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BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN CONSTRUCTION WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY
KHAIRUL IRWAN BIN KALID
PPSPPA
Ministry of Finance, 2012
Sumeran et al, 2011
Berita Harian Online, 13th January 2014
• Before 1957 – Malaysia is an agricultural country.
• Malaysia began develop its construction industry
since independence.
• Today, the construction industry is one of the most
important industries in the development of Malaysia
economy.
• 2009 - Ninth Malaysia Plan (9MP) - Construction
industry contribute 5.9% in Malaysia GDP
• 2010 - Tenth Malaysia Plan (10MP) projected at slow
pace about 5.2%.
• 2012 - contributes about 15.5% in Malaysia GDP-
Why??
• Generation of construction waste has been
increased due to extensive buildings and
infrastructures development in the pass two decade
(Begum et all,2006).
• Sources of waste - residential, industrial,
commercial, institutional, new construction,
renovation, demolition and others. Most of the waste
produce is sent directly to landfill without going
through proper segregation and recycling process
especially construction wastes.
• Industrial and construction waste composition
28.34% Nasir (2007)
• Due to the increasing amount of waste,
environmental problem has arisen and bring negative
impact to environment (Lau et al, 2008).
CW - COMMON PERCEPTION
“Dirty Business”
Waste Mangement is a
'Waste of Money”!!
Out of My Sight, Out of My Mind concept
How CW being minimized??
...Easy way??
HOW WE HANDLE C&D WASTE??
Open Burning!!
Illegally Dumped!!
Disposed waste into river
Do nothing at all, and let the nature take it course!!
OR??
SUMBER : BERITA HARIAN ; MS 2; 3HB NOV 2011
SUMBER : BERITA HARIAN ; 6HB FEBRUARI 2010
SUMBER : NSTP ; 21 SEPT 2011
SUMBER : UTUSAN ; 21 SEPT 2011
FAKTA KAJIAN
“Lebih 300 longgokan smapah haram dikenalpasti di sekitar Kuala Lumpur. 80% bermula dengan
pembuangan sisa pepejal pembinaan” - Sumber : Bahagian Penguatkuasaan & Kawal Selia ; PPSPPA WPKL
300++ 80%
FAKTA KAJIAN
“Kebanyakan pihak mengambil jalan mudah melupuskan sisa dengan membakar sisa di tapak, membuang sisa ke sungai dan melonggok sisa di tepi - tepi jalan”
Construction Waste
Waste generated by
design activities
Waste generated by
construction activities
Drylining: cutting of plasterboard sheets and metal studs to fit wall
heights and openings
Flooring: cuttings of floor tiles to fit room layouts
Ceilings: cuttings of ceiling tiles and fixings to fit room layouts
Insulation: cutting of insulation boards to fit openings
Tiling: cutting of floor and wall tiles to suit design and room shapes
Paving: cutting of paving slabs to fit layout
Brickwork and blockwork: cuttings of bricks and blocks to suit
building dimensions and building services
Construction Waste
Waste generated by design activities
Inaccurate or surplus ordering of materials that don’t get used
Damage through transportation and handling errors
Damage through inadequate storage
Damage generated by poor co-ordination with other trades
Rework due to low quality of work
Inefficient use of materials
Temporary works materials (e.g. formwork, hoarding etc)
Construction Waste
Waste generated by construction activities
Construction Waste Facts (UK Statistics)
Recent research indicates that about 5-10% of building materials end up as waste on building sites.
2.5 to 4 tons — about 1.5 to 2.5 kg per square foot — of waste is created during the construction of a typical home.
Most construction waste currently goes into landfills, increasing the burden on landfill loading and operation.
(In Malaysia, most construction waste goes into illegal dumping site)
Sumber : DANIDA ; Controlled Solid Waste Estimates Projections and Flow for Malaysia (2000 - 2020)
Construction Waste Facts (UK statistics)
Consists mainly of :
BRICKS
CEMENT
WOOD
REBAR
SAND
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT
To reduce bad impact to the environment
Control waste flow
Increase 3R rate, minimize wastage
Reduce illegal dumping
CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Segregation area
Sell to other contractor
Planning
Sent to recycling
facilities
To landfill
Colllect by recycler
Storage area
Appoint registered waste collector
TO SEPARATE AND STORE WASTE
WHY NEED TO SEGREGATE WASTE?
● To identify quality of waste
● Improve 'housekeeping' at site
● Reduce vectors breeding
??
MOBILE GARBAGE BIN (MGB) AT PROJECT SITE
WHY BOTHER?
An effective effort in minimizing
wastage in construction can:
1. Make significant savings to the client,
contractors and the environment
2. Divert a high percentage of all construction waste materials from the landfill and recycled into new products.
Conventional Project / Construction Structure
Client
Architect / Cons.Engr
Main Contractor
Sub Contractor
Sub Contractor
Financial Benefits to clients and contractors
Clients end up paying for material wastage.
By reducing wastage, a reduced cost for the project can be achieved.
Cost saving may be shared by main contractors, sub contractors and clients
Financial Benefits to sub contractors
Minimized
wastage
=
total saving
or
increased profit.
Drop in
tender
prices
=
Commercially
Competitive
advantage.
Environmental benefits
Reduced
waste
=
less landfill space used
reduced environmental
impacts
Recycled
packaging
and waste
=
reduced demand for virgin
materials
stimulate demand for
recycled materials amongst
product manufacturers
1. DESIGN
Design Changes.
Failure to use standard production item or standard size component
Lack of
design information/delayed instruction
Lack of dimension coordination.
No consideration on Value Management.
CAUSES OF CONSTRUCTION WASTAGE
2. WASTAGE DURING
CONSTRUCTION
Purchasing
Material Transportation and
delivery
Storage problems
Practical waste
Handling and Fixing Waste
Faulty or poor workmanship
Vandalism and Theft
CAUSES OF Cont…..CONSTRUCTION WASTAGE
EXAMPLES OF CAUSES
Causes of Wastage on Site Examples
Lack of a quality management
system aimed at wastage
minimization
e.g. no waste management
plan
Untidy construction sites e.g. waste materials are not
segregated from useful materials
Poor handling e.g. breakage, damage, losses
Over-sized foundations and
other elements
e.g. over design leads to excess
excavation and cut-offs
Inadequate protection to
finished work
e.g. finished concrete staircases
are not protected by boarding Sit
e M
an
agem
ent
an
d P
ract
ices
Causes of Wastage on Site Examples
Limited visibility on site
resulting in damage
e.g. inadequate lighting in covered
storage area
Poor storage e.g. pallet is not used to protect
cement bags from contamination
by ground water
Wrong construction method/
Unskilled personal
e.g. poor workmanship of
Formwork
Waste generation inherited with
traditional construction method
e.g. timber formwork, wet trade
Sit
e M
an
agem
ent
an
d P
ract
ices
EXAMPLES OF CAUSES
Del
iver
y o
f p
rod
uct
s
Causes of Wastage on Site Examples
Over-ordering e.g. over ordering of concrete
becomes waste
Method of packaging e.g. inadequate protection to the
materials
Method of transport e.g. materials drop from forklift
Inadequate data regarding time
and method of delivery
e.g. lack of records concerning
materials delivery
EXAMPLES OF CAUSES
THE IMPORTANCE OF MINIMIZING WASTAGE IN CONSTRUCTION
Wastage will have direct impact on Time, Cost and
Quality of a construction project
TIME
QUALITY COST
WASTAGE
HOW TO EFFECTIVELY MINIMIZE WASTAGE
Attitude toward Minimizing wastage
Design to prevent waste
Use of prefabrication construction method instead of conventional method.
Material procurement and handling
Adapting a Site Waste Management Plan
Who should take action to
reduce construction waste?
A shared responsibility between all parties:
The Client The Designer The Contractor The Sub contractor and Supplier The Workers
Contractors and sub contractors, cannot work in isolation.
Leadership is required from clients.
Design To Prevent Waste
Examples:
Optimize designed dimensions to correspond to standard product dimensions.
Modify framing details to optimize lumber use and reduce waste and costs when ordering.
Order drywall in optimal dimensions to minimize cut-off waste. Drywall is available in different lengths, and designed dimensions should correspond to standard sizes.
Minimize the number of blueprints and reproductions necessary during the design and construction.
Evaluate if salvaging used products is possible.
Trade
Average wastage Level
(in percentage)
Waste
Reduction
% of
Reduction
Conventional
(A)
Prefab
(B)
(C=A-B) C/A %
Concreting 3.78 1.00 2.78 73.51
Rebar Fixing 4.33 1.00 3.33 76.88
Bricklaying 5.50 0.00 5.50 100
Plastering 6.83 0.00 6.83 100
Tiling 7.20 3.00 4.20 58.33
Source : Comparing material wastage level between conventional in-situ and prefabrication construction on 30 construction projects ; Hong Kong Universities
COMPARISON WASTAGE LEVEL OF MAJOR MATERIAL USED ON SITE
BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL & PREFAB CONSTRUCTION
Avoid excessively packaged materials and supplies. Packaging should be adequate to prevent damage and waste.
Minimize waste of vinyl siding, flooring and countertop materials by ordering only the quantity needed in building specific lengths.
Evaluate estimating procedures to make sure that excess material is not delivered to the site.
Purchase To Prevent Waste
A best practice approach to waste reduction
Clients sets
targets for waste
Planning
Main contractor
prepares Site
Waste
Management
Plan
Sub contractor
estimates waste
Quantitative
Estimate
Qualitative
Checklist
Main contractors
and
sub-contractors
review waste and
take action to
minimise and
manage waste
Implementation
Main contractor
requests final waste
information from
sub contractors
Review
Sub contractors
complete waste
information
questionnaires
Main contractor
coordinates data and
feeds back to client
Quantitative
Record
Qualitative
Checklist
Share lessons
learned
Promote
innovation
Raise awareness
Demonstrate
better financial
and
environmental
results
Improvement
1 2 3 4
A Site Waste Management Plan contains the following key features: waste targets as set by
client,
an estimate of the waste to
be generated on site,
actions to reduce waste,
and
actions to avoid waste
going to landfill
Q
Client sets targets for
waste
Planning
Main contractor
prepares Site Waste
Management Plan
Sub contractor
estimates waste
Quantitative
Estimate
Qualitative
Checklist
Best Practices
Appoint a Site Waste Manager responsible to
ensure that appropriate storage conditions are available
keep a record of all materials brought to site
Site Waste Manager to ensure materials are supplied in an appropriate manner, and in the correct quantity
Site Waste Manager monitor costs/volumes of disposal
The Site Waste Manager to determine KPI’s on this basis
Sub contractors appoint a Trade Waste Manager
Main contractors
and
sub-contractors
review waste and
take action to
minimise and
manage waste
Implementation
Reviewing data and providing feedback can have real benefits, such as:
Assess effectiveness of the waste
minimization and management strategy.
Learn what works and doesn’t work in reducing waste
Identify exactly how efficient main contractors and sub contractors were on the project
Main contractors can see which trades contributed what quantity of materials to the waste stream and why – enabling them to prepare better waste estimates in the future
Capture any relevant data for future reference and use.
Q
Main contractor
requests final waste
information from sub
contractors
Review
Sub contractors
complete waste
information
questionnaires
Main contractor
coordinates data and
feeds back to client
Quantitative
Record
Qualitative
Checklist
Share lessons
learned
Promote innovation
Raise awareness
Demonstrate better
financial and
environmental
results
Improvement
Appoint A Site Waste Manager
While all people involved should be encouraged to contribute their
ideas and suggestions on ways to minimize waste, one person (or
the Environmental, Health and Safety Manager) should act as the
Site Waste Manager, responsible for overseeing the management of
construction wastes.
This person will be responsible for managing waste reduction
initiatives and coordinating the activities of other employees.
Key role of a site waste manager ….
Ensure that all relevant legislation and the contractor’s duty of care is complied with.
Initiate waste reduction, reuse and recycling.
Ensure all site personnel know their responsibilities for site waste management.
Co-ordinate waste management on site, gather data about waste on site, keep accurate records on waste movement on and off site.
Ensure that all waste storage areas and containers are properly labelled to show site workers where to deposit specific materials.
Be aware of the construction activities currently taking place on site and the activities planned in the short term.
Conduct a survey of wastes likely to be generated on site and keep a record of them for planning ahead.
Whenever possible, ensure the re-use or recycling of material already on site before it is carted away or new materials are imported.
Obtain a list of potential buyers or collectors of materials to be re-used or recycled.
Encourage all site personnel to use their initiative in coming up with ideas of how to reduce, reuse and recycle wastes.
Inform designers so that waste can be reused and recycled on site or on another site.
Key role of a site waste manager
Managing Subcontractors
• Use a system of allowable waste percentages. In the early
pre-work agreements the site manager decides how much
waste is acceptable, and agrees a percentage with the
subcontractor.
If they waste more than the agreed amount, they can be
charged the extra costs.
This is a great incentive to reduce wastes by efficient use of
materials. The lower the allowable percentage, the more care
people will take with materials.
Setting the right level is crucial.
• Make subcontractors responsible for both purchasing the
raw materials they need, and disposing of any waste
material from their activities. This will give them a direct
financial incentive to use materials efficiently with the
minimum of wastage.
• Make subcontractors aware of wastage and the costs
involved in dealing with wastes.
• Hold regular meetings to discuss wastage on site.
Managing Subcontractors
LATAR BELAKANG PROJEK
Nama Projek : Cadangan Membina Dan Menyiapkan Pusat Rehabilitasi Perkeso, Bandar Teknologi Hijau, Ayer Keroh, Melaka Lokasi : Bandar Teknologi Hijau, di Mukim Durian Tunggal, Alor Gajah, Melaka. Keluasan Tanah : 22.26 hektar Anggaran Kos Pembinaan : RM 238 juta Tempoh Projek : September 2011- September 2013.
Kontraktor Pembinaan : IJM Construction Sdn. Bhd
Sasaran Kadar Kitar Semula : 73.95%
Jenis Sisa Yang Dijana
Bil
Fasa Pembinaan
Jenis Sisa Yang Dijana
1
Fasa 1 : 'Site Preparation'
Land clearing debris
2
Fasa 2 : 'Hacking & Demolition'
Hack RC piles
3
Fasa 3 : 'Foundation & Sub-
Wood, concrete, bricks, scrap irons structure Works'
4
Fasa 4 : 'Super Structure Works'
Concrete, bricks, scrap irons
4
Fasa 5 : 'Finishing Works'
Wood, plaster
Tempat Pemungutan
Tempat Pengasingan
Kerja - kerja mengekstrak besi dari cerucuk konkrit yang patah dan rosak. Kemudian, sisa konkrit di jadikan filling material untuk tambakan tanah lembut di sekitar kawasan tapak bina
Salah satu tempat pengasingan dan pengumpulan sisa kayu. Kawasan
tempat pengasingan di pasangkan tape merah-putih memudahkan kerja - kerja pengasingan sisa dan sebagai langkah keselamatan di tapak
bina.
Penggunaan 'formwork' kayu telah digantikan secara berperingkatdengan penggunaan 'formwork pvc' sebagai langkah untuk mengurangkan janaan sisa kayu di tapak
'Formwork' Kayu Formwork PVC
Perbincangan bersama wakil pihak Kilang Unity Bricks Work Sdn Bhd untuk menyelesaikan masalah pengurusan sisa kayu di tapak
Stock pile
Policy and legislation
Garis Panduan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Pembinaan di Tapak Bina
Peraturan berkaitan sisa pepejal pembinaan dalam tindakan Jabatan Peguam Negara
CONCLUSION
Activities that minimize wastage, such as designing to standard sizes, reusing building materials, not only cut waste and recycling collection costs but also reduces materials' expenses.
Small changes to construction practices and extra attention to detail can add up to significant savings to the client, the contractor and the environment.
Everyone of us here has a role to play in bringing changes to our construction practice. Let us begin.
THINK!!