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BiBi--National Planning GroupNational Planning Group

Final ReportFinal Report::

A Continental Approach to A Continental Approach to Defence and Security Defence and Security

This Briefing is UNCLASSIFIED

Major Alan Fitzgerald, CFDr. Biff Baker

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Aim

• To provide the BPG Final Report findings which led to our recommendations for a Combined Vision and a Comprehensive Defence and Security Agreement.

Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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Continental Defense and Security

Currently No Overarching Vision

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Outline

• Importance of CANUS Defence & Security Relationship

• The BPG• Changing CANUS Environment• Final Report – Key Recommendations

• Coordinating Mechanisms • Combined Plans• Combined Exercises • Information Sharing • Communications Architecture• Continental Defence & Security• Future Relationships

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Continental Defense and Security

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Importance of CANUS Defence & Security Relationship

Why be concerned?

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Threat Environment

From:

A strategic, nuclear (symmetric) threat consisting of bombers, ICBMs, and air or sea launched cruise missiles.

To:

Asymmetric (immediate) and symmetric (continuous) threat focused across all domains and borders.

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Economic Interdependence

G O O D S

E N E R G Y

P E O P L E

N A T I O N A L

B I – N A T I O N A L

N A T I O N A L

$1.2 to $1.8 billion(USD) per day;

37,000 Trucks per day

Canada to USA:99% of crude oil, 99% of natural gas, and 100% of uranium annual exports

200 millionpeople movements

per year

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North American Electric Grid

Blackout - 14 Aug 2003 power failure affected 50 million people in easternCanada and the United States

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$0$50

$100$150$200$250$300$350$400$450$500

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

U.S. Exports to Canada U.S. Imports from Canada (billion USD)

TerroristAttacksNAFTA

Canada-U.S. Trade

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The BPG

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• Signed by U.S. Secretary of State and Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs in Dec 2002• Extended to 12 May 2006

• Affirms merit of broadening bi-national defence arrangements to:• Prevent or mitigate threats or attacks by terrorists or others;• Ensure cooperative, well-coordinated response to national

requests for military assistance in relation to terrorist or other threats or attacks, natural disasters and other major emergencies in Canada or the U.S.

Created Bi-National Planning Group

Enhanced Military Cooperation Agreement

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Foci

• Find opportunities for improvement • Facilitate enhanced military cooperation• Examine areas from strategic to tactical levels• Emphasis on information sharing• Staff concepts with key stakeholders for input

• Attempt to reach consensus• Communication is the key

• Present concepts to decision makers• Identify the best relationship(s) possible

Find Opportunities for Improvement, Staff Them & Present Options

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Changing CANUS Environment

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N O R A D

PSEPC

P S E P C

P S E P C

D H S

D H S

Changing CANUS Environment

• Pre 9/11: PJBD, MCC, NORAD• Shift in Defence and Security environment since 9/11• Response: New organizations

• Military – BPG, Canada COM, USNORTHCOM • Civilian – PSEPC, DHS

Unity of Effort - Critical

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Final ReportKey Recommendations

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Coordinating Mechanisms

• Legacy Agreements• Ogdensburg Declaration• North Atlantic Treaty • NORAD Agreement

• NORAD, Canada Command and U.S. Northern Command interoperability:• Examine mechanisms• Formalize• Regular Review

Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

Ad Hoc Systematic

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Coordinating Mechanisms

• Legacy Agreements• Ogdensburg Declaration• North Atlantic Treaty • NORAD Agreement

• NORAD, Canada Command and U.S. Northern Command interoperability:• Examine mechanisms• Formalize• Regular Review

Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

Ad Hoc Systematic

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Combined Plans

• Formal Agreement• Areas of responsibility• Goals • Update cycle

• Coordinating Mechanisms or Bodies

• Mission/authority• Planning process• Guidance/concepts Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

Side-By-Side Is Best

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Combined Plans

• Formal Agreement• Areas of responsibility• Goals • Update cycle

• Coordinating Mechanisms or Bodies

• Mission/authority• Planning process• Guidance/concepts Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

MAREASTOP – 1987 LANDOP– 1993

MARWESTOP – 1996BSD – 1999

NORAD CONPLAN – 2002

Combined Defense Plan

Civil Assistance Plan

Basic Defense Document

Side-By-Side Is Best Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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Combined Exercises

• Greater CANUS interoperability• Combined mission essential

tasks• Joint and combined exercises• Interagency involvement• Academic research

encouraged• Leverage training

• All interdependent Trai

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Train Like We Fight

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Combined Exercises

• Greater CANUS interoperability• Combined mission essential

tasks• Joint and combined exercises• Interagency involvement• Academic research

encouraged• Leverage training

• All interdependent

Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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& E

xerc

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Train Like We FightCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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Information Sharing

• New nation-to-nation information sharing agreement• Intergovernmental• Interagency

• Update CANUS Threat Estimates• Networked environment • Real-time collaboration

• Classify at appropriate level• Access to classified networks• Foreign disclosure waiver

Coordinating Mechanisms & AgreementsCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

Change Culture, Build Trust

Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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Information Sharing

• New nation-to-nation information sharing agreement• Intergovernmental• Interagency

• Update CANUS Threat Estimates• Networked environment • Real-time collaboration

• Classify at appropriate level• Access to classified networks• Foreign disclosure waiver

Coordinating Mechanisms & AgreementsCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

DoS

DHS

DoD

Sea

Land

Air

Space

Cyber

FAC

PSEPC

DND

Sea

Land

Air

Space

Cyber

Org

aniz

atio

nsD

omai

ns

LinearDoS

DoD

DHS PSEPC

DND

FAC

Land

Sea

Air

SpaceCyber

Org

aniz

atio

nsD

omai

ns

Inter-Relational

Change Culture, Build TrustCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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Communications Architecture

• Near Term• Leverage GRIFFIN • Combined Capability - Needs

Definition• Net Centric Operations

• Long Term• Government to government

circuitCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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Interoperability Is Critical

Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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Communications Architecture

• Near Term• Leverage GRIFFIN • Combined Capability - Needs

Definition• Net Centric Operations

• Long Term• Government to government

circuitCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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Interoperability Is CriticalCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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Continental Defence & Security

• Combined Vision

• Comprehensive Agreement

• Broaden PJBD Focus to include Defence & Security

• Refocused MCC TOR

• Small Advisory Organization

Trai

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xerc

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Inter-Governmental & Inter-Agency

Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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Continental Defense and Security

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Continental Defence & Security

• Combined Vision

• Comprehensive Agreement

• Broaden PJBD Focus to include Defence & Security

• Refocused MCC TOR

• Small Advisory Organization

C4

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hite

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xerc

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Inter-Governmental & Inter-AgencyCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements

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Continental Defense and Security

CommanderNORAD

Prime MinisterMinister of Foreign Affairs

Minister of Defence(Minister of PSEPC)

Chief of Defence StaffStrategic Joint Staff

CommanderCanada Command

PresidentSecretary of State

Secretary of Defense(Secretary of HLS)

Chairman JCSThe Joint Staff

CommanderUS Northern Command

UNITED STATESCANADA

PJBD

MCC

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Future Relationships

CANUS Defence & Security Linked

NORAD

Information Sharing

Info

Sha

ring

PSEPC

PSEPC

PSEPC

Info

Sha

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Information Sharing

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Discussion

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BPG Final Report available at:• www.usembassycanada.gov• www.canadianally.com/ca/bpg• www.HSDEC.org

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Backup Slides

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Concept One Concept Two

Concept Three Concept Four

Four Concepts

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CONCEPT 1: THREE COMMANDS –COMPLEMENTARY MISSIONS

NORAD

CJTF (for Non-NORAD Bi-National Missions))

CANADACOMMAND

U.S. NORTHERNCOMMAND

PSEPCDHS

Missions clearly defined and delineated between all three commands

Info sharing

Coordination

Info sharing

Coordination

Bi- Lateral

Uni-Lateral Uni-Lateral

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CONCEPT 2 - SINGLE COMMAND FOR CONTINENTAL DEFENSE

Bi-National Bi-National North American Defense Command

Uni-Lateral Uni-LateralCANADA

COMMANDU.S. NORTHERN

COMMAND

DHS

North American Defense Command is responsible for all bi-national Defense issues.National commands conduct unilateral missions

Info sharing

Coordination

Info sharing

Coordination

PSEPC

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CONCEPT 3 – PARALLEL COMMANDS WITHSTANDING COMBINED JOINT TASK FORCE

Combined Joint

Task Force

Uni-Lateral Uni-LateralCANADA

COMMANDU.S. NORTHERN

COMMAND

PSEPCDHS

CJTF performs bi-national missions as assigned by USNORTHCOM and Canada COM

Info sharing

Coordination

Info sharing

Coordination

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CONCEPT 4 - CONTINENTAL JOINT INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE

Bi-National Bi-National

Bi-National Bi-National Continental

Joint Interagency Task Force

Uni-Lateral Uni-LateralCANADA

COMMANDU.S. NORTHERN

COMMAND

DHS

Integration of Defense and Security

CoordinationCoordination

PSEPC