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BELL RINGER
1)Who was George Danton?
2)Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
3)What was the Reign of Terror?
4)How did Napoleon come to power?
Chapter 11
The Rise of Napoleon
Rise of Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte dominated European history from 1799 to 1815.
Born in 1769 on the island of Corsica.
Where?
He was self educated in philosophy and great military campaigns.
At the age of 25, he became brigadier general.
He won a series of victories in Italy.
Napoleon
He returned to France as a conquering hero.
By 1799 he was in Paris.Guess what?1799 - he took part in the coup
d’etat to overthrow the Gov’t.
Held absolute power
First Consul
New Gov’t consulate
Consul for lifeEmperor Napoleon I
Napoleon’s Domestic Policies
Napoleon made an agreement with the pope to recognize Catholicism as the religion of France.
Most famous achievement: codifying French laws.
Before - France had up to 300 separate legal systems.
Civil Code(Napoleonic Code)
Equality before the law Choose a profession
Religious tolerance Ended serfdom and feudalism
Outlawed unions and strikes
Napoleon’s Empire
Napoleon's conquest began after he reached power.
Between 1805 and 1807, Napoleon’s Grand Army defeated the Austrian, Russian, and Prussian Armies.
Grand Empire had three parts:
French Empire
Dependent States
Allied States
France
Napoleon’s relatives: Spain, Holland, Italy, and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw.
Defeated forces: Prussia, Austria, Russia, and Sweden.
European Response
Two causes of the quick collapse of Napoleon’s Empire.
1. 2.Survival of Great Britain. Nationalism
Britain survived by its sea power. Nationalism became more prevalent
Napoleon’s presence in many European countries.
Nationalism: the cultural identity of people based on common language, religion, and national symbols.
French nationalism showed other countries what a nation in arms could do.
Fall of Napoleon
Napoleon’s fall began with his invasion of Russia.
In 1812, the Grand Army of over 600,000 men entered Russia.
What happened to his men?
That’s correct!!!!
They froze
Burrrrrrrrrrrrrr!
Napoleon's tour of Russia!!!!!!!!!
Russians would not fight but they kept retreating.
In their retreat they burned villages, and even Moscow.
They tried to slow France’s advance by denying them food and supplies.
When Napoleon finally made it to Moscow, it was deserted.
“Great Retreat”
Napoleon had to turn around march back to Europe {Poland}.
Before the March: 600,000 men.
When he made it to Poland: 40,000 men.
Napoleon lost 560,000 men
Napoleon’s collapse Other European countries rose to fight
the battered French army. Paris was captured in 1814 and
Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba.
His Home
Louis XVIII (Louis XVI’s brother) was restored.
Bourbon monarchy is back on the throne.
The King had little power.
Napoleon escaped
Battle of Waterloo
European powers met Napoleon at Waterloo in Belgium in 1815.
Napoleon was defeated by Duke of Wellington
– {He had a combined British and Prussian army}.
He was exiled to St. Helena, a small island in the south Atlantic.
Napoleon's power was ended.
Island of St. Helena
Review
How did Napoleon come to power?What was some of his domestic
policies?How did Napoleon lose so much
power?How was Napoleon finally defeated?
