Behavior modification6th Class

Shaping, chaining

Techniques for increasing frequency of behavior

•Shaping•Chaining•Prompting

Cat and toilet

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1edDfzluXE

How would you train the cat to use your toilet?

Shaping

•Reinforcement of successive approximation of a target behavior.

•We look for any behavior that resembles the desired behavior or takes the person closer to it.

Shaping

Hot and cold

Application• Training of animals

• Feedback when learning new skills (exercise – somebody shows something and people propose shaping feedback)

• Management of people (counting hours for tasks - f, slow presentations - m)

• Sport Training (Timothy Gallwey – video?)

Performance curve

Long-term average

Time

Perfor-mance

Example: TennisBuzas, Aylon, 1981 Correct execution of tennis skills (%)

Timothy Gallwey – Inner game

•Performace = potential – interference

• Interference - critics, fear from failure, past experience of failure

•Person can overcome the interference by full focus/attention on some variable/aspect of action

Video

•http://vimeo.com/6152948

Shaping Feedback

Poi

Chaining• Reinforcement of successive elements of a

behavior chain• Behavior chain – sequence of related behaviors,

each of which provides the cue for the next and the last produces s reinforcer▫E.g.tying shoes, going to school..

Types of chaining

•Forward chaining

•Backward chaining

antidisestablishmentarianism

Now try reading this

Rules for chaining

•Define the target behavior▫As a chain! – you must know in advance

what sequence you will be dealing with

•Reinforce successive elements of the chain

•Monitor results

Shaping Feedback

Poi 2

Prompting and fading

•Prompting ▫ Providing antecedents that evoke a target

behavior

•Fading▫ Gradually reducing the strength of a

prompt

Types of prompting

•Verbal•Physical•Gestural•Modeling•Environmental

Rules for prompting and fading

•Define the target behavior

•Identify the suitable prompts

•Prompt reinforce and fade

•Monitor results

Discussion[The end of the today's class]