Benchmarking

• Benchmarking

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Marketing operations - Benchmarking & Best Practices

1 Benchmarking may be a one-off event, but is often treated as an

ongoing process in which organizations continually seek to

improve their practices.


Shared services - Benchmarking and measurement

1 In establishing and running a shared service, benchmarking and

measurement is considered by some as a necessity. Benchmarking is the

comparison of the service provision usually against best in class. The

measurement occurs by using agreed key performance indicators (KPIs).

Although the amount of KPIs chosen differs greatly it is generally accepted that fewer than 10 carefully chosen

KPIs will deliver the best results.


Shared services - Benchmarking and measurement

1 Benchmarking can be used to achieve

different goals including:


Information Security Forum - Benchmarking program

1 Organizations can participate in the Continuous Benchmarking service at any time and can use the tool to: assess their security performance across a range of different environments; compare their

security status against other organisations; and measure their

performance against the ISF's 2011 Standard of Good Practice, ISO/IEC

27002, and COBIT version 4.1.


Benchmarking

1 In the process of best practice benchmarking, management

identifies the best firms in their industry, or in another industry

where similar processes exist, and compares the results and processes of those studied (the "targets") to one's own results and processes


Benchmarking

1 Benchmarking is used to measure performance using a specific

indicator (cost per unit of measure, productivity per unit of measure,

cycle time of x per unit of measure or defects per unit of measure)

resulting in a metric of performance that is then compared to others.


Benchmarking

1 Benchmarking may be a one-off event, but is often treated as a

continuous process in which organizations continually seek to

improve their practices.


Benchmarking - Benefits and use

1 In 2008, a comprehensive survey on benchmarking was commissioned by The Global Benchmarking Network, a

network of benchmarking centers representing 22 countries. Over 450 organizations responded from over 40 countries. The results showed

that:



1 Mission and Vision Statements and Customer (Client) Surveys are the

most used (by 77% of organizations) of 20 improvement tools, followed by SWOT analysis (72%), and Informal Benchmarking (68%). Performance

Benchmarking was used by 49% and Best Practice Benchmarking by 39%.



1 The tools that are likely to increase in popularity the most over the next three years are Performance Benchmarking,

Informal Benchmarking, SWOT, and Best Practice Benchmarking. Over 60% of organizations that are not currently using these tools indicated they are likely to use them in the next three

years.


Benchmarking - Collaborative benchmarking

1 Another example is the UK construction industry which has

carried out benchmarking since the late 1990s again through its industry

association and with financial support from the UK Government.


Benchmarking - Procedure

1 Robert Camp (who wrote one of the earliest books on benchmarking in

1989) developed a 12-stage approach to benchmarking.



1 Identify problem areas: Because benchmarking can be applied to any business process or function, a range

of research techniques may be required



1 Visit the "best practice" companies to identify leading edge practices:

Companies typically agree to mutually exchange information

beneficial to all parties in a benchmarking group and share the

results within the group.


Benchmarking - Costs

1 Time Costs - Members of the benchmarking team will be investing time in researching problems, finding

exceptional companies to study, visits, and implementation. This will take them away from their regular

tasks for part of each day so additional staff might be required.



1 Benchmarking Database Costs - Organizations that institutionalize

benchmarking into their daily procedures find it is useful to create

and maintain a database of best practices and the companies

associated with each best practice now.



1 The cost of benchmarking can substantially be reduced through

utilizing the many internet resources that have sprung up over the last few

years. These aim to capture benchmarks and best practices from organizations, business sectors and

countries to make the benchmarking process much quicker and cheaper.


Benchmarking - Technical/product benchmarking

1 Its use is well-developed within the automotive industry ("automotive

benchmarking"), where it is vital to design products that match precise user expectations, at minimal cost, by applying the best technologies

available worldwide


Benchmarking - Types

1 Benchmarking can be internal (comparing performance between different groups or teams within an

organization) or external (comparing performance with companies in a specific

industry or across industries). Within these broader categories, there are three

specific types of benchmarking: 1) Process benchmarking, 2) Performance

benchmarking and 3) strategic benchmarking. These can be further

detailed as follows:



1 Process benchmarking - the initiating firm focuses its observation and

investigation of business processes with a goal of identifying and observing the

best practices from one or more benchmark firms. Activity analysis will be required where the objective is to

benchmark cost and efficiency; increasingly applied to back-office

processes where outsourcing may be a consideration.



1 Financial benchmarking - performing a financial analysis and comparing

the results in an effort to assess your overall competitiveness and

productivity.



1 Benchmarking from an investor perspective- extending the

benchmarking universe to also compare to peer companies that can be considered alternative investment opportunities from the perspective of

an investor.



1 Benchmarking in the public sector - functions as a tool for improvement

and innovation in public administration, where state

organizations invest efforts and resources to achieve quality,

efficiency and effectiveness of the services they provide.



1 Performance benchmarking - allows the initiator firm to assess their

competitive position by comparing products and services with those of

target firms.



1 Product benchmarking - the process of designing new products or

upgrades to current ones. This process can sometimes involve

reverse engineering which is taking apart competitors products to find

strengths and weaknesses.



1 Strategic benchmarking - involves observing how others compete. This type is usually not industry specific, meaning it is best to look at other

industries.



1 Functional benchmarking - a company will focus its benchmarking on a single function to improve the operation of

that particular function. Complex functions such as Human Resources,

Finance and Accounting and Information and Communication

Technology are unlikely to be directly comparable in cost and efficiency terms and may need to be disaggregated into processes to make valid comparison.



1 Best-in-class benchmarking - involves studying the leading

competitor or the company that best carries out a specific function.



1 Operational benchmarking - embraces everything from staffing and productivity to office flow and analysis of procedures performed.



1 Energy benchmarking - process of collecting, analysing and relating energy

performance data of comparable activities with the purpose of evaluating and comparing performance between or

within entities. Entities can include processes, buildings or companies.

Benchmarking may be internal between entities within a single organization, or - subject to confidentiality restrictions - external between competing entities.


Benchmarking - Tools

1 Benchmarking software can be used to organize large and complex amounts

of information. Software packages can extend the concept of benchmarking and competitive analysis by allowing individuals to handle such large and complex amounts or strategies. Such

tools support different types of benchmarking (see above) and can

reduce the above costs significantly.


Benchmarking - Metric benchmarking

1 Such benchmarking studies are used to create yardstick comparisons, allowing outsiders to evaluate the

performance of operators in an industry


Benchmarking - Metric benchmarking

1 One of the biggest challenges for metric benchmarking is the variety of metric definitions used among companies or divisions. Definitions may change over

time within the same organization due to changes in leadership and priorities. The most useful comparisons can be made when metrics definitions are common between compared units and do not

change so improvements can be verified.


United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - Benchmarking

1 An example of benchmarking is the UNFCCC's original target of Annex I

Parties limiting their greenhouse gas emissions at 1990 levels by the year

2000. Goldemberg et al. (1996)


United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - Benchmarking

1 Benchmarking has also been discussed in relation to the first-

round emissions targets specified in the Kyoto Protocol (see views on the

Kyoto Protocol and Kyoto Protocol and government action).


Forwarding plane - Benchmarking performance

1 In the Internet Engineering Task Force, two working groups in the Operations

Maintenance Area deal with aspects of performance. The Interprovider

Performance Measurement (IPPM) group focuses, as its name would suggest, on operational measurement of services. Performance measurements on single

routers, or narrowly defined systems of routers, are the province of the

Benchmarking Working Group (BMWG).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-benchmarking-toolkit.html

Forwarding plane - Benchmarking performance

1 RFC 2544 is the key BMWG document.[http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2544.txtBench

marking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices], RFC 2544, Scott Bradner|S. Bradner J. McQuade,March

1999 A classic RFC 2544 benchmark uses half the router's (i.e., the device under test (DUT)) ports for input of a defined

load, and measures the time at which the outputs appear at the output ports.


Phoronix - OpenBenchmarking.org

1 OpenBenchmarking.org is a new cloud based service created to work with the Phoronix Test Suite. It is a collaborative platform that allows users to share their hardware and software benchmarks through an

organized online interface.


Australian Public Service - Benchmarking the APS

1 In November 2009 KPMG published a report benchmarking Australian

Public Service performance against international public services


Homology modeling - Benchmarking

1 Continuously running experiments that do not have prediction 'seasons'

focus mainly on benchmarking publicly available webservers


CPU design - Performance analysis and benchmarking

1 benchmark (computing)|Benchmarking is a way of testing

CPU speed. Examples include SPECint and SPECfp, developed by Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation, and ConsumerMark

developed by the Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark

Consortium EEMBC.


Energy audit - Benchmarking

1 As mentioned before, benchmarking is also necessary to identify buildings presenting interesting energy saving

potential.


Energy audit - Benchmarking

1 An important issue in benchmarking is the use of performance indexes to characterize

the building.


Quacquarelli Symonds - Benchmarking

1 QS draws on the data collected for the QS World University Rankings

and other information which it gathers to offer a benchmarking

services to universities, comparing them with their peers.


Benchmarking (geolocating)

1 'Benchmarking' (also known as 'benchmark hunting') is a hobby activity in which participants find

Benchmark (surveying)|benchmarks (also known as survey markers or

geodetic control points)


Benchmarking (geolocating) - In the UK

1 In the United Kingdom, trigpointing is a recreational activity similar to benchmarking


List of benchmarking methods and software tools

1 Benchmarking requires the use of specific valuation methods. With

evaluation is meant the evaluation the level of achieving the target for a particular evaluation item. There are

general methods respectively approaches as well as IT-supported

software tools that enable an effective and efficient work.


List of benchmarking methods and software tools - Benchmarking methods

1 There are many benchmarking methods each having different

analytical focus. The methods are mostly known and will be shown in

the following summary.Peter Kairies: So analysieren Sie Ihre Konkurrenz. expert Verlag, Renningen 2001, 3-

8169-1977-4.


List of benchmarking methods and software tools - Benchmarking software tools

1 There are a number software tools that allow the support of different

kinds of Benchmarking|benchmarking types.


GFSI - Benchmarking

1 Within GFSI, benchmarking is a “procedure by which a food safety-related scheme is compared to the

GFSI Guidance Document.[http://www.mygfsi.com/gfsifiles/Guidance_Document_Sixth_Edition_Version_6.1.pdf GFSI Guidance

Document]”


GFSI - Benchmarking

1 GFSI therefore chose to go down the route of benchmarking, developing a model that determines equivalency

between existing food safety schemes, whilst leaving flexibility

and choice in the marketplace


GFSI - Benchmarking

1 Benchmarking and the GFSI Guidance

Document


GFSI - Benchmarking

1 This benchmarking model is based on the GFSI Guidance Document, a

multi-stakeholder document that was drafted with input from food safety experts from all over the world, and defines the process by which food

safety schemes may gain recognition by GFSI and gives guidance to these

schemes


E-services - Benchmarking

1 This theme also includes the international benchmarking of e-

government services (UN reports, EU reports); much critic has been targeting these reports being incomprehensive and useless


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Benchmarking