Basic Sentence 2(Verb Phrase)

Modal auxiliaryModal Auxiliary Terjemahan

Shall V1Should Be + V-ingWill Be + V3Would Have + V3Can Have + been + V3Could Have + been + V-ingMay Might Must

………..….sedang….…….di…………..telah………..telah di…..…..telah…(dan masih sedang)

• The chief executive officer of the trading company will deliver an opening speech in a seminar on global marketing in the hotel.(CEO perusahaan perdagangan itu akan menyampaikan pidato pembukaan di seminar mengenai pemasaran global di hote.

• She may be preparing the wedding party at this moment. (Dia mungkin sedang menyiapkan pesta pernikahan saat ini)

• He no longer works in the office. He might have been sent home due to the employment reduction. (Dia tidak lagi bekerja di kantor itu. Dia mungkin telah dirumahkan dengan adanya pengurangan karyawan)

• The secretary quickly adapts to the new environment. (Dia mungkin sedang menyiapkan pesta pernikahan saat ini)

Auxiliary Be

• She is preparing the wedding party at this moment.(Dia sedang menyiapkan pesta pernikahan saat ini)

• The student are to do the school assignments.(siswa-siswa itu harus mengerjakan tugas-tugas sekolah)

• The box was placed at the corner of the room.(kotak itu ditempatkan di sudut ruangan)

• The computer is being repaired.Komputer itu sedang diperbaiki)

Auxiliary Be Terjemahan

Is Verb-ing Am to V1Are V3Was being + V3Were

Sedang……Harus/diharapkan/akan…..Di…..Sedang di…….

Auxiliary Have

• The committee have prepared the accommodation for the singers.(Panitia telah mempersiapkan akomodasi untuk para penyanyi)

• The internet has been available for the students.(Internet telah tersedia bagi para siswa)

• They had been working in the garden when the accident suddenly happened.(Mereka sudah dan masih sedang bekerja di kebun ketika kecelakaan itu tiba-tiba terjadi)

Auxiliary Have

Have HasHad

+ V3+ Been+ Been + Verb-ing+ Been + V3

Auxiliary Do

• We do understand the problem.(Kami benar-benar memahami permasalahan itu)

• Do be quiet for a while, please.(Mohon tenang sejenak)

• He did not think that a bomb would explode in the embassy. (Dia tidak menyangka kalau sebuah bom akan meledak di kedutaan itu)

Auxiliary Do Terjemahan

Do V1Does + beDid not + V1

Benar-benar….lah (imperative)Tidak…..

Need (perlu) and Dare (berani) are followed by infinitive or to infinitive.You need (to) help her(kamu perlu membantu dia)He dares (to) drive a bus.(Dia berani mengendarai bis)

Need not (tidak perlu) and Dare not (tidak berani) are followed by infinitive.The girl dare not go home alone at night.Gadis itu tidak berani pulang sendirian di malam hariWe need not rely on others(kita tidak usah menggantungkan orang lain)

When the negative forms are using do/does/did not need/dare then the verbs are followed by to infinitive.We do not need to think of the problem any more.(kita tidak perlu memikirkan masalah itu lagi)

Infinitive• The verbs followed by infinitive are:

Verbs TerjemahanLet Membiarkan, mengijinkanMake Membuat, menyuruhHave MenuruhHelp MembantuHear MendengarNotice MemperhatikanKnow TahuListen to MendengarkanObserve MengamatiLook at/see/watch MelihatFeel merasakan

The clauses which show the request or advice such as advise, ask, beg, command, desire, forbid, order, propose, insist, suggest, recommend, require, request, urge, imperative, important, essential are followed by infinitive

It is requested that all gentlemen wear coats and ties(dimohon semua laki-lai memakai jas dan dadi)

It is essential that a guard be on duty at all hours of the day.(Perlu sekali satpam bertugas pada semua jam setiap hari)

To infinitive

• There are some patterns of to infinitive such as,

To + V1 To + Have V3To be + V3To have been + V3

To infinitive• As purpose

They go to guy a shirt.(mereka pergi untuk membeli baju)The boy was at the airport to see her father off.(Anak laki-laki itu di bandara untuk mengantar ayahnya)

• As Passive verbShe was seen to enter the office hurriedly(Dia terlihat masuk kantor dengan tergesa-gesa)

• NounThere is only one room in the hotel to stay in.(Hanya ada satu kamar di hotel untuk tinggal)

• AdjectiveIt is very nice to see you( Sangat senang betemu dengan kamu)

• Wh-Wordwe don’t know what to do if we fail in the entrance test(Kami tidak tahu apa yang harus kami lakukan jika kami gagal dalam tes masuk).

THE VERBS BELOW ARE FOLLOWED BY TO INFINITIVEVerbs are followed by to infinitive

Deserve : layak mendapat Endevour : berusaha

Hope : berharap Learn : belajar

Intend: bermaksud Mean: bermaksud

Plan: merencanakan Care : peduli

Decide: memutuskan Ask : meminta

Beg : meminta Expect: mengharapkan

Wish: berharap Promise: berjanji

Want: menginginkan

• I don’t care to see him again.(saya tidak peduli untuk melihatnya lagi)

• We have decided not to go.(Kami telah memutuskan untuk tidak pergi)

• She is planning to continue her study abroad.(Dia merencanakan untuk melanjutkan studinya di luar negeri)

• We expect them to leave tonight.(Kami mengharapkan mereka berangkat nanti malam)

• They want you to visit them soon.(Mereka menginginkan anda mengunjungi mereka segera)

• He promised to tell her the truth.(Dia berjanji untuk memberi tahu dia sebenarnya)

The verbs below are also followed by object + to infinitive

Advise : Menasehati Instruct : MemerintahkanEncourage : Mendorong Oblige : MewajibkanGet : Menyuruh Remind : MengingatkanInvite : Mengundang Tell : Memberi tahuPersuade : Membujuk Warm : MemperingatkanTeach : MengajariUrge : MendesakCause : MenyebabkanForce : Memaksa

• I advice her to see a doctor.(Saya menasehati dia untuk menemui seorang dokter.)

• The trainer urge them to have a lot of practice.(Pelatih itu mendesak mereka untuk banyak latihan.)

• She invited her friends to come to her birthday party.(Dia mengundang teman-temannya untuk datang ke pesta ulang tahunnya.)

GERUNDGerund Pattern Examples

Active Gerund Verb + -ing Walking, swimming, running, singing, speaking.

Passive Gerund Being + past participle Being caught, being asked, being seen.

State Gerund Being + adjective/noun/adverb

Being happy, being a teacher, being here

As a subject

• The coming of foreigners to the tourist resort is very much welcomed.(Kedatangan orang-orang asing ke tempat wisata itu sangat diharapkan.)

• Walking all the way home made us tired.(Berjalan sepanjang jalan ke rumah membuat kami lelah.)

• Driving a car on busy streets needs a great care. (Mengendarai mobil di jalan-jalan ramai memerlukan kehati-hatian yang tinggi.)

Object of Verb

• The verbs admit, avoid, deny, escape, postpone, keep, practice, resent, suggest, appreciate, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, quit, resist, begin, start, like, continue, intend are followed by gerund.

• She avoids going out at night.(Dia menghindari keluar malam.)

• The thief denied stealing the wallet.(Pencuri itu menyangkal mencuri dompet itu.)

• Would you mind helping me?(Apakah kamu keberatan membantuku?)

Object of Preposition• He is afraid of drinking a car in the rush hours.

(Dia takut mengendarai mobil pada jam-jam sibuk.)• Sinta was anxious about making mistakes.

(Sinta cemas membuat kesalahan.)• They succeed in getting a scholarship.

(Mereka berhasil memperoleh beasiswa.)• The man is fond of playing tennis.

(Lelaki itu gemar bermain tenis.)• He is clever at making tricks.

(Dia pandai membuat trik.)

Possessive Pronoun

• I hope his coming to be a speaker, not his assistant. (Saya mengharapkan kedatangannya untuk menjadi pembicara, bukan asistennya.)

• Rini’s winning the Ford Foundation scholarship has completely surprised us.(Kemenangan Rini dalam mendapatkan beasiswa Yayasan Ford telah benar-benar mengejutkan kami.)

As adjective• The sleeping mat was bought by Anita yesterday.

(Tikar untuk tidur itu dibeli oleh Anita kemarin.)• I need a reading book.

(Saya perlu buku bacaan.)• The old man has lost his walking stick.

(Lelaki tua itu telah kehilangan tongkatnya untuk jalan.)

The verb “allow” can be followed by gerund or to infinitive.The teacher doesn’t allow smoking in class.(Guru itu tidak mengijinkan merokok di kelas.)The teacher doesn’t allow us to smoke in class.(Guru itu tidak mengijinkan kita merokok di kelas.)

Participle

• I see the young mother feeding her baby.(Saya melihat ibu muda itu sedang menyuapi bayinya)

• I look at the baby fed by the young mother.(Saya melihat bayi itu disuapi oleh ibu muda itu.)

• My friend Andi noticed a pickpocket being taken to a police office.(Teman saya Andi memperhatikan seorang pencopet sedang dibawa ke kantor polisi.)

Pattern

Subject + Verb + Object +V-ingV3Being V3

Adverb• Frequency : sometimes, frequently, seldom, ever, never,

barely, • Manner: slowly, carefully, directly, quickly• Place and Direction: Here, there, outside, left, right.• Degree: very, rather, too, more, just, purely, only, absolutely.• Time: Today, yesterday, last night, soon, nowadays, just.• Explanatory: for example, such as.• Modality: Perhaps, probably, maybe, well, indeed.• Inversion : seldom/rarely, hardly ever, not only…but also, no

sooner…than…