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Bellwork March 1, 2007Bellwork March 1, 2007
• Define the following words: Page 434Define the following words: Page 434– AtmosphereAtmosphere– TroposphereTroposphere– IonosphereIonosphere– Ultraviolet Radiation (U.V. Radiation)Ultraviolet Radiation (U.V. Radiation)– Ozone LayerOzone Layer– Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC’s)Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC’s)
Chapter 15:Chapter 15:Earth’s AtmosphereEarth’s Atmosphere
What is the Atmosphere?What is the Atmosphere?
• The atmosphere surrounds Earth and protects The atmosphere surrounds Earth and protects us by blocking out dangerous rays from the us by blocking out dangerous rays from the sun. sun.
• Is a mixture of gases that is layered and Is a mixture of gases that is layered and becomes thinner until it gradually reaches becomes thinner until it gradually reaches space.space.
• Insulates the Earth.Insulates the Earth.
• 78% Nitrogen78% Nitrogen
• 21% Oxygen21% Oxygen
• ~3% Water Vapor~3% Water Vapor
• 0.93% Argon0.93% Argon
• 0.04% Carbon Dioxide0.04% Carbon Dioxide
• trace amounts of other trace amounts of other gasesgases
Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere
Layers of the Layers of the AtmosphereAtmosphere
• Divided into five Divided into five different and different and distinct layers.distinct layers.
• Lower layers include Lower layers include the troposphere and the troposphere and stratospherestratosphere
• Upper layers are the Upper layers are the mesosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and thermosphere and exosphere.exosphere.
Page 436
Lower LayersLower Layers
• TroposphereTroposphere
• StratosphereStratosphere
TroposphereTroposphere
• Where we study, eat, Where we study, eat, sleep, and play.sleep, and play.
• Lowest of Earth’s Lowest of Earth’s atmospheric layers.atmospheric layers.
• Contains 99% of the Contains 99% of the water vapor and 75% of water vapor and 75% of atmospheric gases.atmospheric gases.
• Layer in which clouds Layer in which clouds and weather occur.and weather occur.
Stratosphere Stratosphere
• ~ 10 km (6mi) to 50 km ~ 10 km (6mi) to 50 km (30mi) above Earth’s (30mi) above Earth’s SurfaceSurface
• Contains Ozone (OContains Ozone (O33) )
LayerLayer
• Temperature increases Temperature increases with altitude.with altitude.
Upper LayersUpper Layers
• MesosphereMesosphere
• ThermosphereThermosphere
• ExosphereExosphere
Page 437
MesosphereMesosphere
• From Stratosphere to 80 From Stratosphere to 80 km (50mi) above km (50mi) above surface.surface.
• Temperature decreases Temperature decreases with altitude.with altitude.
• Layer in which most Layer in which most meteors will burn up.meteors will burn up.
IonosphereIonosphere
• Layer of electrically Layer of electrically charged particles.charged particles.
• Contained within Contained within the mesosphere the mesosphere and thermosphere.and thermosphere.
• Allows radio waves Allows radio waves to travel across the to travel across the country.country.
Pg 437
ThermosphereThermosphere
• Extends to from Extends to from mesosphere to 500kmmesosphere to 500km
• Contains the AurorasContains the Auroras• Thickest of the layersThickest of the layers• Temperature varies Temperature varies
greatly based on solar greatly based on solar energy. energy.
• Can heat up to 1,500°C Can heat up to 1,500°C or higher or higher
ExosphereExosphere
• Outermost layer Outermost layer extending to 800 km.extending to 800 km.
• Where satellites and Where satellites and shuttles orbit the Earth.shuttles orbit the Earth.
• Contains very few Contains very few moleculesmolecules
Ozone LayerOzone Layer
• Contained within the stratosphere.Contained within the stratosphere.
• It helps to protect us from the sun’s rays.It helps to protect us from the sun’s rays.
• Located 19-48 km above us.Located 19-48 km above us.
• Made of ozone (OMade of ozone (O33).).
• Destroyed by CFC’s.Destroyed by CFC’s.
• Hole in the ozone layer is increasing each Hole in the ozone layer is increasing each year.year.
• When the ozone layer disappears there will When the ozone layer disappears there will be more cases of skin cancer.be more cases of skin cancer.
Student’s Created
AssignmentAssignment
• Draw the layers of the atmosphere.Draw the layers of the atmosphere.
• Label each layer with the following:Label each layer with the following:– NameName
– Range (distance from Earth’s Surface)Range (distance from Earth’s Surface)
– CharacteristicsCharacteristics
– Temperature Range (Page 439)Temperature Range (Page 439)