Upload
yogesh-devmore
View
223
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
1/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 11
Information Systems
Why Do People Need Information?
Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment
Businesses - Decision making, problem solving
and control
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
2/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 22
Data, Information,
and Systems Data vs. Information
Data
A given, or fact; a number, a statement, or apicture
Represents something in the real world
The raw materials in the production of information
Information
Data that have meaning within a context
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
3/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 33
Data, Information,and Systems
Data Manipulation
Example: customer survey
Reading through data collected from a customersurvey with questions in various categories would betime-consuming and not very helpful.
When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful
information.
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
4/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 44
Data, Information,
and Systems Generating Information Computer-based ISs take data as raw
material, process it, and produceinformation as output.
Figure 1.1 Input-process-output
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
5/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 55Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information
Data, Information,and Systems
Information in Context
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
6/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 66
Data, Information,and Systems
What Is a System?
System: A set of components that worktogether to achieve a common goal
Subsystem: One part of a system wherethe products of more than one system
are combined to reach an ultimate goal
Closed system: Stand-alone system thathas no contact with other systems
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
7/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 77
Data, Information,and Systems
Figure 1.3 Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
8/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 88
Data, Information,and Systems
Information and Managers
Systems thinking
Creates a framework for problem solving and decisionmaking.
Keeps managers focused on overall goals andoperations of business.
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
9/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 99
Data, Information,and Systems
Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
10/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 1010
Data, Information,and Systems
The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy
Synergy
When combined resources produce output thatexceeds the sum of the outputs of the sameresources employed separately
Allows human thought to be translated intoefficient processing of large amounts of data
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
11/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 1111
Data, Information,and Systems
Figure 1.6 Components of an information system
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
12/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 1212
Data, Information,and Systems
The Four Stages of Data Processing
Input: Data is collected and entered intocomputer.
Data processing: Data is manipulatedinto information using mathematical,statistical, and other tools.
Output: Information is displayed or
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
13/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 1313
Why Study IS?
Information Systems Careers Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning
(ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist,consulting, etc.
Knowledge Workers Managers and non-managers
Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how
to use information technology.
Computer Literacy ReplacingTraditional Literacy
Key to full participation in western
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
14/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 1414
Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side
Consumer Privacy
Organizations collect (and sometimes sell)huge amounts of data on individuals.
Employee Privacy
IT supports remote monitoring of employees,
violating privacy and creating stress.
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
15/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 1515
Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side
Freedom of Speech IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech,
intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; preventionmay abridge free speech.
IT Professionalism No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--
unlike other professions.
Social Inequality Less than 20% of the worlds population have ever used a PC;
less than 3% have Internet access.
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
16/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 1616
Information Systems
Why Do People Need Information?
Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment
Businesses - Decision making, problem solving
and control
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
17/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 1717
Data, Information,
and Systems Data vs. Information
Data
A given, or fact; a number, a statement, or apicture
Represents something in the real world
The raw materials in the production of information
Information
Data that have meaning within a context
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
18/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 1818
Data, Information,and Systems
Data Manipulation
Example: customer survey
Reading through data collected from a customersurvey with questions in various categories would betime-consuming and not very helpful.
When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful
information.
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
19/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 1919
Data, Information,
and Systems Generating Information Computer-based ISs take data as raw
material, process it, and produceinformation as output.
Figure 1.1 Input-process-output
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
20/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2020Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information
Data, Information,and Systems
Information in Context
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
21/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2121
Data, Information,and Systems
What Is a System?
System: A set of components that worktogether to achieve a common goal
Subsystem: One part of a system wherethe products of more than one system
are combined to reach an ultimate goal
Closed system: Stand-alone system thathas no contact with other systems
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
22/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2222
Data, Information,and Systems
Figure 1.3 Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
23/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2323
Data, Information,and Systems
Information and Managers
Systems thinking
Creates a framework for problem solving and decisionmaking.
Keeps managers focused on overall goals andoperations of business.
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
24/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2424
Data, Information,and Systems
Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
25/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2525
Data, Information,and Systems
The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy
Synergy
When combined resources produce output thatexceeds the sum of the outputs of the sameresources employed separately
Allows human thought to be translated intoefficient processing of large amounts of data
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
26/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2626
Data, Information,and Systems
Figure 1.6 Components of an information system
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
27/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2727
Data, Information,and Systems
The Four Stages of Data Processing
Input: Data is collected and entered intocomputer.
Data processing: Data is manipulatedinto information using mathematical,statistical, and other tools.
Output: Information is displayed or
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
28/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2828
Why Study IS?
Information Systems Careers Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning
(ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist,consulting, etc.
Knowledge Workers Managers and non-managers
Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how
to use information technology.
Computer Literacy ReplacingTraditional Literacy
Key to full participation in western
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
29/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2929
Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side
Consumer Privacy
Organizations collect (and sometimes sell)huge amounts of data on individuals.
Employee Privacy
IT supports remote monitoring of employees,
violating privacy and creating stress.
7/29/2019 Bharat Mis
30/30
3/8/13 MIS 715 Eaton Fall 3030
Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side
Freedom of Speech IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech,
intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; preventionmay abridge free speech.
IT Professionalism No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--
unlike other professions.
Social Inequality Less than 20% of the worlds population have ever used a PC;
less than 3% have Internet access.