Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur · 63 Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur the hole, it starts to feel ¶Tidal · gravitational forces. Before crossing

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Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur

the hole, it starts to feel ‘Tidal’ gravitational forces. Beforecrossing the event horizon, the object experiences aslowing down of time (in a gravitational field) calledGravitational Time Dilation, relative to an observeroutside the field. The outside observer will see that physicalprocesses in the object including clocks appear to runslow. The object reaches the singularity at the centre withina finite amount of proper time, as measured by the fallingobject would continue to see objects outside the eventhorizon ,blue shifted or red shifted depending on thefalling object’s trajectory. As the falling object approachesthe singularity, tidal forces acting on it approach infinity.All components of the object, including atoms andsubatomic particles, are torn away from each other beforestriking the singularity. At the singularity itself, effects areunknown.

What Would Happen if the Sun Becomes A Black-Hole:

When the Sun becomes a boring black-hole (though afterfive billions years or so) the main effect is that it wouldget very dark and very cold around here. But the Earth

A Big BlackA Big BlackA Big BlackA Big BlackA Big Black-Hole-Hole-Hole-Hole-Hole

A simulated view of a black hole in front of the MilkyWay. The hole has 10 solar masses and is viewed from adistance of 600 km.

and other planets would not be sucked into the black hole.That is because, the horizon of this black-hole would bevery small, only about 3 kms (as Sun’s mass is not big)and outside the horizon black hole’s gravity is no stronger.

Evidence of Black-Hole’s Existance:

According to a recent review by Kormendy and Richstoneeight galaxies have been observed to contain such massivedark objects at their centre.

Capt. W.S. Sherwill, an officer of the engineers, joined on the 1st December professor of Survey was the first permanent English Professor of our college.

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Back To Square One Kaustuv Bhattacharya (Civil Engg., 2nd Year)

"Captain !! We must immediately board the mother-ship"shouted the panic-gripped intern, as the sensors startedto beep at an alarming rate .

Captain Norbock stared, for the last time, at his belovedneighbourhood, now slowly dying away!!" Rear up theengines and prepare for take off ”, he roared as he slowlyascended into the mother-ship.As the last transportingship took off from earth for a year long journey towardsTitan, Captain Norbock looked at his crew and passengers:All of them staring at the ice-frozen dead planet, throughthe periscope. The planet which used to be home to themall, but alas, everything was lost now. Their faces grim …

Year 3009 A.D : The Earth has plunged into another ice-age. There were signs of this impending future. Everyoneknew it would happen , Everyone prayed for it not tohappen … But no-one did anything about it!!The peoplewho raised their voices were silenced. And so it happened…. The end of the 22nd century saw complete extinctionof a massive number of plant and animal species. TheWorld lost the Amazon flora-fauna to mass - urbanization.The Indonesian rain-forests lost to Man's greed formore… The Tiger was no longer one of the endangered….It got extinct!!!

The monster named "Rapid Industrialization" engulfedforest by forest. The 'Him-alaya' could no-longer satisfyits much-acquired title .All the Earth protocols were shownthe door by Nations as Increased levels of GreenHousegases continued to heat things up. The atmosphere wasdeclared unfit for survival. Humans continued withspecially-deviced masks, while birds & animals gasped fortheir breath.

The Indus and The Nile were no longer the saviours ofthe plains .The banks which had given rise to the GreatHarappan & Egyptain Cultures, centuries ago…now cladwith plastics , chemicals and the corpses of its inhabitants…. The waters had changed both their colours and course…. As industries beamed up to empty its poison downthe rivers , the ever rising seas covered themselves with

oil-spills and Nuclear wastes….

The Galapagos Islands - an idea that urged Darwin tochallenge Lamarckism and propose The EvolutionTheory….

Well!! Now it had joined the Atlantis under water!! Partsof of Europe and Asia were gasping for water whereasother parts were flooded..

As if this wasn't enough , there were more to come !!Man's greed for dominance saw the powerful nationsflexing muscles with the super developed Nuclear andVacuum Bombs… thereby adding insult to injury !!

5th June 2900 A.D - The Earth was declared unfit to leavein!!! Some Environment Day Huh!! Technology lookedbeyond the earth!!! At an U.N meeting it was decidedunanimously that The Earth will be deserted for Titan,one of Saturn's satellites as the next Artificial Earth.

So preparations began and by 3000 A.D, as the ice-agesstarted to set in, covering the once Green Planet intofrozen ice. All was set as the First Rehabilitation Shuttleleft for Titan …. Nine years later as the last Humanstepped out of Earth ….. Captain Norbock felt a mixedemotion of sadness and anger. He felt the situation couldhave been averted. Now like a homeless creature ….. manwould wander from planet to planet in search of that idealplace for survival!!

He had Technology on his side … Highly qualified Robotsto do his all his work …. Specially developed survivaltechnology…………… Yet there was a vacuum …… Asthe craft left the field of the Earth , Norbock felt like aguilty child deserting its Parent to doom!! From the Originof life on Earth to this eventful day … perhaps this wasthe most tragic events of all times. As the Earth slowlyfaded out of vision and new masses unfolded as the craftleaped forward… Norbock said to himself "We have lostour everything to our own greed. We need to start afresh…Back to Square one eiii" and ordered the intern toincrease the speed by round2…

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The Fort of Jaisalmer Sayantani Lala (Civil Engg., 2nd Year)

Rajasthan, as we all know is an experience ofcolours and flavours steeped in rich culturalheritage of magnificent forts, lavish royalty, and

enigmatic myths. This place has posed, time and again,for various documentaries, films regarding the diverseculture of India. Its magnificent forts scattered over thevast desert like precious gems boasts not only of strengthand vigour, but also the architectural prowess of thecraftsmen who built them. Such a majestic fort is the Fortor JAISALMER; more familiar to us as the SONARKELLA of SATYAJIT RAY.

Jaisalmer Fort is one of the largest of desert forts of theworld. It is situated in Jaisalmer city in Indian state ofRajasthan. It was built in 1156 AD by the Bhati Rajputruler Rawal Jaisal, from where it derives it name. Aninteresting legend shadows the construction of this fort.It is said that Lord Krishna foretold Arjun that onedescendent of Yadav clan would build a kingdom onTrikut hill. It came true when Rawal Jaisal, adescendentof the Yadavs built the fort.

The fort stands proudly admist the golden stretches ofthe great Thar Desert, on Trikuta Hill and had been thescene of many battles. Its massive yellow sandstone wallsare a tawny lion color during the day, turning to a magicalhoney-gold as the sun sets and camouflages the fortmaking it appear a part of the picturesque yellow desert.Thus, it is aptly named as the "Golden Fort".

The Jaisalmer fort is the second oldest after ChittorgarhFort in Rajasthan. The fort is 250 ft high. It has 99 bastions,92 of which were built between 1633 and 1647. It isapproachable through four successive gates, Suraj Pol,Ganesh Pol, Akke Pol and Hawa Pol. The walls of thefort are built in dry masonry. The fort contains 3 layersof walls. The outer or the lower layer is made out of solidstone blocks and it reinforces the loose rubble of TrikutaHill. The second wall, i.e. the middle wall snakes around

the fort. From the inner most or the third wall, the Rajputwarriors used to hurl boiling oil and water, and massiveround blocks of rock as missiles on the enemies whenthey got trapped between the second and the third walls.

The fort is accomplished with many ravishing havelis,erotic Jain Temples of the 12th-15th century AD and 5royal palaces. The palaces have elegant craftsmanship oflattice (jaali) work and artistic windows (jharokhas).

Ala-ud-din Khilji attacked and captured the fort in the13th century and managed to hold it for 9 years. It wasduring the seize of the fort, the Rajput women committedJauhar. The second battle at the fort happened in 1541,when Mughal emperor Humayun attacked the fort city.

This is the world's only living fort and about a quarter ofcity's population live in the fort. At one point of time theentire population of Jaisalmer used to live within the fort;but with the increase in the population, people was forcedto move out and find shelter under the foot of the TrikutaHill.

During the medieval times, the city played a major role inthe trade with Persia, Arabia, Egypt and Africa. However,since the British rule, due to the rise of sea trade andgrowth of the port of Bombay, the city went through amajor economic recession. After the independence andpartition of India, the ancient trade route was totallyclosed and thus sealed the fate of the city. However, thestrategic importance of Jaisalmer was revealed during the1965 and 1971 wars between India and Pakistan.

There is peculiar gadget hoisted at the ramparts of thefort. A flag was hoisted here every year in April. If theflag flew in the northward direction then it signified thatfamine would strike that year. If the flag flew westwardsthen fine monsoons would follow. Though primitive thismethod is as accurate or inaccurate as today`s weatherforecast.

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The few fortunate who have seen this golden beauty inperson must have marveled at this majestic structure, itsregal stature. And the ones, who had not yet had theopportunity, should witness once this wonder of the

medieval world to savour its perfection and old worldcharm. The Fort of JAISALMER has contributedimmensely to the cultural rainbow of Rajasthan; moresignificantly to that of INDIA.

A PredictionAryadeep Chakraborty(Mechanical Engg., 1st Year)

Through the blinding light of a scorched soul,I see black suits streaming past the road

A dead dream resting in a coffin of roses,An infant crying to an eternal carol.

I sense the stink of puke of the age old lore,Barring everyone from the freedom they crave

I see a moralist only crossing the road,Being shot on chest with flying colour.

The leaders rejoice on the esteemed chair,For we have fallen dead short

But nevertheless crying our souls out in tears,At the idiotic success of the lucky pair.

Theres an empty canvas ready to be brushed,Streaks of redness walk past the glory of peace

And roasted flesh being merrily tasted,Sky-fetched dreams are easily crushed.

The sound of roaring waves are being drowned drowned,Amidst the rattling sound of the empty magazines

For only silence prevails across the blood stained field,The boy with weapon has been crowned.

But i can still hear the cry of an unfinished soul,The cry of an infant pass the deaf ear

It will rise one day to its willAnd crush the glory of the mighty chair.

Are You MineSoumyajyoti Sinha Ray

(Mechanical Engg., 2nd year)

What’s there in my heart you know;Yet you pretend not to show…!

But when I am lonely, when I am low:You lay your soft and caressing hands on my back, to overthrow-

The solitude of my soul and spirit;And flush out all the accumulated grit,

Showering your unbound affection and care-To moisten my cheeks with your lips so bare!!!

And yet when I crave to pour-All my love and urging desire in store:

You stop me and you hold me tight,Without worrying much of my plight;

Being deprived of all the delight-I remain lain beside you, awakened all night!!!

And then it’s dawn, the light showing its face.But my heart is out of its place-

Looking helter-skelter:For a warm and cozy shelter.

But that goes all in vain;And it retires with dying pain.

Then you hug me again,And in your arms I remain-

For a while, before you draw me close;Till I know- your breath smells primrose.

And you squeeze out all my pathos-With your love and affection- an intoxicating dose!!!

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Tech @ Heart Avishek Dan, Pritam Banerjee (C.S.T., 2nd year)

Dear Violet,

A strange thing happened to me a few days ago.Steering my control through the passage of life,I got an input from a girl that caught my eye. My

neurons received a sudden impulse and my heart startedbeating with a large amplitude. My system started givingunexpected interrupts and I started adoring the beauty ofscience. Violet, that girl is none but you.

It is you who mesmerized me and hung my system. It isyou who gave my life a purpose. Your energy inducedvibrations in my system and I lay galvanized in yourthoughts. I turned on my wireless network for more inputpackages, but alas found no signal from you. Violet, youare now embedded in my memory, my ROM is rewritten.You attracted me with an infinite force and I acceleratedtowards you with the speed of light. But alas, a negativecharge came in my path and repelled me away from you.

Violet, it is love where nothing is mundane. It is wherelaws of nature do not hold. Love is beyond the earthlyworld we know, it is paradise. Love is not volatile but a

constant pointer which points to happy memories everytime we flashback on it. Love transcends logic. It is like arecurrence relation without the base condition.

Violet, my love for you is like an infinite loop that neverterminates. You are my system restore, my control unit.Without you my life is nothing but a void pointer. Youtransfigured my life from scalar to vector; you gave mylife a direction. You hacked my system, made me allocateall my memory space to you and filled it with your data.You are my source of inexhaustible power. You amplifymy happiness and filter my sorrows.

This message is a result of the emotions you fed to mysystem. Can we indulge in some time sharing? Can ourprocessors come a little closer? My counter is constantlycounting the time until you give a positive signal. Pleasedo not differentiate my heart and create bad sectors inme coz if you do so then I will lose even the boot loaderin me.

Technically yours,Your lover

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The Comedy of Errors Pritam Banerjee (CST , 2nd year)

We often come across many quite humorousphrases and sentences. These range fromsome which change the meaning completely

(thanks to the misplaced modifiers) to some which includethe redundant. Here’s a list of some of the sentenceswhich I have come across mostly during my school life.

Take a 5 cm wire of unknown length

Once our teacher punished four of us and said“Each of you stand at the four corners ofthe room” (An ordeal, isn’t it?)

This one is the favorite of our mathematicsteacher.”An ever increasing function neverdecreases!!” (Can you think of an increasingfunction which also decreases?)

Once I started an infinite loop in the computerlaboratory of my school and the instructor said“My boy, what have you done? You havestarted a non-terminating infinite loop”(hmm, ever heard of a terminating infinite loop?)

The classic “Open the window and let theatmosphere come in’

“The principal just passed away through thecorridor!!”(Oops! Sorry to hear that)

“I have two daughters. Both of them aregirls!”(Can you name a boy daughter?)

BUT THE WINNER IS…………………………….

“Why are you looking at the monkey outside when Iam here?!”

AliveSrabasti Sinha Roy (C.E. 2nd year.)

When the moon shines at you with all it's light.When the wind blows you away

And nothing to lose.Take a deep breath & close your eyes

'I'm ALIVE' the echo goes …..

Listen to the silence, many shouts you can hereStanding face to face but nothing to answer.

And I'm ALIVE' on this sphere.Sunrays are burned for those dark clouds

The blossoms are yet to fall asleep.I'm watching you but doing nothing.

Because you're supposed to be bereavedBefore the night reaches tomorrow

Before the wind stopsYou are alive to break the bondBefore you hear someone call.

'I'm ALIVE' in red roses, 'I'm ALIVE' in sunshine'I'm ALIVE' in the twinkle of a star;

'I'm ALIVE' in your smile !!!

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Vikings Oceanwide Enterprise Ltd. Esob Nahom S. [Contributed by our Alumni S.M. Bose (E.E., 1960)]

is looking for several slavedrivers to fill vacancies rightnow.

If you are motivated, career minded, and like to con simplepeople to further your progress, then you are the man forus.

Qualifications: Education is not that important, but thequalities of cleverness, cunningness, slyness, hideousnessand a strong motivation to drive other people crazy inorder to attain your ends is essential. Essential greedmust also be an element of your character, and you mustdespise those who go for the state of 'being' instead of'having'.

Age: Definitely below 30, unless you are one of those'burned in' and 'already indoctrinated' types. In the lattercase your potentials have already been recognized, andwe need not bother about your malleability.

You will go straight to station ten. You will be paid well,much above the bread and water which the slaves get,but not quite the amount we get. However, if you canshow enough initiative, there are chances that you will beadvanced to the position of senior slave driver soon, and

who knows, one day you might as well take over the gangleadership.

We will seduce you, and teach you the most advanced andsophisticated methods yet discovered by thoseconsolidated brain washers on how to break the will ofthe so called 'free dreamers'. You will be provided withcomputer surveillance systems, so that nothing will escapeyour notice, and you will use computers to maximize our(and your) gain. You will be taught corporate rhetoric sothat you will not only fool the slaves but do so impressivelyand with style. And above all, we will support you nomatter how devilish you become for the cause of makingUs move ahead.

Remember, you will be working for the corporateVikinghood and their exclusive guild of shareholders, allsharing the common goal of achieving a new world order,where we secure more prosperity for us.

Here is the chance for you, so don't wait. Grab thisopportunity now.

Apply directly to our recruitment counselor.

P.S.: Non-conformists will be thrown overboard.

The attendance on the 1st day of the college was 21 but then it rose to 31, by the time the batch appeared for the first theoretical examination.

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Is Death The Only End Anosh Lepcha (Mechanical Engg., 1st year)

I was lying on my bed and was trying to take a napafter a tiring day. It was 6'O clock in the evening andnone of my room-mates were in my room. Even the

sun had hidden itself and only the light on the horizoncould be seen. As I watched outside the night seemed toclose in and even the birds seemed to return to theirrespective places. I could faintly hear the boys talking abouttheir match and some seemed to be unsatisfied with theresult. They must have had a good game of cricket onfootball I guessed. Then suddenly out of no where athought came to my mind, "Where do we go at theend?"…..

See, I am not a philosopher nor some scientist who canexplain what's life all about but it was this thought whichmade me write these things.

From the day I first came to B.E.S.U. I see my friendsworried and they are simply running after something.Some are worried about their studies, some about their

future and some even about their girlfriends. But theyhave one thing in common, i.e. they seem to run aftersomething. Even though they are running it seems thatthey do not know where they are heading towards.

Some say - 'life is like water in the rivers which keeps onflowing until it ends up into the ocean.' So does this meanthat life can never be explained? Is there no one who canexplain what life is all about? ..... What about those whosay, they know the answer? Can they satisfy us by theirexplanations …..? These are questions that will haunt usthroughout our life time.

One day everyone dies, we cannot take even a single paisaafter we die. Even our flesh betray us. So where do wefinally go and end? So do you think death is the only endto our life? … Is there no other place where we go toafter we die? These questions may be difficult for you todigest but it is high time we go and find an answer to it.

REBECA - The Inheritance of amity Arindam Roy Chowdhury

(E.E., 1st Year)

Rapport so deep - like the childhood dream;Essence of love that comes, binds and mingles within.Beyond the grand war, dazzles and gleeEvolve the bond among souls so free.Comes a year, come new hearts, yester year(s) still never palls,Appealing for future of glow and grit; summon we together in this inheritance of amity

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Large Hadron Collider Diptesh Paul (E.E. 1st Year)

European Organisation for Nuclear Research(CERN) has made a historical step forward in itsguest to know how the universe was created. The

world's largest particle collider successfully passed its firstmajor test on sept 10, 2008. it fired a beam of protons allthe way around a 17 mile tunnel. The deep tunnel is underthe surface of the Franco-Swiss border near Geneva. It issupposed to be the next great step to understand the make-up of the universe.

Over 8,000 scientists from 85 countries, including 30 fromIndia and hundreds of universities participated in theexperiment.

After a series of trial runs, two white dots flashed on acomputer screen. They indicated that the protons hadtraveled clockwise along the full length of four billionSwiss francs (Rs. 16,340 crore) Large Hadron Collider(LHC). It is described as the biggest physics experimentin history. It took 14 years of work and $ 10 billion infunds to conceive the massive project.

The LHC is designed to study the effects of collisionsbetween very small particles-smaller than atoms. Theyshould travel at nearly the speed of light. This is why it iscalled LHC. 'Hadron' because the particles it used(protons) belong to a class of sub-atomic particles knownas hadrons and 'Collider' because it will smash theseparticles together.

It is considered the most expensive scientific experimentto date. LHC has been designed to accelerate protons itwould energise seven-trillion electron-volts and smashthem togher.

At stake is a suite of theories called the standard Model.It explains all of particle physics to date. At the sametime it breaks down at conditions that existed during theearliest moments of the universe. The LHC will eventuallyreach temperatures and energies equivalent to those at atrillionth of a second after Big Bang.

According to the Big Bang theory, the explosion of anobject the size of a small coin occurred about 13.7 billionyears ago and led to the formation of stars, planets - andlife on Earth.

However, there are many theories about what will happen,including the emergence of a particle called Higgs boson.It is hypothesized to understand the mysterious darkmatter, which provides the invisible scaffolding of galaxiesand the cosmos. In other words, the collision of theparticles, it is hoped, will replicate conditions at the pointof the Big bang. It will yield a goldmine of data for thescientists to know not only the creation of the universebut also deepen understanding of theoretical concepts.

Eventually two beams will be fired at the some time inopposite directions. The idea is to recreate conditionswhich existed a split second after the Big Bang. The collideris designed to push the proton beam close to the speedof light, whizzing 11,000 times a second around the tunnel.

It is hoped that scientists would send two beams ofprotons through two tubes about the width of fire hoses.They would be speeded through a vacuumed that is colderand emptier than outer space. The paths of these beamswill cross, and a few protons will collide. The Collider'stwo largest detectors are basically huge digital cameras.The weight of the cameras is thousand of tones, whichcan take millions of snapshots a second.

Each collision of a pair of protons will release an amountof energy comparable to that of two colliding mosquitoes.So any black hole produced would be much smaller thanthose known to astrophysicists.

Indian laboratories, led by the Raja Ramanna Centre forAdvanced Technology, Indore, Thane contributedsubstantially towards the construction of LHC. There aremany components which were fabricated by Indianindustry and supplied to the CERN.

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Saraswati River Abhinav Kumar Singh (Mining Engg., 3rd Year)

Source Har-ki-Dun glacier (near Yamunotri) Length 1,600 km

The Mother of All Rivers

The Saraswati River is believed to have drained the northand northwest region of India in ancient times, supportingover 1,6000 settlements. Although the river does not havea physical existence today, there are numerous referencesto it in the ancient Indian literature of the Vedic and post-Vedic period. Rig Veda, the most ancient of the fourVedas, describes Saraswati as a mighty river with manyindividually recognized tributaries. The sacred book callsSaraswati as the seventh river of the Sindhu-Saraswatiriver system, hence the name Saptsindhu for the regionbounded by rivers Saraswati in the east and Sindhu (alsoIndus) in the west. Rig Veda hymns also describe life andtimes of the people residing in the Saraswati river valley.The awe and reverence the river inspired during the Vedicperiod is best summed by the three-word tribute to theriver in the Rig Veda-Ambitamé, the best of the mothers;Naditamé, the best of the rivers; and Devitamé, the bestof the goddesses.

Vedic Saraswati

The major rivers of north-west (Punjab, Sindh, Rajasthan& Gujrat) were: Saraswati, Sindhu (Indus), Shatadru(Sutlej), Vipasa (Beas), Vitasa (Jhelum), Parushni (Ravi),Asikni (Chenab), Yamuna, Drishadwati and Lavanavati.All rivers have changed their courses since Vedic times.Of these, three rivers: Saraswati, Drishadwati andLavanavati no longer exist.

In Vedic times: the rivers Beas, Jhelum, Ravi & Chenabjoined Sindhu, to form one channel from Himalayas tothe Arabian Sea.

Saraswati and her tributary rivers: Yamuna, Sutlej,Drishadvati and Lavanavati formed the other channelfrom Himalayas to the Arabian Sea. Saraswati was a mightyriver with three sources in the Himalayas. Her bed was as

vast as 10 km in some places. The river course was dottedwith lakes and ponds.

In the very early days, Saraswati met the Arabian Sea atthe Rann of Kachh. After the level of Rann increased,she crossed the Rann to join Arabian Sea at the gulf ofKhambat.

Course of Saraswati

Here is the proposed course of the northwestern riversduring Vedic times:

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Saraswati: The Goddess of KnowledgeThe vedic people had realised the importance of water,and called it life. Obviously the water providing purestreams were no less than a mother, who nurtured life onits banks.

It was on the banks of Saraswati, that the Vedic ashramsthrived. It was on the waters of Saraswati that the vedicculture grew. She was thus called the goddess ofknowledge. (Remember goddess Saraswati is alwaysportrayed with water in background, blooming lotus, whiteswans, and bathing elephants.)

The Rig Veda praises the river as:ambitambe naditambe devitambe saraswati

The best of mothers, best of rivers, best of godesses, OhSaraswati!

Saraswati-Sindhu civilization:

80% of the sites have been found on the dry banks ofriver Saraswati, and hence the name Saraswati-Sindhu.

It is suggested that the urbanised and trade orientedSaraswati-Sindhu civilization (3100-1900 BC) suceeded theearlier Vedic civilisation. They built their civilization onthe Vedic knowledge. How else could they build towns,navigate the seas, achieve large scale production, have

quality standards, and have commercial relations with theMesopotomia & Egypt cultures? It was the Vedic studythat provided them the required knowledge of geometry,algebra, geography, ship building, and navigation.

The Saraswati-Sindhu Civilization represents itself in,about 300 cities (plus so many supporting towns &villages). Huge cities had populations of 100,000. Theyhad two or three storied houses built with bricks ofuniform size. The cities had underground sewage system.Networked with grid of roads. Cities had giant reservoirsfor water. (Today, only one or two Indian cities can boastto be like those built 5,000 years ago!)

The Decline

Late Vedic Period: Tectonic movements pushed up theAravali hills, in northern Rajasthan. This changed thedrainage pattern of the Northwest drastically. Saraswatilost her major tributaries, Yamuna and Sutlej. Sutlej turnedwest and joined Beas-Sindhu system, and Yamuna startedmigrating east to join Ganga.

During Mahabharat times: The volume of water flowingdown the Saraswati had reduced. The waters of Saraswatidid not make it upto the sea. Yamuna at this time, partlyflowed westwards to meet Saraswati and partly flowedeastwards to meet Ganga.

At the time of Krishna’s birth Yamuna was not as mightyas it is today. Hence it must have been possible for Vasudevto cross the river, with the new born Krishna in his arms.

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It is described in Mahabharat, that Balaram travelled alongthe almost dry banks of Saraswati, and then along thebanks of Yamuna, from Prabhas (Somnath) to Mathura.

After Mahabharat times: Yamuna now pirated Saraswati’ssources and flowed into Ganga. Because Yamuna broughtthe waters of Saraswati to Ganga, the Sagam is called asthe Triveni Sangam of Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati.Ganga now took the importance of Saraswati and thetitle of goddess.

Saraswati now had neither her sources nor her tributaryrivers. She no longer remained the perinnial river. Onlyfloodwaters of Sutlej flowed through her vast channels.As late as the 16th century AD, the floodwaters of Sutlejflowed down Saraswati.

Today, Ghaggar; a puny seasonal river, occupies some partsof Saraswati’s dry beds. The dry vast bed called the Hakra-Nara channels lie in the western Rajasthan.

Impact of Saraswati’s demise on the populationSaraswati had such an impact on the lives, even after herdisappearence, that many rivers were later renamed afterher. River Argandab (now in Afghanistan) was namedSaraswati. The lower channels of the river Luni in Gujratwere also renamed as Saraswati. Another river born inthe Himalayas, (one of the sources of Vedic Saraswati)but flowing down in Assam is also called Saraswati.

The demise of Saraswati, was near fatal for the Saraswaticivilization. The scarcity of water forced people to migrate.Saraswati - Sindhu civilization did not vanish. There wasa shift of population after the economy around theSarasvati river collapsed. People moved to east to theGanga-Yamuna plains, west (giving rise to the Mittani andKassites, who worshiped Vedic Gods), northwest andsouth to Godavari plains.

Saraswati Discovered!

1870: Geologist Alex Rogers discovers: The alluviumdeposited by a river in the Gulf of Khambat. It also seemsthat it must be the drainage of the Panjab, that once flowedinto Gulf of Khambat.

1886: British officer Oldham saw the dry, vast bed of theseasonal river Gaggar. He concluded that a seasonal rivercould not create a bed so vast; thus Gaggar must beoccupying the bed of an older river. He wrote a paper onthe change of river courses in the northwest, andattributed that dry bed to Sutlej.

1886-1999:Many geologists, archeologists and historianssome of them being: Wilhemly, Yashpal, Valdiya, Shridhar,Manuk, Mughal, Marshall, Ahmad, S. Kalyanaraman, Roy,Malik, Ghosh, etc. put forth the theory that Saraswati didonce flow, in now dry Gaggar, Hakra-Nara channels.

1972: The sattelite images of the northwestern regionshowed underground channels of water.

1980’s: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbaiperforms carbon testing of the underground waters. Itturns out to be 3,500 years old.

1998: Rajasthan Ground Water Department undertookthe task to ‘unearth’ the river with the collaboration ofBARC and Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad (awing of ISRO). If the effort is successful, people livingin the desert belt of Rajasthan will be supplied with waterfor irragation.

2001 Gujarat Earthquake: The earthquake in Kutch hasopened several fissures in that arid land and at some placespeople have tasted sweet water gushing out. Geologistsreport new ponds bursting to the surface in Kutch area.

Present-Day Research

How and when was this mighty river lost? Researches haveshown that the course of this river had links with the drybed of Ghaggar River in the northeast (Ganganagardistrict) while in the southwest it met or cut acrosssurviving courses of the Hakra and Nara rivers in Pakistan.In the northwestern part of Jaisalmer district, in spiteof very low rainfall (less that 150 mm) and extremeweather conditions, groundwater is available at a depthof about 50-60 m along the course of the defunct riverand wells in the vicinity do not dry up throughout theyear. The groundwater in the area is rich in stable isotope

75


content as compared to other Himalayan rivers.Groundwater samples exhibit negligible tritium contentindicating absence of modern recharge. Radiocarbon datasuggest the groundwater is a few thousand years old. Thelevels of Carbon-14 isotope decrease along the river coursedownstream indicating hydraulic continuity of theSaraswati buried channel from Kuria Beri to Ghantiyalji.

Evidence collected so far shows that the river disappeareddue to a combination of reasons spread over a fewhundred years possibly between 2000 and 1500 BC. Themain reasons contributing to the drying of the river appearto be the loss of its important tributaries due to changesin river course, climate changes (like long periods ofdraught) and water seepage through earth faults, andfissures combined with the obstruction of river flow byshifting of sand due to high winds. The whole ofnorthwest India, up to the Rann of Kutch, was subject toearthquake activity, resulting in raising of the ground, andcreation of earth faults that contributed to the loss ofwater of this river.

When the Aravallis range is traced north to the Himalayas,there is evidence of rise in the ground level on the line ofAravallis. This change in the ground level appears to have

caused the turning of the river Yamuna eastwards to jointhe Ganges at Allahabad. This river capturing denied thewaters of Yamuna to Saraswati. Another blow to the riverSaraswati was struck when Sutlej took a sharp U-turn atRopar moving to flow parallel to the river Beas, the VedicVipasa. Having lost both of its perennial tributaries, i.e.,Yamuna and Sutlej, river Saraswati would have been adrying river in around 2000 BC. It is probable thatdesertification of Rajasthan would have taken place atthat time. As supported by the hydro-geological evidence,the ground faults and sand movement would have causedthe seepage of the remaining waters of river Saraswati tounderground channels, leaving a dry riverbed.

Last part of the legend is that the Saraswati meets theGanges and Yamuna at the confluence (Sangam) atAllahabad (Prayag). Neither archæological finds norsatellite images support any evidence of the RiverSaraswati ever flowing east towards Allahabad, either overthe ground or underground. Some modern scholarsinterpret the capture of Saraswati waters by Yamuna alsoto mean the confluence of Yamuna and Saraswati jointlywith Ganges at Allahabad. If this is accepted, meeting ofSutlej with Beas has equal claim to the confluence of threeRiver, i.e., Sutlej, Beas, and Saraswati.

Lient. E.C.S. Williams, of the engineers, Superiendent of the Topographical Survey in was the 1st principal of our Alma Mater.

76

REBECA 2009

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Ñ¶õ[t¡¹ Îà¹oã ë¤ìÚAbhishek Mallik (Mechanical Engg., 2nd Year )

77


receive A¡ì¹ ¤ºà ‘‘¤à¤à &A¡iå¡ šì¹ ëA¡àì¹à, &J> AÃ¡àìÎ "à[á’’- &ÒüÎ¤

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Òk¡à; ¤åìA¡ {¤‹º &ìÎ.............................

Aryadeep Chakraborty(Mechanical Engg., 1st Year)

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š øàÚÒü ëšá> ë=ìA¡ Ç¡®¡[\; - &¹ Kºà Ç¡>ìt¡ šàÒü¡ú

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"¸àº¤à³Debjyoti Dutta (CE, 4th year)

78

REBECA 2009

Priyatosh Chandra(E.E. Engg., 1st Year )

˜tå¡¹à\ ¤Î” zSonalisha Pal(Mech. Engg., 1st Year)

"à³à¹ \K;

Dwaipayan Mahato(Mech. Engg., 2nd Year )

î>@ÎU

79


Koushik Mithia(Metallurgy, 4th Year )

A¡à[Ò>ã ëÅà>àÒü ëÅàì>à

80

REBECA 2009

Ñ¬š—Naba Kumar Mahata (Metallurgy, 4th year)

"¤ìÅìÈDebobrata Das (Metallurgy, 4th year)

81


FACTS ABOUT COLLEGE

The Civil Engineering College, Calcutta was openedon 24 November 1856, with 10 students & an in-structive staff of 2.The day college was opened there were only 2instructive staff i.e. the then principal Lt.Williams &Mr M Shome , the officiating professor ofmathematics.The 1st degree examination of Bachelor in CivilEngg. (B.C.E.) was held in 1864.Only two students came out successful in the firstever degree examination conducted by the college.The premises of the Bishop’s College at Shibpur wereacquired on the 29th march, 1880.During 1880-1887, the college was known as theGovernment Engineering College, Howrah.The first L.C.E. Examination was held in 1861 inwhich six students came out successful, 4 firstdivisions & 2 second division.The college was shifted from Presidency College tothe present location of Bishop‘s College in 1880.During 1887-1921, the college once again was namedas Civil Engineering College.The 1st hospital of the college was opened inFebruary, 1893.In 1889, the college becomes a fully residentialinstitution.After the death of Principal Mr. Downing in 1891Mr. J.S. Slater became the principal of the college.Agriculture department was opened in the year 1898.The agriculture department was discontinued fromthe college in 1908 after being transferred to PUSA.B.Heaton was the principal of the college for 1904-1921.Mining department was started in the Feb. 1906 withMr. E.H. Robertson as professor-in-charge.The first governing body of the college wasconstituted in February 1910.

After Mr. B. Heaton retired as the principal, Mr.T.H.Richardson took over as the principal in 1921.Mr.T.H.Richardson was the principal of the collegefrom the tenure 1921 to 1928.Mining classes in the college was stopped in March1929 & was shifted to I.S.M., Dhanbad.Teaching of geology was included in the syllabus forB.E. from 1 April 1929.The 1st batch of students appeared at the degreeexamination in Mechanical Engg.in July, 1932.The 1st batch of students appeared at the degreeexamination in Electrical Engg in 1936.Dr.A.H. Pandya took over as the principal on 21stSeptember,1939, was the youngest & 1st Indianprincipal of the college.The degree course of Metallurgy was introduced in1939-40 & commenced on 6th November, 1939.After Dr. A.H. Pandya, Mr. C.V. Miller was appointedas the principal.After Mr. C.V. Miller, Prof. N.N. Sen was appointedas the principal of the college on 1st April, 1945.The Dept. of Mining Engg. was restarted in 1956.The teacher’s training course started during 1956-60was a noteworthy event.The 1st computer centre of the college was startedin 1976-77.On December 11, 1981 the college celebrated it‘ s125th anniversary with the then president of IndiaSri N.Sanjiva Reddy.The Computer Science & Technology Departmentwas started in the year 1982.The 1st convocation of the university was held on9th January, 1997.The university offers courses in 9 Engineering.Disciplines, 5 non-engineering & has 8 other differentschools.The present campus of BESU. Shibpur is spread overabout 49 hectares.

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REBECA 2009

Department of Architecture, Town andRegional PlanningPrachi RampuriaSubhasish MandalAlokananda NathBasudutta SarkarKoel ChakrobortyArijit SettAnjan PatraManas Kanti MajiAhmed Saleh Hassan SiddikiMomocha Phurailatpam SharmaSayanti MajumderPriyambada DasSudeshna SarkarArnab JanaRahul MajumderSukanta HaldarSoumya Kanti GhoshArpita Jana

Department of Mining EngineeringDeep PandaBiman BiswasAnup Kumar RayAmal RoyRounak MandalAmritesh SenapatiDebnath ChatterjeeSukanta GoraiMarut SahaSabyasachi MukherjeeSumik ChakrabortyRajesh Kumar SahuBalaram MandalDebajyoti BanerjeeKaushik BeraTamal RoyPankaj Kumar RoySouvik SarkarAritra Sen

Tashi PhuntshoKarma ChophelAvijit MondalManoj Kumar SinghSubhadeep Kumar Ghosh

Department of Metallurgy and MaterialsEngineeringTanmoy MandalSudipta GhoshDipanwita DasNipendu RajbansiSouvik DasChiranjib DasMadhumanti SanyalTanmoy ChatterjeePawan Kumar MishraPradip Kumar MajhiSk Md HasanPiyas PalitMukesh Kumar SharmaAnish KarmakarNaba Kumar MahataKoushik MithiaArunim RayArnab SahaAlok SarkarMou ChatterjeeShikharAbhijit GhoshSrijan AcharyaArka LahiriSudipta PatraDebobrata DasAmit Kumar KunduDebarati Acharya

Department of Mechanical EngineeringSudhir Chandra MurmuMadan Mohan MurmuMilan Kumar Moulick

OUR OUTGOING BATCH (YEAR 2009)

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Sujit MandiAbhishek Ranjan BesraSumanta RayJyoti Prokash MondalSumitro KayalDebajyoti DasChiranjit DasMihir DhaliRipan SarkarProsenjit DasAnjan MurmuSaikat DasSoumik SarkarArunava MaitySanjoy DuttaSoubhik MondalAshok RoyManjesh Kumar SinghSoumya BasuSoumya Kanti GuhaShyama Kanta RahaSubhajit BandyopadhyaySandipan TrivediDibakar AdhikaryArup SarkarSubhajit NandiDiptesh MukherjeeSuvojit ChakrabortyArunava MukherjeeSanjoy MukherjeeArup Kumar NandySaunak SenguptaShikha Kumari SinghAyan Kumar BanerjeeMahan Raj BanerjeeSuvradip MullickArijit KumarSanjiban DuttaDebojyoti DeyManindra Nath MurmuSalil DasSayantan DeAnimesh NandyRajib Mandal

Omkar Nath KunduMoazulu ImsongAmiya KarSomnath HalderUpendra SharmaJogjiban DeyAbhishek ChatterjeeHarish Chandra MishraTanmoy Mondal

Department of Civil EngineeringGoutam SarenApurba MondalBiplab SamadderSneha MurmuAshis SorenArindam HaldarShubha Kumar HaldarGourik DasPoulami DasBivash DasPrasenjit MurmuLaxmi Kanta MannaJoydip MondalKrishna BiswasBibekananda MandalTarak DasDipankar RoyArnab SarkarKousik MohantaAvishek DeyPriyasankar PaulKaushik BanerjeeEsha PalSiladitya GangulyTapas Kumar MannaSubhashis DasSubhra BakshiSandip DasSanghamitra MeddaDebjyoti DattaArindam DuttaNavin GuptaMoumita Shi

84

REBECA 2009

Santu MatiaSubir Kumar KundaSaikat ChatterjeeBhaskar dasShambhunath SadhuBiswajit KarmakarAvesek MaityJagannath KarmakarKoushik DattaDipak RakshitChandranath ChakrabortyBodhisatwa RoyKundan GoswamiSudipta MallickAmarnath SarkarSumanta BanerjeeBimalendu KarDebsundar DuttaSaubhik ShahChirapravo GhoshKanchan Kanti MondalSananda SarkarSujit Madhab GhoshRajarshi DuttaSekhar BanerjeeUtpal MandalPayel ChatterjeeRuma PatraRajarshi DasbhowmikAmiya SarkarRajat NagDipayan LodhTapas DasMrinmoy NathDebojyoti HatiPradipta ThakurAvishek MondalSougata BangalJyotirmoya Dutta MajumdarAbhishek MukherjeeHarekrishna SarkarAlok KumarArindam MandalKoushik Roy

Biswajit SarkarRita BarmanSaurabh DandapatDeabojyoti MondalSoumitra PradhanArup Kumar DebnathSantanu MazumdarArindam GhoshDebraj Singha Roy

Department of Computer Science & TechnologyKrishnadhan DasRajesh BaruaJaydeep SahaMadhumita SahanaAnil TuduAnimesh KuitySinchan MandalSuman SarkarDebayan DasSwagata SomBiplab KarRaju KarmakarSoumyadipta SarkarBhuban Mohan SethSouman MandalTousif AhmedVishal RathiAkaitab GhatakSayantan MukherjeeNidhi DhanukaBidhan Chandra PalSubir Kumar ChowdhuryAnanda DasKoushik DasAparajita ChaudhuriAbhishek MallickSauvik SamantaNilesh KunduAnirban DasSubhrangshu MandalSantu SamazpatiDebananda SahooRanjan Paul

85


Department of Electrical EngineeringSantanu DasSumanta Kumar ShowAbhik MallickDebolina PatraBipul SikderChameli HansdaAlok Ranjan BarmanShuvajit BalaPrasenjit SahaInati HansdaBibhasis PramanikRamkrishna BaralBiren HansdaBiplab DharSuvadeep DeyChiranjit MondalNirmalya ChandaAvirup MaulikManisankar DhabalPratik GaraiAmrita PalKoustav BanerjeeAbhijit BhattacharjeePradip Kumar BagMaynk KejriwalDebjyoti KabashiAbhishek RaiDebasish NathAyan MukherjeeAvijnan MitraAniket PalSuman Kumar GhoshArabind GuptaSoumya DasSatabda DuttaSk Ferdous WahidSayan MishraSubhra Sankha GhoshSirin Dutta ChowdhuryGourab DasguptaDebayan DeKamakhya SinhaArindam Majumdar

Pratim DuttaSoumyadip NandySanjib DebBipasa MisraSuvendu SamantaVivek Kumar GuptaSoumik SenSourabh BasuSantu BagMilan Kumar MajiAnil KumarArindam MondalBiswajit HaldarMayank ChourasiaArindam DharaSantanu DebnathRitwik Maity

Department of Information TechnologyBablu MurmuSaurabh MondalAmritendu MondalRituparna DasAnkur MandalKanchan ChowdharyMithu DasSuman SarkarBhaskar BaruaDebashis DasSonali DuttaDebdatta NagMasiur RahamanSounak GuptaBiswajit DasMahul BhattacharyaRuchika DakaliaRajarshi De Sandip PalArindam GhoshPiyalee DasShouvik DasSk Jamal UddinSuchitra LamaSayantan Sarkar

86

REBECA 2009

Hirak SarkarAtanu SannigrahiAbhishek SahaAditi JainPriyanka GuptaSourya Joyee DeDebashri RoyAbhijit SamantaKapildeb KarmakarSomsundar DuttaDebanjan Roy ChowdhurySuman Kalyan HotaAnirban BiswasSouvik KumarDibyendu MandalRohit MalooShahnawaz AzmiPrasenjit Kumar MandalSandip BarnwalAmit Kumar KhatuaSaptarshi Kiran DattaReempa DattaAvishek ChakrabortySakyabrata DuttaTathagata KandarSudeshna Basu MallickTamal ChakrabortyRaju HazariSudipta SarkarSwati ShrivastavaRahul SahaAbhijit DebnathShri Prasenjit GhoshDebajyoty Banik

Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationEngineeringSuman MondalDulal Chandra MondalJolen MoktanMridul Chand SahaPrasanta HalderAnkita MajumdarTapas Kumar Dey

Saurav BiswasBipin Chandra MandiSourav GhoshSaptarshi GhoshSubhomoy SikdarDebashis BhattacharyaTapeswar PaulDipak SinghaSaroj Kumar SahuGourab SabuiGoutam RanaJayanta LahaAnkit PilaniaSaurav BhattacharyaAnup JanaSuman SarkarManiruzzamanVijay Bhaskar AletiSurojit GhoshDebasish KunduSain ShaikhArijit GhoshSoumya BoseSurajit ChatterjeeSaptarshi BhaumikNarendranath MajiRoshan ShawAnupam DuttaKushmanda SauravPartha Pratim PalAmit PaulSandip SikderPremu Sherpa

With Best Compliments From

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Kolkata


M/S. R. K. SahaGovt. Contractor & General Order Supliers

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Regent Electro-Mech Pvt. Ltd.

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Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur · 63 Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur the hole, it starts to feel ¶Tidal · gravitational forces. Before crossing