror. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons, 2003. Print. This book is an account of the
Mosaddeq regime and the coup to topple him. The first part of the book discussed the
plots conceived by the British and Americans, and the latter half discusses the impact of
this blatant act of imperialism and eurocentric colonialism. It even discusses the
repercussions that the anti-American sentiment has today.
A Lebanese Hezbollah supporter holds a portrait of the movement's chief Hassan Nasrallah
during a ceremony commemorating the second assassination anniversary of Hezbollah
commander Imad Mughnieh, who was killed in a car bombing in the Syrian capital
Damascus two years ago, at Beirut's southern suburb on February 16, 2010. Hezbollah
chief Hassan Nasrallah vowed that his militant party would bomb Israel's infrastructure,
including its airports and refineries, if the Jewish state attacks Lebanon. 16 Feb. 2010.
Getty Images. Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
<http://quest.eb.com/images/115_2758207?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=hezbollah&localizeMetaData=false>. We used
this image of the Hezbollah supporter on "The Rise of Fundamentalism" page.
Lesch, David W. 1979: The Year that Shaped the Modern Middle East. Boulder: Westview
Press, 2001. Print. This excellent book looks at all the events in 1979 that helped to shape
the modern day Middle East. It contains excellent information on the relevance of the
Iranian Revolution.
Macdiarmid, Peter. Demonstrators Return To Tahrir Square. 27 May 2011. Getty Images.
Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://quest.eb.com/images/115_3860881?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=tahrir+square&localizeMetaData=false>. We
used this image of the Egyptian Revolution on our "Impact: Iran Today" page.
Major Iranian Oilfield. Map. CIA, 1978. University of Texas. University of Texas, Austin.
University of Texas Library. Web. 14 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/iran_major_oilfields78.jpg>. We
used this image of Iran's oil fields on our "Reason's for Iran's Coup: A Ticking Time
Bomb" page.
Markus, Andrew. "Little choice for a defiant Israel." theage.com.au. Fairfax Media, 2006. Web.
23 Jan. 2013. <http://web.archive.org/web/20070311000828/http://www.theage.com.au/
text/articles/2006/07/14/1152637865649.html>.
Milani, Abbas. The Myth of the Great Satan. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 2010. Print. We
read this book to prepare interview questions for Abbas Milani.
- - -. Personal interview. 2013. Abbas Milani is the Hamid & Christina Moghadam Director of
Iranian Studies at Stanford University and a Professor in Division of International,
Comparative, and Area Studies. He was a political prisoner during the Revolution but
was let out. He was gracious enough to grant us an interview, where he talked on the
impact of the Ayatollah and the nature of the Revolution. He made it clear that most
people were not demonstrating for theocracy but against the Shah.
Milani, Mohsen M. The Making of Iran's Islamic Revolution From Monarchy to Islamic
Republic. San Fransico: Westview Press, 1994. Print. This excellent book looks into the
causes and consequences of the Iranian Revolution. It provides excellent information that
was invaluable to our website.
"Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1919–1980) ruled as king of Iran from 1941 to 1979. He
implemented the 'White Revolution' in 1963, the most important aspect of which was the
redistribution of half of the privately owned agricultural land to the peasants who share-
cropped it. He ruled as a royal dictator until 1979, when the monarchy was overthrown in
a popular revolution led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini." Gale World History in
Context. Gale, 2004. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
<http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ImagesDetailsPage/ImagesDetailsWindow?
total=10&query=BS+Shah+Pahlavi&prodId=WHIC&windowstate=normal&mode=view
&limiter=AC+y&displayGroupName=Images&currPage=7&sortBy=relevance
%2Cdescending&action=e&catId=&view=docDisplay&documentId=GALE
%7CPC3424687425&>.
Moin, Baqer. Khomeini Life of The Ayatollah. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2009. Print.
This brilliantly written biography gives insight into the life of Ayatollah Khomeini.
Moore, John. "The Evolution of Islamic Terrorism." Frontline. WGBH Educational Foundation,
2012. Web. 2 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/about-us/copyright/>. This Frontline article
was one of many discussing the rise of terror groups in the Middle East following the
Iranian Revolution. It will be useful on our page discussing middle east terror.
Mossadegh in New York 1951. 8 Oct. 1951. akg-images. Universal Images Group. Britannica
Image Quest. Web. 14 Feb. 2013. <http://quest.eb.com/images/109_105611?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=mossadegh&localizeMetaData=false>. This
photo of Mohammad Mosaddeq in New York City was used on our "Events" page.
Mossadeq 1951 Man of Year, from Time 1952. Mohammad Mosaddegh (19 May 1882 - 5 March
1967) Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953 when he was overthrown in a coup
d'etat backed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency. N.d. Universal Images
Group. Universal History Archive. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://quest.eb.com/images/300_2283657?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=mohammad+mosaddegh&localizeMetaData=fals
e>. This image will be used on our page discussing the life and impact of Mohammed
Mosadeqq.
Movie poster for Argo. Mother Jones Magazine. Mother Jones and the Foundation for National
Progress, 2013. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2012/10/film-review-argo-ben-affleck-iran-
hostage-crisis-cia-plots>. This image was used on our hostage crisis page, showing the
CIA's attempts to rescue the hostages without setting Iran off.
Oil Drilling In Iran. 1950. Pictorial Parade Archive Photos. Universal Images Group. Britannica
Image Quest. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://quest.eb.com/images/115_3917627?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=anglo-
iranian+oil+company&localizeMetaData=false>. We used this image of Iranian oil
drillers on our "Reasons for Iran's Coup: A Ticking Time Bomb" page.
Panah, Maryam. The Islamic Republic and the World: Global Dimensions of the Iranian
Revolution. Ann Arbor: Pluto Press, n.d. Print. This book provides an in depth look at
that changes that have occurred due to the Iranian Revolution.
Parks, Cara. "Once Upon a Time in Tehran." Foreign Policy. FP Group, 15 Feb. 2012. Web. 10
Feb. 2013.
<http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/15/once_upon_a_time_in_tehran>. We
used this image on our "Turning Tables: Starting the Revolution" page.
Philpott, Hugo. Islamic Protesters call for a religious Jihad agai. 21 Sept. 2001. Getty Images.
Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.
<http://quest.eb.com/images/115_2755937?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=jihad&localizeMetaData=false>. This
photograph depicts protestors in London calling for Jihad against George Bush and Tony
Blair after these leaders considered war in the Middle East. We used this image on our
"Rise of Fundamentalism" page.
Platt, Spencer. Activists Protest Yemeni And Syrian Government Violence Against Civilians. 27
May 2011. Photograph. Getty Images. Universal Images Group. We used this image of
protestors on our "Impact: Iran Today" page.
- - -. Activists Protest Yemeni And Syrian Government Violence Against Civilians. 27 May 2011.
Photograph. Getty Images. Universal Images Group. We used this image of protestors on
our "Impact: Iran Today" page.
- - -. Activists Representing The Mideast And Arab African Countries Demonstrate Outside UN.
20 Sept. 2011. Getty Images. Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 10
Feb. 2013. <http://quest.eb.com/images/115_3892764?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=arab+spring&localizeMetaData=false>. We used
this image of protestors on our "Impact: Iran Today" page.
Rabinovich, Itamar, and Jehuda Reinharz, eds. Israel in the Middle East: Documents and
Readings on Society, Politics, and Foreign Relations, Pre-1948 to the Present. Waltham:
Brandeis University Press, 2007. Print. This book gave information regarding the events
of 1979 and there importance in the changing of Iran.
Raffi, Mike. Personal interview. 2013. This interview with Mike Raffi who was living in Iran
when the Revolution took place gave us a child's view of the Revolution. He recounted
everything he remembered from when the Revolution first began to after the Ayatollah
took control. He gave us the perspective of a wealthier Iranian and how their lives
changed after the Revolution took place.
Rahimi, Babak. Personal interview. Jan. 2013. This interview with a professor of Iranian
literature at UCSD was an extremely helpful discussion of the after-effects and reasons
surrounding the Iranian revolution. Dr. Rahimi made some very interesting points on the
nature of turning points, and gave us some new material for us to read.
Rauh, Elizabeth. "The Graphics of Revolution and War: Iranian Poster Arts." University of
Chicago Library. University of Chicago, 2013. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/webexhibits/iranianposters/>. This website provided us
with excellent propaganda posters to use on our website.
"Reagan Takes Oath as 40th President; Promises an 'Era of National Renewal' Minutes Later, 52
U.S. Hostages in Iran Fly to Freedom after 444 Day Ordeal." New York Times [New
York] 21 Jan. 1981: n. pag. Print. This article gave us an excellent quote to use on our
slide on our timeline regarding the release of the hostages.
Reiland, Ralph R. "Washington's wise advice." Pittsburgh Tribune. Trib Total Media, Inc., 30
July 2007. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/columnists/reiland/s_519545.html#axzz2Iw
LF11E2>. This opinion column from the Pittsburgh Tribune provided primary source
quotes and secondary source information regarding the 1953 Coup in Iran. We used this
information on our "Reasons for Iran's Coup: A Ticking Time Bomb" page.
Rubin, Michael. "Think Khomeini When Brotherhood Talks." Commentary 29 Aug. 2012: n.
pag. Commentary. Web. 2 Jan. 2013. <http://www.commentarymagazine.com>. This
article from Commentary magazine presented a number of quotes from Ayatollah
Khomeini and a connection between the Iranian Revolution and the Arab Spring. We
used these quotes on numerous pages across our site, and will use the points in the
Connection section in our conclusion.
Saeedi, Majid. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Press Conference To Celebrate Re-Election.
14 June 2009. Getty Images. Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 10
Feb. 2013. <http://quest.eb.com/images/115_2226199?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=Mahmoud+Ahmadinejad&localizeMetaData=fal
se>. We used this image on our "Impact: Iran Today" page.
Sahimi, Muhammad. "Martyrs of the Green Movement." PBS. PBS, 19 June 2010. Web. 10 Feb.
2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2010/06/martyrs-of-the-
green-movement.html>. This webpage from PBS Frontline listed the "martyrs" of the
Green Movement. We used the webpage for a picture of a Green Movement protester on
our "Impact: Iran Today" page.
Saikal, Amin. The Rise and Fall of the Shah. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980. Print.
This excellent book looks into Reza Shah Pahlavi's rule of Iran and the reasons why he
was overthrown.
Satrapi, Marjane. The Complete Persepolis. Illus. Marjane Satrapi. N.p.: Pantheon, 2004. Print.
Persepolis. This book was also a graphic novel, providing a firsthand account of the
Iranian Revolution from the viewpoint of a young woman. It provided explicit
descriptions of the cruelty of the Iranian regime, not only the SAVAK but the Ayatollah's
guards. We will use Persepolis to provide context and the viewpoint of Iranians on many
pages in our site.
"Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi." ABC-CLIO World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO,
2012. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. <http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/>. This database article
gave biographical information of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and details on his rule
of Iran.
"Shah of Persia." Britannica Image Quest. Britannica, 2013. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.
<http://quest.eb.com/images/115_865686?
subjectId=0&collectionId=0&keyword=anglo+iranian&localizeMetaData=false>.
Showing Shah Reza Phalvi addressing the senate regarding oil, this image went on our
Turning Tables: Starting the Revolution page.
"Timeline: A Modern History of Iran." PBS. PBS, 11 Feb. 2010. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/middle_east/jan-june10/timeline.html>. This
webpage gave a brief timeline of events during the Iranian Revolution. It gave
descriptions of important events before, during, and after the Revolution.
"Tudeh Party." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. Ed. Philip Mattar.
2nd ed. Vol. 4. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. N. pag. Gale World History
in Context. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
<http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?
failOverType=&query=&prodId=WHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod
e=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=fals
e&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activ
ityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3424602727>. This Gale Database
article gave vital information on the history of the Tudeh Party, Iran's main Communist
Party. It is essential for our team to understand the history of the most organized political
party in Iran because the group came into play during both the Coup of 1953 and the
Revolution of 1979. The Party influenced international opinion on Iran and influenced
policy decisions within the country. We used this information on Reasons for the Coup,
Reasons for the Revolution, and throughout many pages on our website.
"U.S. General Denies Backing Iran Uprising." Los Angeles Times [Los Angeles] 20 Aug. 1953:
n. pag. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
<http://search.proquest.com/docview/166461058/13BD038538D5A8B671D/2?
accountid=84567>. This article focused on a general's denial of his involvement in the
1953 coup overthrowing Mosadeqq. It will be used on our Operation Ajax page.
Vlatko. "Declassified: Ayatollah Khomeini." Top Documentary Films. Ed. Vlatko. N.p., n.d.
Web. 13 Feb. 2013. <http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/>. This excellent site provided our
group with details on the life of Khomeini and his role during the revolution. It gave us
valuable information on Khomeini's arrest and how it sparked protests throughout Iran.
Wells, Tim. 444 Days: The Hostages Remember. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985.
Print. This eye opening account of the Iranian Hostage Crisis, written by Tim Wells, uses
first person interviews of the American hostages to tell the harrowing story. When
analyzing any historical event, one must consider all sides. Most Americans only got the
perspective of the American or British media, but Wells weaves in first person accounts
of the crisis from the points of view of the hostages. This book provided our team with
this unique perspective in order to better understand the hostage crisis.
Zahrani, Mostafa T. "The coup that changed the Middle East: Mossadeq v. the CIA in
retrospect." World Policy Journal. Detroit: Gale, 2002. N. pag. Gale World History in
Context. Web. 14 Dec. 2012.
<http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/AcademicJournalsDetailsPage/AcademicJournalsDetail
sWindow?
failOverType=&query=&prodId=WHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod
e=view&displayGroupName=Journals&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false
&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activi
tyType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CA90534864>. The database article, entitled
"The coup that changed the Middle East: Mossadeq v. the CIA in retrospect" gave insight
into the historical context and impact of the 1953 coup. It explained the Communist
threat and inside information the CIA had going into Operation Ajax. The article also
provided the perspectives of the British, American, and Iranian governments. The
aftermath of the coup was also explained, up to the 1979 Revolution, Iran-Iraq War, and
the Soviet War in Afghanistan. We used this information on the "Reasons for the Coup"
and "Operation Ajax" pages.