Beer Buildings By Design - Efficiency Vermont · All About Windows 1 Beer Buildings By Design February 4, 2016 Mike Duclos, Principal, DEAP Energy Group, LLC [email protected]

AllAboutWindows

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Be1erBuildingsByDesign

February4,2016MikeDuclos,Principal,DEAPEnergyGroup,LLC

[email protected]

LearningObjecPves•  Learnaboutthecomponentsandstrategiesusedinthedesignofhigh

performancewindows.

•  LearnthedifferencesinUSandEuropeanwindowperformancespecificaPonsystems

•  LearnthestrategiesusedbypassivebuildingdesignersinapplyingwindowstomeetthechallengeoftheSpaceHeatDemandcriteriainsmall,coldclimatepassivebuildings

•  Learntheimpactoffloor-planningandwindowselecPonbyexaminingactualdatafromhomeswithnoheaPngsystemoperaPnginwinter

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Agenda•  IntroducPon

•  Windowsandheattransfer,windowcomponents•  How,andhowwell,dowindowswork?•  Usingwindows-designdecisions&impacts

AskquesPonsastheyoccur

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ThomasStetsondoubleglasspatent–1895

5.

ConsideraPons

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•  AnnualSpaceHeaPngDemandincoldclimatePH•  MinimizespaceheaPngmechanicals•  MinimizeoreliminatespaceheatdistribuPonsystem•  Passivesurvivability•  Shadingtoexcludeundesiredsolargains•  LowerconvecPondracvelocityandcomfort•  InstallaPonairsealingreducesdracs,airinfiltraPon•  InstallaPondesigncanreducethermalbridging•  Windowover-insulaPoncanreduceinsulaPonforSHD•  VenPlaPon–sufficient,cansecurewhenunoccupied?

ConsideraPons-2

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•  Expensivebuildingenclosureelementpersqc•  HighestUvaluebuildingenclosureelement?•  Longterminvestment•  PotenPalscheduleimpact•  Clearviewoutdoors–visualtransmissivity•  Clearviewoutdoors–lowchromaPcaberraPon•  Statussymbol–thenew‘granitecountertop’?

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“AlloftheenergypumpedthroughtheAlaskapipelineeachyeargoesliterallyoutAmerica’swindows.“

AmoryLovins

WhatisHeat?

•  Transferofenergyfromoneobjecttoanotherduetoadifferenceintemperature

•  Alwaysfromwarmtocool

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measuringheat•  BriPshThermalUnit–BTU•  Energytoraiseonelbofwater1degreeF

•  Kilowa1Hour-KWHr•  Lightsa100wa1lightbulbfortenhours•  Raises3413lbsofwater1degreeF

•  1KWHr=3413BTU•  1Meter=39.36Inches

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HeatFlow:ConducPon

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HeatFlow:ConvecPon

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HeatFlow:RadiaPon

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HeatFlow:RadiaPon

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ConvenPonalvs.VeryLowEnergy

16Image courtesy Jamie Wolf, Wolfworks, Inc.

ConductedHeatLoss-Window

•  20sqc,“U”=0.33R=1/U=3

•  “UA”=20*0.33=6.6•  65F–30F=35F

•  6.6*35F*=231BTU/Hr.

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AnnualHeatLoss

•  20sqcWindow•  0.33*20=6.6

•  5600HDD65-Logan

•  6.6*5600*24=890KBTUs/Year

•  About10ThermsNGas

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AnnualSolarHeatGain

•  20sqc,SHGC=0.25

•  NRELdata,SouthsolarradiaPon=222Kbtu/sf/yr(heaPngseasononly)

•  20*0.25*222=1111Kbtu/sf/yr

•  1111-890=221 19

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00

RoomTemp

AmbientTemp

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1 2 3 4 5 6

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23

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WindowEnergyBalance•  Windowsgainandlose

energyviaconducPon,convecPonandradiaPon

•  NetEnergyGain=EnergyGain–EnergyLoss

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losses,gains,orientaPon

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South

North

East

West

Totals

PerformanceraPngsystems

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•  NFRC–NaPonalFenestraPonResearchCouncil– wholewindowapproach– onesizeforeachwindowtype

•  PassiveHouse–  InstallaPon– Frame– Spacer– CenterofGlassU&SHGC

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•  Uvalue-unit•  SHGC-unit•  Vt–glassonly•  Airleakage–unitarea•  Fixedwindowsizes

– Singlecasement–24”x59”– Doublecasement–47”x59”

NFRC

PassiveHouse

•  Frame–  UValue–depth&material– Width

•  GlazingandSpacer–  CenterofGlass(cog)–UValue–  CenterofGlass(cog)–SolarHeatGainCoefficient–  Spacerlinearthermalbridging–psispacervalue

•  WindowinstallaPonthermalbridge–  psiinstallvalue

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highperformancefenestraPon

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COG NFRC

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Courtesy Jamie, Wolf, Wolfworks, Inc.

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Passive House Concept INTEGRATED

Albert, Righter & Tittmann Architects 33

ZeroEnergyChallenge-2008

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MontagueHouse

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-20.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

2/1 2/2 2/3 2/4 2/5 2/6 2/7 2/8 2/9 2/10 2/11

ZeroNet‘PassiveHouseinspired’–ASHPoff

Ambient

Avg.Ambient

LivRoom24.5

30.1

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

12/10 12/12 12/14 12/16 12/18 12/20

ZeroNetconven<onaldesign-poweroff,icestorm

Ambient

Avg.Ambient

Dine

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FalmouthPassiveHouse

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January,2012,FalmouthMA

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

12/28 1/2 1/7 1/12 1/17 1/22 1/27 2/1 2/6

Ambient

Kitchen

MasterBed

NorthBed

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ZeroNet–ExisPngHomeDER•  DeepEnergyRetrofit–NGrid,

1stcerPfiedZeroNet

•  NeedsopPmalsolarexposure,roofsurface

•  LowUvaluehighSHGCglazing

•  Netzerotwoyearsrunning

•  Finalist,NESEAZeroNetEnergycompePPon2015

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PointsourceheaPng

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Date&Time Ambient 2ndFloorHall

MasterBedroom

Temp-F Temp-F Temp-F2/12/140:00 16.6 67.8 68.82/12/141:00 15.1 67.7 68.72/12/142:00 13.9 68.4 67.82/12/143:00 13.1 68.6 67.42/12/144:00 13.4 68.5 67.12/12/145:00 12.1 68.6 66.92/12/146:00 12.1 68.5 66.62/12/147:00 9.5 68.4 66.52/12/148:00 12.6 68.4 66.3

North

1 2 3 4 5 6

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1 2 3 4 5 6

25%

25%

50%

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4343

Air Film Coefficients ASHRAE IP Surface Air Film Values hr*sf*F/BTU Interior Upwards Flow 0.61

Interior Horizontal Flow 0.68 Interior Downward Flow 0.92

Exterior (7.5 mph, summer) 0.25 Exterior (15 mph, winter) 0.17

AirfilmsSimplification

Ahead

1 2 3 4 5 6

0.17

0.68

0.68

0.68

0.68

0.68

0.08

SUM (0.17, 0.08 ,0.68, 0.68, 0.08, 0.68, 0.68, 0.08, 0.68) = R 3.81

0.08 0.08 44

1 2 3 4 5 6

0.08 0.00 0.08

7 8

SUM (0.17, 0.08 ,0.68, 0.68, 0.0, 0.68, 0.68, 0.0,0.68, 0.08, 0.68) = R 4.41

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1 2 3 4 5 6

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ProperPesofgasses

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Air Molecular Conduc<vity Conduc<vity USD/m^3 ppmofEarth's Weight w/r/t/Air 2004 AtmosphereAir 28.96 0.0150 1.0000 $0.00 990000

Argon 39.96 0.0100 0.6667 $5.60 9340Krypton 83.8 0.0053 0.3533 $450.00 1.1000Xenon 131.3 0.0032 0.2133 $4,500.00 0.0900Radon 222 0.0023 0.1513 ? ?

4848

1 2 3 4 5 6

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1 2 3 4 5 6

Conduc<vitycomparison WaRs/meterKWood,pine,acrossgrain 0.15

Aluminum 205RaPo-Aluminum/Wood 1367

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1 2 3 4 5 6

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Simplification Ahead

LBNLWINDOW6

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FalmouthPHdesignscenarios

CourtesyofStephenBaczek,Architect

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East&WestGlazingFrom‘Gain’to‘Shade’

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East West CourtesyofStephenBaczek,Architect

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East&WestGlazingFrom‘Gain’to‘Shade’

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East,Westwindowchanges KWHR/sm/yr Margin%SpaceHeatDemandLimit 15 0.00%

322Gain–U=0.16,SHGC=0.610 14.27 4.87%322Shade–U=0.12,SHGC=0.370 14.87 0.87%

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SouthWindowSHGC

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SouthWindowSHGC

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Southwindowchanges KWHR/sm/yr Margin%SpaceHeatDemandLimit 15 0.00%U=0.16,SHGC=0.630 14.27 4.87%U=0.16,SHGC=0.610 18.56 -23.67%U=0.20,SHGC=0.33 25.06 -67.00%U=0.33,SHGC=0.30 32.17 -114.40%

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SpacerConducPvity

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SpacerConducPvity

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SpacerConducPvity KWHR/sm/yr Margin%SpaceHeatDemandLimit 15 0.00%

Psi=0.041W/(mK) 14.27 4.87%Psi=0.050W/(mK) 14.67 2.20%Psi=0.060W/(mK) 15.11 -0.73%

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FrameConducPvity

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FrameConducPvity

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FrameConducPvity KWHR/sm/yr Margin%SpaceHeatDemandLimit 15 0.00%

U=1.02W/(m2K) 14.27 4.87%U=1.85W/(m2K) 18.56 -23.76%

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RotateBuilding

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RotateBuilding

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RotateBuilding KWHR/sm/yr Margin%SpaceHeatDemandLimit 15 0.00%

DueSouth 14.27 4.87%Rotated30degreesclockwise 16.13 -7.53%Rotated45degreesclockwise 17.92 -19.46%

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SouthShading

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SouthShading

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SouthShading KWHR/sm/yr Margin%SpaceHeatDemandLimit 15 0.00%

5%shading 14.27 4.87%10%shading 15.19 -1.25%

•  Green–Earthhorizonline•  Yellow–Today’ssunpath

•  Blue–December21sunpath•  Ele:+13–ElevaPonabovehorizon=13degrees

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•  Rotateright1screenwidth68



•  Rotateright1morescreenwidth

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WindowOverhang

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WindowOverhang

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Windowoverhang KWHR/sm/yr Margin%SpaceHeatDemandLimit 15 0.00%

DueSouth 14.27 4.87%Add8inchestooverhang 15.19 -1.24%

Remove8inchesfromoverhang 13.74 8.39%

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Sunarcgroups

Dec,Jan,NovFeb,Oct

March,SeptApril,Aug

May,July,June

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RemoveSDLs

74CourtesyofStephenBaczek,Architect

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RemoveSDLs

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RemoveSDLs KWHR/sm/yr Margin%SpaceHeatDemandLimit 15 0.00%

WithSDLs 14.27 4.87%WithoutSDLs 13.92 7.19%

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WindowReveals


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WindowReveal

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WindowReveal KWHR/sm/yr Margin%SpaceHeatDemandLimit 15 0.00%

Deep=8inches,Shallow=6inches 14.27 4.87%Deep=6inches,Shallow=4inches 14.1 6.01%Deep=4inches,Shallow=2inches 13.91 7.32%

BelmontNaPonalGridDER•  Contractwri1enfor<1000CFM@50Pa

•  53vinylDHwindows•  Hit590CFM@50Pa

Averagewindowarea-sf 15 15 15 15 15Numberofwindows 53 53 53 53 53NFRCleakage-CFM/sf@75Pa 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5NFRCleakage-CFM@75Pa 80 159 239 318 398NFRCleakage-CFM@50Pa 61 122 183 244 305

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Rough Opening

Operable Jamb

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Rough Opening

Operable Jamb

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Rough Opening

Operable Jamb

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Rough Opening

Operable Jamb

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FrameWidth

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Andthereismorebut,…

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AllAboutWindows

ThankYou!QuesPons?

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[email protected]

Be1erBuildingsByDesign

February4,2016MikeDuclos,Principal,DEAPEnergyGroup,LLC

Documents

Beer Buildings By Design - Efficiency Vermont · All About Windows 1 Beer Buildings By Design February 4, 2016 Mike Duclos, Principal, DEAP Energy Group, LLC [email protected]