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Becoming a More Effective Regulator: Lessons from
Three Mile Island and Fukushima
Michael R. Johnson
Deputy Executive Director for Reactor and Preparedness Programs
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
The Wake-Up Call
2 12 April 2016 International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems
Three Mile Island
3 12 April 2016 International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems
Near-Term Response
4 12 April 2016 International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems
TMI Lessons Learned “To prevent nuclear accidents as serious as Three Mile Island, fundamental changes will be necessary in the organization, procedures, and practices—and above all—in the attitudes of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.” — President ’s Commission
5 12 April 2016 International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems
Fukushima Dai-ichi
6 12 April 2016 International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems
Near-Term Response
7 12 April 2016 International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems
Fukushima Lessons Learned
• Clarifying the regulatory framework
• Ensuring protection
• Enhancing mitigation
• Strengthening emergency preparedness
• Improving the efficiency of NRC programs
8 12 April 2016 International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems
Some Striking Parallels
• Importance of operating experience
• Complacency and lack of preparation for the unknown
• Deficiencies in operator training and technical capability
• Resulting public concern and lack of trust
9 12 April 2016 International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems
Our Charge as Regulators
10 12 April 2016 International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems
• Think broadly and systematically
• Tackle unknowns with a diverse “toolbox”
• Learn from each other and don’t forget
• Be open with the public and stakeholders
12 April 2016 International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems 11
BACKUP
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Fukushima: Initial NRC Actions
IN 2011-05 TI 2515/183
TI 2515/184 BL 2011-01
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NRC’s Near-Term
Task Force
• Within weeks of the accident, NRC
created a task force to review the
events and provide recommendations
to enhance safety at U.S. plants:
– Report issued July 2012.
– Concluded that a similar sequence
of events in the U.S. was unlikely
and there were no imminent risks
of continued operation and
licensing activity.
– Identified overarching potential
safety enhancements.
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