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Monotheism• The belief in one God
• Ex. Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Polytheism• The belief in many
gods
• Ex. Ancient Egypt, Hinduism
ReligionsReligions
•The Hebrews founded Judaism , the oldest known monotheistic religion
•Sacred text: Torah (Christian Old Testament)
•Basic teachings: Ten Commandments- the Hebrew code of laws
Holy City: Jerusalem
• Founder: Jesus of Nazareth
• Holy City: Jerusalem• Sacred text: Christian
Bible (Old Testament and New Testament)
• Monotheistic• Practices: Seven
sacraments
• Christian Churches divide numerous times
• Major churches: Roman Catholic (headed by Pope), Eastern Orthodox, Protestant Faiths (Lutheran, Calvinist, Church of England)
•Founder: Prophet Muhammad (6th Century AD)
•Sacred text: Qur’an (Koran)
•Monotheistic: One God (Allah- means God in Arabic)
•Basic teachings: 5 pillars
• Divisions: Sunni and Shiah
Holy Cities: Mecca (Makkah), Medina, Jerusalem
POLYTHEISTIC
No Single Founder
Holy books: Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, Mahabarata
Reincarnation- rebirth of one’s soul
Beliefs: Karma- all the good and bad deeds done in one’s lifeDharma- duties one must fulfill in lifeMoksha- union with Brahman at the end of life cycle
Caste system- rigid social class system based on birth
Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) 500’s BC
No Single God- believe in universal spirit
Basic teachings:
Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path
Beliefs: Karma
Reincarnation
Ahimsa- nonviolence to all living things
Nirvana- release from the cycle of rebirth
Founder-There is no one person Geographic Origin- Africa
Significant Writings- Animism has an oral tradition of story-telling, rather than a developed writing system.
Places of Worship-Animist rituals tend to take place outdoors in nature.
Teachings and Beliefs- Animists practice nature worship. They believe that everything in the universe has a spirit.
Founder: Confucius 500’s BC
Text: The Analects
Beliefs: Filial Piety- respect for parents and elders
5 relationships: guide conduct in all interactions in family and society