Bell Ringer – 10/28m.socrative.com – Room 38178 OR Bell Ringer Card

QUESTION: In the next unit, I would

like to try using your devices in some new and creative ways. But first I need to know what you have. Answer the following question honestly.

Which of the following best describes your device?

Ipad Kindle Fire Tablet other than an

Ipad or Kindle Laptop only Smart phone only

Front of the Class

The Baroque PeriodNEW TAB in your binder!

Introduction & Art

Introduction to the Baroque Period

Generally, the late 1500s through the mid to late 1600s

Started with the Scientific Revolution Francis Bacon Galileo Galilei Johannes Kepler Rene Descartes Isaac Newton

The Scientific Revolution

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Knowledge = power Knowledge comes with understanding the natural world Developed the Scientific Method

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Established a mathematical approach to discovery Built the first astronomical telescope Observed the mountains on the moon, sunspots, the rings of Saturn, the

moons of Jupiter, and the composition of the Milky Way The church OBJECTED his conclusions and experiments and arrested him in

1633. Under threat of torture, he recanted his discoveries.

The Scientific Revolution

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Three laws of planetary motion (what keeps planets in orbit) Confirmed that the solar system was organized by mathematically

determined relationships

Rene Descarte (1596-1650) Experimental methods led to knowledge Studied matter and how it occupied time and space “I think, therefore I am.” Solve problems by starting with the simplest and moving to the complex

The Scientific Revolution

Isaac Netwon (1642-1727) Basically discovered gravity 3 Laws of motion Effectively separated science from theology

Philosophy

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Believed that humans were driven by the fear of death and the quest for

power Argued for one ruler over the people Wrote the Leviathan

John Locke (1632-1704) Locke believed that humankind was good and that humans were capable of

governing themselves Believed in “self-government” People deserved the right to choose their leaders (believed in a government similar to what the United States would soon be

found on)

History – The Reformation

People (such as Martin Luther) turned against the Catholic church and formed new religions like Protestantism and Lutheranism

The Catholic church, in turn, had its own reformation in response A sort of “rebirth” of the Catholic church No longer about spending lavishly, selling indulgences, etc.

The desire for a more spiritual, more relevant, and less worldy religion affected Catholic and Protestant alike The gap between the two groups widened in the 1550s, attitudes became

more entrenched, open conflict occurred, and differences were emphasized Doctrine was created and made as clear as possible

History – The Reformation

The reformation of the Catholic church depended on a change in the papacy

Pope Paul III came to the rescue

Created the Council of Trent – met off and on for 20 years in the 1540s, 1550s, and 1560s to review doctrine Built of bishops and theologians

The Catholic Reformation strengthened the clergy and bishops so that they had more leadership

History – The Reformation

Protestants put individual conscience and the Bible first; Catholics insisted that conscience and the Scriptures must be interpreted first by the church

Lots of religious based wars at this time. Height of violence was between 1560 and 1600

Protestant mobs vandalized Catholic cathedrals, tortured and burned at the stake anyone deemed heretical

Martin Luther approved of the execution of extremist Anabaptists

The ended when the Protestants and Catholics ultimately burnt themselves out

Baroque PaintingCaravaggio, Rembrandt, & Vermeer

Painting Introduction

Adopted systematic and rational composition

Ornamentation was unified through variation on a single theme

Realism was the main subject of a painting

Color was emphasized, as was the dramatic use of light and shade

Painting Introduction

Open compositions – eyes travel off the canvas to a wider reality

Intensely active compositions that emphasized feeling rather than form, and emotion rather than intellect

Artworks do NOT conform to a simple mold

Painting Introduction

Glorified the church and religious sentiment, both Catholic and Protestant

Portrayed the magnificence of secular wealth

Each artists sought to establish their own personal style

Style spread rapidly throughout the continent

1600-1725 – visual art period

Caravaggio

1569-1609 Roman

He was jailed on several occasions, vandalized his own apartment, and ultimately had a death warrant issued for him by the Pope In 1606 he killed a young man in a brawl and fled from Rome Involved in several brawls across Italy He died at the age of 38 under mysterious circumstances (supposedly a fever,

his enemies very well may have killed him.)

Caravaggio

Chiaroscuro – shift from light to dark with little intermediate value; fixed the subject in a blinding stripe of light

Worked at a great speed from live models

Had a noteworthy ability to express in one scene of unsurpassed vividness the passing of a crucial moment

Caravaggio

Famous while alive, but almost immediately forgotten about when he died

In the 20th century, his importance to art was rediscovered

Caravaggio – The Calling of St. Matthew

Caravaggio –The Calling of St. Matthew Highlight and shadow

create a dramatic portrayal of the moment when the future apostle is touched by divine grace

Religious subject depicted in contemporary terms

Caravaggio –The Calling of St. Matthew Expresses one of the

central themes of Catholic-Reformation: that faith and grace are open to all and that spiritual understanding is a personal, and overpowering, emotional experience

Caravaggio – The Death of the Virgin

Caravaggio – The Death of the Virgin

The painter depicts real, almost common people, rather than idealized figures

Shows the corpse of the Virgin Mary, surrounded by the mourning disciples and friends of Christ

A harsh light streams across the work, emphasizing the figure of the Virgin and creating dynamic broken patterns of light and shade

Caravaggio – Other Artworks

The Crucifixion of St. Peter

The Entombment of Christ

Caravaggio – Other Artworks

Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence Was stolen from its frame in

October 1969 Estimated value - $20 million

Rembrandt

1606-1669

Reflected the visions and objectives of the new and wealthy middle class Created both religious and secular artworks in this manner

Artwork is by, for, and about the middle class

The first “capitalist” artist To him, the quality of art could be gauged by its value on the open market

Rembrandt

Delivered the depths of human emotion and psychology in the most dramatic terms

Rembrandt uses suggestion rather than great detail

Atmosphere, shadow, and implication create emotion

Produced over 600 paintings, nearly 400 etchings, and 2,000 drawings

Rembrandt – The Descent from the Cross

Rembrandt – The Descent from the Cross Uses reds, golds, and red-

browns (associated with richness)

Forms are evident through the changes in value

Open composition – lines escape the frame Left arm of the cross is off the

page

Rembrandt – The Descent from the Cross A strong central triangle holds

the composition together

Chiaroscuro – Chris is much brighter than everything around him

Rembrandt – The Night Watch

Rembrandt – The Night Watch

Group portrait of a military unit

Portrayed on duty (not common practice)

A scene of great vigor and dramatic intensity

Presents a celebration of chaos

Rembrandt – The Night Watch

Some figures fade into the shadows

Other figures are hidden by the gestures of those placed in front of them

Light is used for dramatic purposes only (no natural light source)

The viewer is invited to share in an emotional experience, rather than observe it

Rembrandt – Other ArtworksThe Abduction of Europa

Rembrandt – Other ArtworksThe Storm on the Sea of Galilee

Depicts the miracle of Jesus calming the storm on the Sea of Galilee

Was stolen in 1990

Rembrandt’s only seascape

Vermeer

1632-1675

Masterful control of light and shade

Takes chiaroscuro and develops strong value contrasts that are emotional and compositional as well.

Mostly secular works

Vermeer – The Girl with the Red Hat

Highlights establish a basic compositional triangle extending from the shoulder to cheek, down to the hand, and across the sleeve back to the shoulder.

A red flare encircles the subject’s face with a feathery halo Draws our attention NOT to the

hat, but to the eyes and mouth

Vermeer – Girl with the Pearl Earring

Most famous work

The pearl earring is the focal point

The dark background was initially green

Baroque Sculpture

Baroque Sculpture

Forms and space were charged with energy

Sculpture directed the viewer’s vision and inward and invited participation rather than observation

Feeling was the focus

Treated space like a painting – meant to describe a SCENE rather than a single form

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

1598-1680

Sculptor, Architect, and Stage Designer

Created the Baroque style in sculpture

Considered the setting figures were situated in

Mostly religious works

Gian Lorenzo Bernini - David

Power and Action

Curls to unleash the stone from his sling (to hit Goliath)

Goliath is outside the sculpture itself – “open” Viewer is propelled outward

because of his concentrated expression

Gian Lorenzo Bernini - David

The viewer participates emotionally and feels the drama

Seems to flex and contract with the action – as opposed to Michelangelo’s giant still version

Gian Lorenzo Bernini – Ecstasy of St. Theresa Represents an experience

described by St. Theresa – an angel pierced her heart with a golden flaming arrow

“The pain was so great that I screamed aloud; but at the same time I felt such infinite sweetness that I wished the pain to last forever.”

Gian Lorenzo Bernini – Ecstasy of St. Theresa 11 feet tall

Every aspect of the work suggests motion

Draperies are hit by an imaginary wind

Forces the viewer’s involvement in an overwhelming emotional and religious experience