BENZENE GPS Safety Summary

TAIEX WORKSHOP IN COLLABORATION WITH CEFIC AND ICCA: : GPS RISK ASSESSMENT AND REACH/GHS IMPLEMENTATION IN PRACTICE

TRAIN THE TRAINERSMontenegro, Podgorica , October 27, 28 2011

Dara Skorupan

Substance name: Benzene Trade name: Benzene

Chemical Identity Chemical name (IUPAC): BenzeneCAS number: 71-43-2EC number: 200-753-7Molecular formula: C6H6

GPS Safety Summary - BENZENE

Structure:

Three common print structural representation of benzene rings

It is used as solvent or as raw material for the production of other substances.

Benzene is not sold for direct consumer use, but it is used in various industries for production of goods that we all use everyday: clothing, packaging, paints, adhesives, unbreakable windows, plywood, computer casings, compact discs, dyes, detergents, agrochemicals (insecticides, herbicides, pesticides), pharmaceuticals, tires, rubber, printing industry and many more.

Uses and applications

paints

Shoe

As

sem

bly

Adhe

sives

drugs

tires

detergents

Benzene is a clear, colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet aromatic smell.

Benzene is a chemical that evaporates quickly under normal atmospheric conditions.

Physical/chemical properties

PROPERTY VALUE Form substance

Physical state liquid

Colour colorless Odour characteristic of aromatic compounds

Melting / boiling point 5.49˚C /80.09˚C

Flammability (optional) Flam. Liquid 2 Hazard statement: H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour.)

Explosive properties not explosive

Self-ignition temperature 252°C Vapor pressure 10 kPa at 20 °C and 100 kPa at 79.7˚C

Mol weight 78.11 g/mole

Water solubility The solubility of benzene in water is circa 1.78g/l at 25˚C

Flash point 11˚C

Octanol-water partition coefficient

2.13 (LogKow)

Human Health Safety Assessment

CONSUMERS: Consumers- end users generally not come into contact with harmful levels of benzene as the substance is only used at low concentrations or it is completely converted into non-hazardous substances in final products.

Health Effects

Benzene - Marketing And Use Restrictions and Prohibition

DIRECTIVE Restriction/Prohibition Exception

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 76/769/EEC of 27 July 1976

permitted in toys or parts of toys in the free state max. 5 mg/kg by mass -

Max. 0,1 % by mass in substances or preparations

(a) motor fuels(b) substances and preparations for use in industrial

processes(c) waste

Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976

Prohibited in cosmetic products

Human Health Safety Assessment CONSUMERS:

- Exposure can occur in the various industrial or manufacturing facilities that use benzene as solvent or raw material, and refinery products which contain benzene (asphalt, petrol).

-Risk on a daily basis: -printing industry: ink for printing, products used for cleaning and maintaining printing equipment. -painting: products such as base and top coat paints, lacquers, spray paints, sealers and stains. -production of tires and rubber-footwear production: adhesives used to attach soles to shoes contain benzene- roofing and paving industry: use of hot asphalt

- At a higher risk of complications from inhaling benzene fumes on a daily basis: professional painters , people who work in the printing industry and auto body repair shops, workers in roofing and paving industry

Health Effects

Human Health Safety Assessment WORKERS:

-Occupational exposure to benzene is expected to be low because benzene and products which contain benzene are typically manufactured, processed, stored, transported, and used in closed systems with low potential of release.

- Exposure of workers may occur through inhlation and dermal contact at the workplace where benzene or benzene contained products are produced or used.

- In the work environment, the occupational exposure limit for benzene is max. 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) over 8-hours of work.

-At higher risk of benzene exposure : workers who clean benzene and gasoline tanks in manufacturing facilities, workers at petrol Stations and laboratory technicians

Health Effects

Health Effects

EFFECT ASSESSMENT RESULT

Acute Toxicity Oral / inhalation / dermal

- low acute toxicity by the oral, inhalation and dermal routes- classified as harmful and may cause lung damage if swallowed.

Irritation/corrosion Skin/eye/respiratory tract

- seriously irritating eyes and irritating to skin and respiratory tract.

Sensitization - not a strong sensitizer

Toxicity after repeated exposure Oral / inhalation / dermal

- after repeated dose exposure via oral or inhalation routes, benzene causes adverse effects on the haematopoietic system of animals and in humans.

Genotoxicity / Mutagenicity - classified as mutagenic and may damage fertility or the unborn child - may cause heritable genetic damage

Carcinogenicity - classified as carcinogenic (carcinogenic Category 1)

Toxicity for reproduction - not classified

Environment Safety AssessmentWhen spilled in water, benzene evaporates rapidly because it is very volatile and slightly soluble in water. Benzene rapidly biogrades in water.Benzene present in the soil surface evaporates rapidly. The fraction that is not volatilized shows high mobility in soil and may be leached to groundwater. In aerobic conditions, benzene biodegrades in soil.

Environmental Effects

Effect Assessment Result

Aquatic Toxicity Conclusive but not sufficient for classification

Fate and behaviour Result Biodegradation Benzene has been shown to be

readily biodegradable in water , sediment and soil.

Bioaccumulation potential

Not bioaccumulative

PBT / vPvB conclusion Not considered to be either PBT nor vPvB.

Degradation rate

Value

water Ksw = 0.047d-1

sediment Ksed = 0.0023 d-1

soil Ksoil = 0.023 d-1

air Kair = 1.2 * 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 sec-1

Exposure

Human health-The most likely route of human exposure to benzene is through inhalation or dermal contact in benzene manufacturing facilities or the industrial facilities.

- Since these types of activities are mainly undertaken in closed systems, exposure is fairly low.

-The most critical inhalative and dermal exposure scenarios for benzene and associated health risks are for workers who clean benzene and gasoline tanks in manufacturing facilities .

- High worker exposures are likely in industrial or professional applications of end products containing benzene (paints, coatings, cleaning agents, asphalt).

- To some extent, consumer exposure can also occur as a result of use of paints, varnishes, cleaners containing benzene.

- The exposure of consumers to benzene in other end products is at safe levels.

Environment

- In industrial, professional and consumer uses, releases to the environment occur mostly to the air, while emissions to the water are much lower.

- In the environmental risk assessment benzene was assessed as safe enough for the environment during all stages of manufacture, industrial and consumer uses, and has no environmental classification.

Exposure

Protection

Eye/Face Protection: use safety glasses Skin Protection: use protective clothing chemically resistant to this material and anti-static safety shoes. Hand Protection: use appropriate chemical resistant glovesRespiratory Protection: A respirator is not needed under normal and intended conditions of product use. If needed use breathing apparatus. Ingestion: -Use good personal hygiene. -Do not consume or store food in the work area. -Do not eat, drink, or smoke where chemicals are handled, processed, or stored. -Wash hands before smoking, eating or drinking. -Wash hands and skin following contact. -If swallowed, rinse mouth with water (only if the person is conscious), give nothing to drink and do not induce vomiting (risk of pulmonary aspiration).

Risk Management Recommendations

Engineering Controls -Use adequate ventilation.- Use explosion-proof ventilation equipment -Keep away from sources of ignition (hot surfaces, flames, electrostatic charges or sparks, smoking)- Use explosion proof electrical equipment, all conductive materials must be electrically earthed (risk of explosive atmosphere). -Take precautionary measures against static discharge during blending and transfer operations - Do not use air for transfers.-Avoid producing or diffusing fumes, vapour or spray into the air - The vapour is heavier than air and explosive mixtures can accumulate in low spots.

- Environmental precautions: installations must be designed to avoid accidental spill on soil and water. Avoid discharge of the material in a stream or a sewerage system.-Control measures including equipment design and product handling procedures must be established to minimize the exposure potential to workers, community and the environment.

- provide monitoring of benzene concentration in the air in the work environment

Risk Management Recommendations

Classification and labeling of benzene according to CLP / GHS:

CLPFlammable liquid Category 2 Skin corrosion/irritation: skin irritation

Category 2Serious damage/eye irritation: eye irritation Category 2Aspiration hazard:aspiration toxicity

Category 1mutagenic Category 1Bcarcinogenic Category 1Aorgan toxicity – repeated: rep. exp. cat. 1for environmental hazards - no classification

Hazard statements H225 Highly flammable liquid and

vapourH304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airwaysH315 Causes skin irritationH319 Causes serious eye irritationH340 May cause genetic defectsH350 May cause cancerH372 Causes damage to organs

through prolonged or repeated exposure

Highly flammable Toxic GHS02 GHS08 GHS07

State Agency Review This substance has been registered under REACH in the EU.

NoticeThis product safety assessment is intended to give general information about the chemical (or categories of chemicals) addressed. It is not intended to provide an in-depth discussion of health and safety information. Additional information is available through the relevant Safety Data Sheet, which should be consulted before use of the chemical.

This product safety assessment does not supply or replace required regulatory and/or legal communication documents such as the Safety Data Sheet. All information contained herein is presented on an ’as is’ basis and state of technology as per the issue date.

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oduct-strategy/

Acute toxicity Harmful effect resulting from a single or short term exposure to a substance Biodegradation Decomposition or breakdown of a substance under natural conditions

(actions of micro organisms etc) Bioaccumulation Progressive accumulation in living organisms of a chemical substance present in the

environment Carcinogenicity Substance effects causing cancer Chronic toxicity Harmful effect after repeated exposures or long term exposure to a substance

Clastogenicity Substance effect that causes breaks in chromosomes Embryotoxicity Harmful effect on fetal health Flash point The lowest temperature at which vapor of the substance may form an

ignitable mixture with air Genotoxicity Substance effect that causes damage to genes, including Mutagenicity

and clastogenicity GHS Global Harmonized System of chemicals classification Hazard Inherent substance property bearing a threat to health or environment Mutagenicity Substance effect that cause mutation on genes Persistence Refers to the length of time a compound stays in the environment, once introduced Reprotoxicity Including teratogenicity, embryotoxicity and harmful effects on fertility Sensitising Allergenic Sediment Topsoil, sand and minerals washed from land into water forming in the end a layer at

the bottom of rivers and sea Teratogenic Substance effect on foetal morphology Vapor pressure A measure of a substance’s property to evaporate Volatile Any substance that evaporates readily

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