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Behavior Therapy
Dr Azizah OthmanDepartment of Pediatric Psychological Medicine - Year 3December 2010
Aim To answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques Role of behavior therapist Strengths amp Weaknesses
Insight- vs Action-OrientedApproaches
Approach Insight Action-orientedEmphasis self-awareness and
understandingrelief of symptoms
Primary medium
verbal intervention amp processing
action with verbal processing
Attention therapeutic relationship process interpretation insight
objective scientific behavioral interventions and outcome measures
Therapist nondirective active amp directive
Common elements of behavioral approaches
1 Emphasizes on the present (x past)2 Gives attention ndash to change specific
dysfunctional behaviors3 Rely on research - in developing and testing
interventions4 Consider principles of learning ndash to develop
and treat dysfunctional behaviors5 Treatment outcomes ndash carefully measured6 Matches specific treatments to particular
presenting problems
Spielger amp Guevermont 1998
Behavior Therapy
How do psychological problems arise- All behaviors are the result of learning
Behavior is a product of learning No matter how pathological clientrsquos behavior
may be it is the result of past learning and conditioning
What has been learned can be unlearned Same learning principles that apply to learning
maladaptive behavior can be used to get rid of it
Behavior Therapy
Three primary types of behavior problems
1048708 Behavioral Excess1048708 Behavioral Deficits1048708 Inappropriatemaladaptive behavior
Goals of Behavior Therapy
1 Create new condition of learning 2 Client and therapist work
collaboratively to specify treatment goals
- Goals must be specific and measurable
Behavior Therapy Techniques
Relaxation techniques Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Relaxation Techniques
Many different kinds Meditation breathing exercises counting backwards visualization
Used in combination with other behavioral techniques Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Jacobson
1938) person learns how to tense and relax muscle
groups Therefore can identify tension before it
becomes a problem and reduce it independently
Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Use to reduce clientrsquos anxiety There are a series of steps of
conducting systematic desensitization
Systematic Desensitization - Steps
1 Teach the client to relax2 Create a hierarchy of anxiety-
provoking situations from least feared to most feared
3 Combine the relaxation techniques with the hierarchal list beginning with the least feared to the most Client tries to work though the hierarchy learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Aim To answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques Role of behavior therapist Strengths amp Weaknesses
Insight- vs Action-OrientedApproaches
Approach Insight Action-orientedEmphasis self-awareness and
understandingrelief of symptoms
Primary medium
verbal intervention amp processing
action with verbal processing
Attention therapeutic relationship process interpretation insight
objective scientific behavioral interventions and outcome measures
Therapist nondirective active amp directive
Common elements of behavioral approaches
1 Emphasizes on the present (x past)2 Gives attention ndash to change specific
dysfunctional behaviors3 Rely on research - in developing and testing
interventions4 Consider principles of learning ndash to develop
and treat dysfunctional behaviors5 Treatment outcomes ndash carefully measured6 Matches specific treatments to particular
presenting problems
Spielger amp Guevermont 1998
Behavior Therapy
How do psychological problems arise- All behaviors are the result of learning
Behavior is a product of learning No matter how pathological clientrsquos behavior
may be it is the result of past learning and conditioning
What has been learned can be unlearned Same learning principles that apply to learning
maladaptive behavior can be used to get rid of it
Behavior Therapy
Three primary types of behavior problems
1048708 Behavioral Excess1048708 Behavioral Deficits1048708 Inappropriatemaladaptive behavior
Goals of Behavior Therapy
1 Create new condition of learning 2 Client and therapist work
collaboratively to specify treatment goals
- Goals must be specific and measurable
Behavior Therapy Techniques
Relaxation techniques Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Relaxation Techniques
Many different kinds Meditation breathing exercises counting backwards visualization
Used in combination with other behavioral techniques Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Jacobson
1938) person learns how to tense and relax muscle
groups Therefore can identify tension before it
becomes a problem and reduce it independently
Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Use to reduce clientrsquos anxiety There are a series of steps of
conducting systematic desensitization
Systematic Desensitization - Steps
1 Teach the client to relax2 Create a hierarchy of anxiety-
provoking situations from least feared to most feared
3 Combine the relaxation techniques with the hierarchal list beginning with the least feared to the most Client tries to work though the hierarchy learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Insight- vs Action-OrientedApproaches
Approach Insight Action-orientedEmphasis self-awareness and
understandingrelief of symptoms
Primary medium
verbal intervention amp processing
action with verbal processing
Attention therapeutic relationship process interpretation insight
objective scientific behavioral interventions and outcome measures
Therapist nondirective active amp directive
Common elements of behavioral approaches
1 Emphasizes on the present (x past)2 Gives attention ndash to change specific
dysfunctional behaviors3 Rely on research - in developing and testing
interventions4 Consider principles of learning ndash to develop
and treat dysfunctional behaviors5 Treatment outcomes ndash carefully measured6 Matches specific treatments to particular
presenting problems
Spielger amp Guevermont 1998
Behavior Therapy
How do psychological problems arise- All behaviors are the result of learning
Behavior is a product of learning No matter how pathological clientrsquos behavior
may be it is the result of past learning and conditioning
What has been learned can be unlearned Same learning principles that apply to learning
maladaptive behavior can be used to get rid of it
Behavior Therapy
Three primary types of behavior problems
1048708 Behavioral Excess1048708 Behavioral Deficits1048708 Inappropriatemaladaptive behavior
Goals of Behavior Therapy
1 Create new condition of learning 2 Client and therapist work
collaboratively to specify treatment goals
- Goals must be specific and measurable
Behavior Therapy Techniques
Relaxation techniques Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Relaxation Techniques
Many different kinds Meditation breathing exercises counting backwards visualization
Used in combination with other behavioral techniques Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Jacobson
1938) person learns how to tense and relax muscle
groups Therefore can identify tension before it
becomes a problem and reduce it independently
Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Use to reduce clientrsquos anxiety There are a series of steps of
conducting systematic desensitization
Systematic Desensitization - Steps
1 Teach the client to relax2 Create a hierarchy of anxiety-
provoking situations from least feared to most feared
3 Combine the relaxation techniques with the hierarchal list beginning with the least feared to the most Client tries to work though the hierarchy learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Common elements of behavioral approaches
1 Emphasizes on the present (x past)2 Gives attention ndash to change specific
dysfunctional behaviors3 Rely on research - in developing and testing
interventions4 Consider principles of learning ndash to develop
and treat dysfunctional behaviors5 Treatment outcomes ndash carefully measured6 Matches specific treatments to particular
presenting problems
Spielger amp Guevermont 1998
Behavior Therapy
How do psychological problems arise- All behaviors are the result of learning
Behavior is a product of learning No matter how pathological clientrsquos behavior
may be it is the result of past learning and conditioning
What has been learned can be unlearned Same learning principles that apply to learning
maladaptive behavior can be used to get rid of it
Behavior Therapy
Three primary types of behavior problems
1048708 Behavioral Excess1048708 Behavioral Deficits1048708 Inappropriatemaladaptive behavior
Goals of Behavior Therapy
1 Create new condition of learning 2 Client and therapist work
collaboratively to specify treatment goals
- Goals must be specific and measurable
Behavior Therapy Techniques
Relaxation techniques Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Relaxation Techniques
Many different kinds Meditation breathing exercises counting backwards visualization
Used in combination with other behavioral techniques Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Jacobson
1938) person learns how to tense and relax muscle
groups Therefore can identify tension before it
becomes a problem and reduce it independently
Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Use to reduce clientrsquos anxiety There are a series of steps of
conducting systematic desensitization
Systematic Desensitization - Steps
1 Teach the client to relax2 Create a hierarchy of anxiety-
provoking situations from least feared to most feared
3 Combine the relaxation techniques with the hierarchal list beginning with the least feared to the most Client tries to work though the hierarchy learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Behavior Therapy
How do psychological problems arise- All behaviors are the result of learning
Behavior is a product of learning No matter how pathological clientrsquos behavior
may be it is the result of past learning and conditioning
What has been learned can be unlearned Same learning principles that apply to learning
maladaptive behavior can be used to get rid of it
Behavior Therapy
Three primary types of behavior problems
1048708 Behavioral Excess1048708 Behavioral Deficits1048708 Inappropriatemaladaptive behavior
Goals of Behavior Therapy
1 Create new condition of learning 2 Client and therapist work
collaboratively to specify treatment goals
- Goals must be specific and measurable
Behavior Therapy Techniques
Relaxation techniques Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Relaxation Techniques
Many different kinds Meditation breathing exercises counting backwards visualization
Used in combination with other behavioral techniques Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Jacobson
1938) person learns how to tense and relax muscle
groups Therefore can identify tension before it
becomes a problem and reduce it independently
Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Use to reduce clientrsquos anxiety There are a series of steps of
conducting systematic desensitization
Systematic Desensitization - Steps
1 Teach the client to relax2 Create a hierarchy of anxiety-
provoking situations from least feared to most feared
3 Combine the relaxation techniques with the hierarchal list beginning with the least feared to the most Client tries to work though the hierarchy learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Behavior Therapy
Three primary types of behavior problems
1048708 Behavioral Excess1048708 Behavioral Deficits1048708 Inappropriatemaladaptive behavior
Goals of Behavior Therapy
1 Create new condition of learning 2 Client and therapist work
collaboratively to specify treatment goals
- Goals must be specific and measurable
Behavior Therapy Techniques
Relaxation techniques Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Relaxation Techniques
Many different kinds Meditation breathing exercises counting backwards visualization
Used in combination with other behavioral techniques Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Jacobson
1938) person learns how to tense and relax muscle
groups Therefore can identify tension before it
becomes a problem and reduce it independently
Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Use to reduce clientrsquos anxiety There are a series of steps of
conducting systematic desensitization
Systematic Desensitization - Steps
1 Teach the client to relax2 Create a hierarchy of anxiety-
provoking situations from least feared to most feared
3 Combine the relaxation techniques with the hierarchal list beginning with the least feared to the most Client tries to work though the hierarchy learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Goals of Behavior Therapy
1 Create new condition of learning 2 Client and therapist work
collaboratively to specify treatment goals
- Goals must be specific and measurable
Behavior Therapy Techniques
Relaxation techniques Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Relaxation Techniques
Many different kinds Meditation breathing exercises counting backwards visualization
Used in combination with other behavioral techniques Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Jacobson
1938) person learns how to tense and relax muscle
groups Therefore can identify tension before it
becomes a problem and reduce it independently
Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Use to reduce clientrsquos anxiety There are a series of steps of
conducting systematic desensitization
Systematic Desensitization - Steps
1 Teach the client to relax2 Create a hierarchy of anxiety-
provoking situations from least feared to most feared
3 Combine the relaxation techniques with the hierarchal list beginning with the least feared to the most Client tries to work though the hierarchy learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Behavior Therapy Techniques
Relaxation techniques Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Relaxation Techniques
Many different kinds Meditation breathing exercises counting backwards visualization
Used in combination with other behavioral techniques Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Jacobson
1938) person learns how to tense and relax muscle
groups Therefore can identify tension before it
becomes a problem and reduce it independently
Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Use to reduce clientrsquos anxiety There are a series of steps of
conducting systematic desensitization
Systematic Desensitization - Steps
1 Teach the client to relax2 Create a hierarchy of anxiety-
provoking situations from least feared to most feared
3 Combine the relaxation techniques with the hierarchal list beginning with the least feared to the most Client tries to work though the hierarchy learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Relaxation Techniques
Many different kinds Meditation breathing exercises counting backwards visualization
Used in combination with other behavioral techniques Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Jacobson
1938) person learns how to tense and relax muscle
groups Therefore can identify tension before it
becomes a problem and reduce it independently
Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Use to reduce clientrsquos anxiety There are a series of steps of
conducting systematic desensitization
Systematic Desensitization - Steps
1 Teach the client to relax2 Create a hierarchy of anxiety-
provoking situations from least feared to most feared
3 Combine the relaxation techniques with the hierarchal list beginning with the least feared to the most Client tries to work though the hierarchy learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Use to reduce clientrsquos anxiety There are a series of steps of
conducting systematic desensitization
Systematic Desensitization - Steps
1 Teach the client to relax2 Create a hierarchy of anxiety-
provoking situations from least feared to most feared
3 Combine the relaxation techniques with the hierarchal list beginning with the least feared to the most Client tries to work though the hierarchy learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Systematic Desensitization - Steps
1 Teach the client to relax2 Create a hierarchy of anxiety-
provoking situations from least feared to most feared
3 Combine the relaxation techniques with the hierarchal list beginning with the least feared to the most Client tries to work though the hierarchy learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Systematic Desensitization
Maybe conducted with imaginal phobic stimuli or with actual stimuli (in vivo)
The principle at work is simple Anxiety and relaxation are incompatible Trick is to recondition people so that the
stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety
The techniques effectiveness eliminating specific anxieties has been well documented
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Spider Phobia
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Aversion Therapy
Most controversial of behavior therapies
Often consider treatment of last resort Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used
to decrease the probability of unwanted behaviors
Eg Drug abuse alcoholism overeating smoking disturbing sexual practices)
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Aversion Therapy
Alcohol is paired with a chemical that causes nausea and vomiting
Straightforward classical conditioning
+= =
==
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Flooding
Prolonged and intensive exposure to feared stimuli
Treatment of phobias mostly Steps
Client touch amp remain in contact until the fear contaminated
Use either top or lowest in hierarchy Exposure should not be terminated while client
still anxious because it would reinforce avoidance behavior
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Flooding Eat dinner in a crowded restaurant Sit in a room full of mouse (mouse phobia)
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Positive Reinforcement^
To strengthen adaptive behavior Modifies a behavior by controlling its
consequences Types of PR contingency
management Shaping Time out Contingency contracting Response cost Token economy
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Positive reinforcement^
Token economy - Method1 Identify target behavior (want to
increase)2 Specify how many tokens for how
many and what kinds of behavior3 Set the exchange rules for the token
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Extinction ^
Method1 Find out what reinforces undesirable
behavior2 Take baseline measures3 Stop proving the reinforcer4 Expect lsquoa burst of responsesrsquo initially
The Nanny
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Punishment^
Steps1 Identify the undesirable behaviors2 Take baseline measures3 Introduce punishment AFTER EACH
TIME behaviors occurs4 Example of punisher Electro-shock
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Social Skills Training
Aim to improve inter-personal skills (Use in tx of depression anxiety
antisocial amp delinquent behavior schizophrenia social withdrawal amp isolation often with children amp adolescents individual amp group)
Making conversation engage in interpersonal problem-solving respond to emotional provocations
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Social Skills Training
Modeling Client encouraged to watch socially skilled
friends (eye contact active listening) Behavioral Rehearsal
Client tries to practice social techniques in structured role-playing exercises
Shaping Clients are gradually asked to handle
more complicated and delicate social situations
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Social Skills Training
Assertion training ndash Steps (1) define assertiveness aggressive passive (2) define clientrsquos rights amp rights of others (3) identify amp eliminate cognitive obstacles (4) practice assertive behavior
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Biofeedback
Behavioral method to control heart rate blood pressure muscle tension amp other physiological responses
Special equipment that monitor the target response amp to give the client feedback about its intensity or frequency in the form of a meter reading graph or auditory signal
HBP migraine headache stomach problem irregular heart beat etc
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Can answer these questions
Behavior (Action) Vs Insight Therapy Elements of behavioral approaches Behavior therapy amp learning Goals of BT Various techniques
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Wrap-up - BT
Approach Learning amp action-oriented empirical here-and-now symptoms removal measurable active amp directive
All behaviors are learned and can be unlearned
No minimal emphasis on thoughts feelings and childhood events
Various techniques
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Wrap up - Techniques
Relaxation Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Exposure flooding Token economy (positive reinforcement)^ Extinction (punishment)^ Social Skills Training
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Behavior Therapist Roles
Serves as a consultant problem solvercoach and educator
Directive and activeModels desirable behaviorCollaborative relationship but
therapist is expert
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Strengths
Strong empirical tradition and evidence
Specific problems are identified and attacked Forces client to be explicit about goals Can be used with a variety of populations (child adolescents
adults)
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Weaknesses
Does not address broader human problems (ie life purposes death) Does not integrate past Therapists can manipulate Difficult with certain groups May not emphasize the role of
feelings enough
Thank you
Thank you
![· Aaron T. Beck Cognitive Behavior Therapy 100 âQUfiU (Cognitive Therapy) (Cognition) vnt]thðlå' 2 Cognitive Behavior Therapy nuntJQ{ Cognitive Behavior Therapy CEItJQtnnuCLâŸnu](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/5e95f62359195604315efd8a/aaron-t-beck-cognitive-behavior-therapy-100-qufiu-cognitive-therapy-cognition.jpg)
