Bellwork

• Define the first five terms on page 74.

European Policy of Land Ownership

• “Rights of discovery” meant “Finders Keepers”- the first nation to discover a region became legal owner

• What about the inhabitants of the land?– Considered chattel

• Why did they want the land?– Pawn of peace, spoil of war, bargaining tool

Louisiana Purchase• LaSalle (1682)- had claimed Louisiana for France

by claiming Miss. River & the land into which all its tributaries extended

• In 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte (leader of France) promises Spain he won’t sell Louisiana

• 1803- France sells Louisiana to US for $15 million– Napoleon sells it sacrificing imperialism for war– almost doubled the size of US at the time– “best real estate deal in history”- less than 3 cents/acre

Lewis & Clark

• First expedition commissioned by Pres. Jefferson– Jefferson wanted to establish boundaries ASAP– Concerned about Spanish on west coast

• Lewis & Clark commissioned to:– explore the Missouri River westward to source– find a passage across mountains in west– DID NOT COME INTO OKLAHOMA

Lewis & Clark

1804Explore Missouri River westwardPassage over Rockies

Explored to Pacific along NW U.S.Did not come into Oklahoma

1st expedition commissioned by Pres. JeffersonCorps of Discovery

Wilkinson1805-1807*1806

Follow Arkansas R. to its source

1st detailed records of OK

Christmas near Claremore

Pike1805-1807*1806

Explore upper Mississippi R.

Pike’s PeakSpanish take records

Suffered b/c of weatherHeld by Spanish until 1807

Sparks1806

Explore SW part of LA Purchase

Went up Mississippi R. to mouth of Red R.

Turned back by Spanish

Sibley 1811 Find “Salt Mountain” 1st official rec ofGreat Salt Plains

Geologist tell us was Great Salt Sea

1st Long 1817 Establish a fort in the “Far West”

Established Ft. Smith

2nd Long 1820 Followed Red River Followed Canadian RiverSupply issues, men take records

Between the 5 expeditions, he traveled 26,0002 of which were to Ft Smith

Bell 1820 Follow Arkansas River Reached Ft. Smith Thomas Say, zoology part of trip

Glenn 1821 Trading Expedition Crossed Osage Hills (NE OK) & followed Arkansas River westward

Lots of furs

Becknell 1821 Trading Expedition Crossed Panhandle

Cimarron County

Wilkinson & Pike• Also commissioned by Jefferson- 1st official

expedition into OK• Mission was to follow Arkansas River to its source• Accompanied by Osage & Pawnee Indians• Wilkinson (1806)

– 1st detailed records of OK; spend Xmas near Claremore

• Pike– Discovered Pike’s Peak– Escorted out of Spanish territory; Spanish kept records

Sparks Expedition• Started in New Orleans went up Miss. River to

mouth of Red River• Red River blocked (Great Raft)…land route• Turned back by Spanish soldiers, but he did reach

the edge of Oklahoma

Sibley & The Great Salt Plains

• 1811- Sibley searching for the “salt mountain”• Made the 1st official record of the site- geologists

say it had once been a great salt sea

First Long Expedition

• Stephen LONG• Purpose- to establish a fort in the far west• 1817- founded Fort Smith • 1st occupied by Rifle Regiment

Second Long Expedition (1820)• Long & Bell split up• Long- supposed to follow Red River

– supply shortage, men abandon expedition & take records w/ them

– Following wrong river! When discovered that they were following Canadian River & not Red River, they give up

• Bell- supposed to follow Arkansas River– Mission failed

• Failure not important…RECORDS left important!

Three Forks Area• (1817) Three Forks Trading Post established on Verdigris

River just north of present-day Muskogee• Location was EXTREMELY IMPORTANT

– This trading post was located where three major rivers joined- the Arkansas, Verdigris, & Grand

• Trappers & hunters used the trading post to stock up on supplies & sell furs.

• Osage brought their items (furs, fowl, wild honey, bear oil, buffalo robes) to trade as well.

• Items such as salt, lead, pecans, and grain were shipped out of this area when fur trade slowed down by the 1830s.

Trading Expeditions• 1821- Glenn, a trader (private expedition)

– crossed Osage Hills & followed Arkansas R westward

– Met Cheyenne, Kiowa, & Arapaho Tribes & established friendly trading relations

• 1821- Becknell– crossed Panhandle– left little knowledge, but opened up trade into area

Santa Fe Trail

Explorers in Oklahoma

Chouteau’s trading post was the hub of commerce in the early 1800s.

Explorers served several purposes

• 1st to meet & establish relations w/ natives• observed & recorded resources and locations• opened trade w/ western & southwestern tribes• observed lifestyles of the people they met• recorded weather & change of seasons• Due to their efforts- by 1830 many people

moving westward

Changing Boundaries

• Louisiana- largest single territory owned by US• “Oklahoma” becomes part of Territory of

Missouri (1812)• “Oklahoma” becomes part of Territory of

Arkansas (1819)• 1819- boundaries of LA Purchase established by

Adams-Onis Treaty

Adams-Onís Treaty A*K*ATranscontinental Treaty (1819)

• John Quincy Adams (Sec. Of State)• Luís de Onís (Rep. of Spain)• Solved 2 problems:

–Settlers wanted to purchase Florida from Spain b/c of problems with Seminole

–Spain wanted to establish the boundary b/t Mexico & LA Purchase before too many settlers moved in

Terms of Adams-Onís Treaty

• Boundary set at the western bank of the Sabine, Red, and Arkansas Rivers to the Continental Divide

• Spain gave up all claims to Oregon & Florida (Florida purchased for $5 million)

• Boundary b/t LA Purchase lands & Texas territory was extremely favorable to US