Beam Requests versus What Can Be Delivered ( protons and ions)

BEAM REQUESTS VERSUS WHAT CAN BE DELIVERED (PROTONS AND IONS)

Rende Steerenberg BE-OP


Contents Injectors Accelerator Schedule 2010 Approved/Committed User Requirement Machine/Facility Limitations Proposed Basic 2010 Super Cycles What Can we Provide What are the Shortfalls Some Ideas to Reduce Shortfalls Conclusions

2/32IEFC-Days 2010 - 10 February 2010

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2010 Schedule The 2010 Accelerator Schedule v. 1.3, as

approved by the RB on 2 December, was used as basis taking into account: The start and end dates of each

facility/experiment. That the LHC monthly technical stops that are

taken as MD and technical stops, thus no physics

Five dedicated and floating 8 hour MD’s that are put on the schedule as place holder, but that might shift in time.


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Changes following recent SPSC meeting(19 – 20 January 2010)

The SPSC anticipated shortfalls and has made proposals to reduce the impact on certain experiments/facilities

CNGS earlier start (2 weeks) 29 April instead of 12 May

1 EASTB cycle less to give 1 nTOF cycle more resulting in: 4 EASTB cycles day and night 4 dedicated nTOF cycles day and night

IEFC-Days 2010 - 10 February 2010

Rende Steerenberg BE-OP 4/32

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Approved User Requirements 2010 CNGS: 4.5x1019 protons integrated North Area (Compass): 3x105 spills (9.6 sec.) nTOF: 1.6x1019 protons integrated East Area

North Branch: Running the whole run, but no clear required number of

spills or protons available T9 + T10 335 days in total T11 (Cloud) 80 days

DIRAC: 2.1x106 spills T7 irradiations: ~200 days with 2 spills per super cycle

AD users: 28 weeks (1 cycle every 80–100 sec) ISOLDE: 43% duty cycle (2µA)


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Machine/Facility Limitations Maximum beam current of 2 µA for ISOLDE Maximum PS MPS load until POPS is operational

Based on 1.16x108 MJoules per year/run RMS current SMH57

Less cycles required if beam sharing reintroduced. As long as there are enough CNGS cycles

following the (long) FT cycle there is no rms issue on the SPS MPS

PSB and PS are surface machines beam losses generate certain radiation levels outside the machine

Every change in the SPS super cycle has knock-on consequences for the PSB and PS users


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PS MPS Load calculation 30 weeks of PS

running, not counting running for LHC alone

5040 hours Slightly lower than

2009 run time Therefore the

average 5 MW limit for PS MPS remains valid

Not taking into account the periods of dedicated LHC running



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Proposed basic 2010 super cycles There are four basic super cycles

proposed: Operational day super cycle containing:

SPS: Fixed target, CNGS, LHC or MD PSB/PS: nTOF, AD, East Area, ISOLDE, MD

Operational night super cycle containing: SPS: Fixed target, CNGS PSB/PS: nTOF, AD, East Area, ISOLDE, MD

LHC filling super cycle for protons LHC filling super cycle for ions


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Basic assumptions Day super cycles from 08:00 until 18:00 10 hours

Night super cycle from 18:00 until 08:00 14 hours

Dedicated LHC filling (protons & ions) will take on average 4 hours per 24 hours, leaving 20 hours per day for other physics.

No Physics during MD’s 5 x 3 days = 15 days 360 hours 5 x 8 hours = 40 hours

Ion commissioning foreseen on MD cycle Last years’ machine availabilities are taken into

account9/32


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Operational Day & Night Super Cycle



Day Super Cycle (46.8 sec):

Night Super Cycle (39.6 sec):

The day super cycle can go beyond 18:00 depending on the LHC needs (lower duty cycle for others) BE

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SPS FT cycle 13 bp CNGS1 CNGS1 CNGS1 CNGS2 LHCFAST21 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

PS SFTPRO SFTPRO TOF CNGS CNGS TOF CNGS CNGS TOF CNGS CNGS TOF CNGS CNGS LHC25

SPS SPS nTOF SPS SPS nTOF SPS SPS nTOF SPS SPS nTOF SPS SPS SPS-DUMP

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 39 39 39 39

4 4 17 0 17 0 17 0 17 0 8 0 0 4 4 8 17 0 4 4 8 17 0 4 4 8 17 0 4 4 17 0 0 18 0 0 0 4 0

PSB SFTPRO SFTPRO EASTB PSB SU EASTB ISO EASTB ISO EASTB ISO TOF ISO ISO CNGS CNGS TOF EASTA ISO CNGS CNGS TOF TSTPS ISO CNGS CNGS TOF EASTC ISO CNGS CNGS EASTC ISO LHC25ALHC25B ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 35 37 37 39

TT2-D3 FTN/N FTN/NT8 T8 T8 T8 FTN/N

EASTB/TOF EASTB/TOF EASTB/TOF AD/EASTB EASTA TSTPS AD/EASTC AD/EASTC

SPS FT cycle 13 bp CNGS CNGS CNGS CNGS1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

PS SFTPRO SFTPRO TOF CNGS CNGS TOF CNGS CNGS CNGS CNGS TOF CNGS CNGS

SPS SPS nTOF SPS SPS nTOF SPS SPS SPS SPS nTOF SPS SPS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

4 4 17 0 17 0 17 0 17 0 8 0 0 4 4 8 17 0 4 4 17 0 0 4 4 8 17 0 4 4 17 0 0

PSB SFTPRO SFTPRO EASTB PSB SU EASTB ISO EASTB ISO EASTB ISO TOF ISO ISO CNGS CNGS TOF EASTA ISO CNGS CNGS TSTPS ISO ISO CNGS CNGS TOF EASTC ISO CNGS CNGS EASTC ISO ISO

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

FTN/N

AD/EASTC AD/EASTC

T8 T8 T8 T8 FTN/N TT2-D3

TSTPS

FTN/N

EASTB/TOF EASTB/TOF EASTB/TOF EASTB/TOF EASTA

Dedicated LHC Filling Super CyclesDedicated LHC proton filling super

cycle:



SPS LHC1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

PS TOF TOF

nTOF nTOF

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

18 0 0 18 0 0 18 0 0 18 0 0 17 0 0 8 8 0

PSB LHC25A LHC25B ISO LHC25A LHC25B ISO LHC25A LHC25B ISO LHC25A LHC25B ISO EASTB ISO ISO TOF TOF ISO

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

AD/EASTB

T8SPS SPS SPS SPS

LHC25 LHC25 LHC25 LHC25

SPS LHCION1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

PS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

17 0 17 0 17 0 17 0 18 0 0 0 0 0

PSB ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO EASTB ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 13 14

D3 D3 D3 D3 T8

LHCION LHCION LHCION LHCION AD/EASTB

Dedicated LHC ion filling super cycle:

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The other physics beams displayed are not taken into account for the intensity/spill planning

ISOLDE (HRS & GPS & REX) 2010 running Starts 26 April, finishes 22 November giving 210

days Taking into account the MD’s etc. this leaves 210 –

15 - 2 = 193 days for physics (556 8-hour shifts) ISOLDE bases their schedule on 8-hour shifts with 2

µA on target To have 2 µA on target they need 43% duty cycle

with 3x1013 protons per cycle In the proposed super cycles ISOLDE will have:

36% duty cycle during day-time (excl. LHC filling time) 33% duty cycle during night-time (excl. LHC filling time)

Final ISOLDE physics schedule available in March



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DIRAC request and particularities

Initially approved for 2.1x106 spills per year The intensity per spill is 1.1x1011 protons

Produced using 4 PSB rings very low intensity DIRAC cannot accept parasitic nTOF beam

DIRAC – nTOF bunch intensity not compatible for single beam control

Spill quality degrades too much (peaks/spikes) SPSC in January proposed to give 1 cycle

less to DIRAC with respect to 2009 and give it to nTOF instead. (remains to be approved by RB)


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DIRAC 2010 running (East Area T8)

Starts 29 April, finishes 22 November giving 209 days

Taking into account the MD’s etc. this leaves 209 – 15 - 2 = 192 days for physics

To provide 2.1x106 spills we would need 35% of the super cycle for DIRAC (EASTB)

In the proposed super cycles DIRAC will have 4 EASTB cycle per super cycle day and night (~ 21% duty cycle)


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29/0

4/20

1006

/05/

2010

13/0

5/20

1020

/05/

2010

27/0

5/20

1003

/06/

2010

10/0

6/20

1017

/06/

2010

24/0

6/20

1001

/07/

2010

08/0

7/20

1015

/07/

2010

22/0

7/20

1029

/07/

2010

05/0

8/20

1012

/08/

2010

19/0

8/20

1026

/08/

2010

02/0

9/20

1009

/09/

2010

16/0

9/20

1023

/09/

2010

30/0

9/20

1007

/10/

2010

14/1

0/20

1021

/10/

2010

28/1

0/20

1004

/11/

2010

11/1

1/20

1018

/11/

2010

0.00E+00

5.00E+05

1.00E+06

1.50E+06

2.00E+06

2.50E+06

0.00E+00

2.00E+16

4.00E+16

6.00E+16

8.00E+16

1.00E+17

1.20E+17

1.40E+17

Integrated Spill Planning For the 2010 DIRAC Run

Requested integrated number of spillsPlanned integrated number of spillsAchievable integrated number of spills

Date

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nu

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DIRAC Integrated Spill Planning 2010



1.1x106 spills foreseen for 2010

52% of required number of spills

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East Area T7, T9, T10, T11 2010 running



Usually: 2 EASTC cycles for T7 irradiation 1 EASTA cycle for T9, T10 & T11 (enough for Cloud

?) In the proposed super cycles 3 East cycles are

to be shared between EASTA and EASTC User time not fully scheduled No real shortfall in spills or protons



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2010 PS Fixed Target Planning



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3 EASTC cycles in S.C.

3 EASTA cycles in S.C.

AD 2010 running

Machine setting up: 12 April until 10 May Physics starts 10 May, finishes 22 November

giving 196 days (4 weeks longer than in 2009) 6 AD dedicated 8 hour Monday MD’s 5 Different user groups:

ACE, ALPHA, ASACUSA, ATRAP, AEGIS (MD-time) Taking into account the MD’s etc. this leaves 196

– 15 – 2 - 2 = 177 days for physics The position in the PS super cycle is

optimised to maximize AD duty cycle (1 injection per ~ 80 sec)

No real impact on other users



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Approved nTOF Physics program (1) The INTC has approved 5 proposals:

CERN-INTC-2006-006: Proposed study of the neutron-neutron interaction at the CERN nTOF facility. Number of protons accepted: 0.2x1019

CERN-INTC-2006-012: The role of Fe and Ni for s-process nucleosynthesis in the early Universe and for innovative nuclear technologies Number of protons approved: 1.8x1019

CERN-INTC-2006-016: Angular distributions in the neutron-induced fission of actinides Number of protons approved: 0.15x1019

CERN-INTC-2008-035: n_TOF: New target commissioning and beam characterization Number of protons accepted: 2.45x1018

CERN-INTC-2009-025: Neutron capture cross section measurements of 238U, 241Am and 243Am at n_TOF Number of protons accepted: 8x1018 (only for 241,3Am)

Grand total: 3.2x1019 protons19/32


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Approved nTOF Physics program (2) Grand total of approved experiments: 3.2x1019

protons

In 2009 7.45x1018 protons were delivered and the following was partially done: Commissioning (50% to be done in 2010 with borated

water) 50% of the Fe&Ni proposal completed (CERN-INTC-

2006-012)

Approved protons remaining: 2.4x1019

nTOF realistically requests 1.6x1019 for 2010


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nTOF particularities Two types of beam are produced

Dedicated single bunch: 7x1012 protons Parasitic single bunch: 3.5x1012 protons

Just before extraction there is a bunch rotation to shorten the bunch to below 25 ns (4σ).

The nTOF facility can practically receive 4.9x1019 p.o.t. per year Improved cooling, ventilation and shielding

At start-up 2010 the experimental zone will be a “Class A Laboratory”


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nTOF 2010 running

Starts 17 May, finishes 22 November giving 189 days


Day & night 4 dedicated + 3 parasitic cycles in the super cycle


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17/0

5/20

1024

/05/

2010

31/0

5/20

1007

/06/

2010

14/0

6/20

1021

/06/

2010

28/0

6/20

1005

/07/

2010

12/0

7/20

1019

/07/

2010

26/0

7/20

1002

/08/

2010

09/0

8/20

1016

/08/

2010

23/0

8/20

1030

/08/

2010

06/0

9/20

1013

/09/

2010

20/0

9/20

1027

/09/

2010

04/1

0/20

1011

/10/

2010

18/1

0/20

1025

/10/

2010

01/1

1/20

1008

/11/

2010

15/1

1/20

1022

/11/

2010

0.00E+00

2.00E+18

4.00E+18

6.00E+18

8.00E+18

1.00E+19

1.20E+19

1.40E+19

1.60E+19

1.80E+19

Integrated Intensity Planning For the 2010 nTOF Run

Requested integrated intensity

Planned Integrated In-tensity

Date

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9.6x1018 protons on target foreseen for 2010

60% of required integrated intensity

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In case of 8x1012 protons per bunch we could achieve 1.05x1019 protons integrated for 2010.

Anticipating RB

approval for 1 extra

cycleOtherwise 8.5E18

protons


CNGS 2010 running

Recently SPSC proposed moving the CNGS start forwards by two weeks (approval RB ?)



Access to CNGS beam area requires often slightly longer stops than the 3 day MD period.


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27-A

pr-1

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-10

11-M

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-10

25-M

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01-

Jun-

108-

Jun-

1015

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-10

22-Jun

-10

29-Jun

-10

6-Ju

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13-Jul

-10

20-Jul

-10

27-Jul

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3-Aug

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24-A

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7-Sep

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-10

0.00E+00

5.00E+18

1.00E+19

1.50E+19

2.00E+19

2.50E+19

3.00E+19

3.50E+19

4.00E+19

4.50E+19

5.00E+19

Integrated Intensity Planning for the 2010 CNGS run

Requested integrated in-tensityPlanned Integrated IntensityAchievable integrated in-tensity

Date

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CNGS Integrated Intensity Graph 2010


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3.75x1019 protons foreseen for 2010

83% of required intensity

Without 2 week extension we will achieve 3.4x1019 protons integrated for 2010.

SPS North Area (COMPASS)

Starts 10 May, finishes 22 November giving 196 days


3x105 spills of 9.6 sec requested User time nearly fully scheduled



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SPS North Area Integrated Spill Planning 2010



10-M

ay-1

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-May

-10

24-M

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-May

-10

7-Ju

n-10

14-Jun

-10

21-Jun

-10

28-Jun

-10

5-Ju

l-10

12-Jul

-10

19-Jul

-10

26-Jul

-10

2-Aug

-10

9-Aug

-10

16-A

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-Aug

-10

30-A

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06-

Sep

-10

13-S

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-Sep

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27-S

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Oct

-10

11-O

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-Oct

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25-O

ct-1

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Nov

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8-N

ov-1

015

-Nov

-10

22-N

ov-1

0

0.00E+00

5.00E+04

1.00E+05

1.50E+05

2.00E+05

2.50E+05

3.00E+05

3.50E+05

4.00E+05

Integrated number of spill Planning for the 2010 SPS North Area run

Requested integrated number of spills

Planned integrated number of spills

Achievable integrated number of spills

Date

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3.3x105 spills foreseen for 2010

110% of required number of spills


What and Where are the Short Falls?Client Unit Requeste

dAchievable

Missing

CNGS p+ 4.5x1019 3.75x1019 17%

TOF p+ 1.6x1019 0.85x1019 47%

East Area (DIRAC)

Spills 2.1x106 1.2x106 48%

ISOLDE Duty cycle

43% ~ 34% 21%


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Possible means to reduce short falls (1) ISOLDE:

Pulse PSB at 600 ms, while keeping PS with same bp length > 50% guaranteed duty cycle for ISOLDE Every 2nd cycle for PS if required (more than at present)

Can we use synergy for LHC upgrade proposal ? Higher primary beam energy fewer protons required ?

East Area: Large number of East Area cycles required in super cycle Re-instate beam sharing to avoid cycle duplication Cycle requirements in new East Area lay-out proposal ? (see

talk Lau Gatignon) Future of DIRAC in PS ? (plans to move to SPS after 2011) More effective use of EASTB cycles for DIRAC

Higher intensity with less cycles gives same integrated intensity ? Would make parasitic nTOF perhaps possible


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Possible means to reduce short falls (2) nTOF:

Try to produce higher intensity for dedicated nTOF cycle (8x1012 instead of 7x1012 + 14%)

Fission experiments could accept multiple bunches with specific spacing to be checked

In general: Prolong run for PS complex into reduced

power consumption period (PS complex cycling is not so expensive)

Evaluate possibilities to optimise cycles following POPS commissioning in PS


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Conclusions The requests for certain facilities exceed by

large the production means A set of reasonably achievable goals for 2010

are proposed. For the longer term we will have to improve the

production capability and try to use our facilities more efficiently if we have to meet the requests

Some possible fields of improvement: 600 ms pulsing of PSB guaranteed 50% ISOLDE duty

cycle Reintroduce East Area beam sharing to minimize cycle

duplication (depends on approval of newly proposed lay-out)

Increase dedicated nTOF bunch intensity to 8x1012

Profit from possible synergy with LHC upgrade proposal


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Acknowledgements Horst Breuker for providing the data as

requested/approved for the different experiments

Karel Cornelis for his input on the CNGS intensity predictions

The nTOF collaboration for their discussions on the required intensity and the target capabilities, in particular Enrico Chiaveri, Vasilis Vlachoudis and Marco Calviani

Alexander Josef Herlert for his input on ISOLDE.

Thanks for your attention


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Documents

Beam Requests versus What Can Be Delivered ( protons and ions)