Unit 1

Basic Sentence Patterns

基本句型主语和谓语

1

2

3

SV 和 SVO 结构4

SVC 结构

SVOiOd 结构 和 SVOCo 结构5

Questions How many hierarchies/ranks are there in English Grammar, what are they?

How many parts of speech are there in English?

How many sentence members are there in English?

phrases

words

clauses

sentences

morphemes

Five ranks in English Grammar:

Morpheme 词素 最小的语法单位，也是最小的语义单位 词素分类：

自由词素（ free morpheme ） 粘附词素（ bound morpheme ）

Free morphemes VS. Bound morphemes 自由词素：本身有完整意义并能作为简单词单独使用

boy, desk, chair, give , take… 粘附词素：本身没有词义或没有完整词义，不能单独存在，必须粘附其他形式的词素。分为词缀（ affix ）和组合形式 (combining form)。

anti-, un-, -ment, -less, -ness … multi-, -graph, pseudo-, -logue …

派生词VS. 复合词 派生词 (derivative): 自由词素（词根） + 词缀

Kind: kindness, unkind, kindly Friend: friendly, friendship, unfriendly

复合词 (compound word): 自由词素 + 自由词素 Book: bookmark, bookworm, bookshop, bookstore

Exercise

53. Which of the following is a compound word ?(TEM-4, 2013)

A. Nonsmoker.

B. Deadline. C. Meanness.

D. Misfit.

According to lexical meaning, form and function, we have ten kinds of wordsn(noun)pron(pronoun) adj.(adjective)Adv.(adverb)num.(numeral)v(verb)art(article)prep(preposition)conj(conjunction)Interj(interjection)

词 法

Notional words

Structure words

I know a man with a double character.

His income doubled in one year.

She is the double of her mother.

He paid double for the customized car.

The importance of knowing the kinds of words

adj.

v.

n.

adv.

Sentence

Members

S=SubjectV=Verb Predicate

O=Object

Attri.=Attribute

Adv.=Adverbial

C=Complement

句 法

Unit One Basic Sentence Patterns

Analyze the following sentences:1.They look like students. 2. One loves her motherland.

3. He gets up early every day.

4. His friend gave him a gift.

5. We call him Li Ming.

s v c

s v o

S v

s v Oi Od

s v o c

6.They work hard. S + V7.The flower is dead. S + V + C / P8.Plants need water. S + V + O9.He gives me some seeds. S + V + Oi + Od10. We should keep the plants in the shade. S + V + O + C

More examples:不同类型的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：He's getting angry. He got through the window. You'll get a surprise. He got his shoes and socks wet.He got himself into trouble. He got her a splendid present.

1.1 Basic Sentence Patterns

1)SV

The flowers are blooming.

2) SVC

They are newcomers.

3) SVO

Thinking requires practice.

4) SVOiOd

The nurse gave him a penicillin shot.

5) SVOCo

The parents consider the child a genius.

1.1 Basic Sentence Patterns

A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006.

S + V

A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world championships.

S + V + O

A policeman removes a check point notice from the road to the village where bird flu patient were found in Zhongwei County, northwest Ningxia Autonomous Region, August 12, 2006. [Xinhua]

s+v+o

First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （ NMET2003.C 篇）　这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。　　 S+V+O

Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is.

S+V+C

The 230-plus outlying islands that belong to this bustling metropolis are oases where green prevails and traditions hold fast.

S+V+C

Do Ex.1 on P. 1

1.2 Subject and Predicate

1.3 SVC

1.4 SV and SVO

1.5 SVOiOd

1.6 SVOCo

Read it by yourself carefully, and do exercises

The key points:

P6: 一些容易混淆的动词Do exercise 5

Grammar and vocabulary

Ten words and phrases a day

Phrases 参考附录Ⅰ

Choose the best answers

基本句型1

主语和谓语2

SVC 结构3

SV 和 SVO 结构4

SVOiOd 结构5

SVOCo 结构6

总 结

Identify the clause elements in the following sentences.

1.Joshua quickly finished his homework and went out to play.

A.Object:

his homework

B. Adverbial:

quickly, to play

2. The huge black horse easily won the race.

A.Subject:

the huge black horse

B. Object:

the race

3. People have thought about going into space for many years.

A.Predicate verb:

have thought about

B. Object:

going into space

4. The snake warms up and crawls out of the bag.

A.Predicate verb:

warms up and crawls

B. Adverbial:

out of the bag

5. Saturn is one of the most beautiful planets to look at through a telescope because of the many rings that surround it.

A.Complement:

one of the most beautiful planets to look at through a telescope

B. Adverbial:

because of the many rings that surround it

6. Neptune takes 165 years to complete its path, or orbit, around the sun.

A.Object:

165 years

B. Adverbial:

to complete its path, or orbit, around the sun

7. How many pairs of shorts should you and your brother bring?

A.Subject:

you and your brother

B. Object:

how many pairs of shorts

8. What is the most expensive meal listed on the menu?

A.Subject:

the most expensive meal listed on the menu

B. Complement:

what

9. The boy scouts ( 男童子军 )teach their members an “Outdoor Code” before they camp.

A. Direct Object:

an “Outdoor Code”

B. Indirect Object:

their members

10. Hurricane winds can blow as fast as 180 miles an hour.

A. Predicate Verb:

can blow

B. Adverbial:

as fast as 180 miles an hour

11. The spiral of heated air and moist air begins to twist and grow and spin faster and faster in a counterclockwise direction.

A. Subject:

The spiral of heated air and moist air

B. Object:

to twist and grow and spin

12.The direction a hurricane’s spiral moves is counterclockwise.

A. Subject: the direction a hurricane’s spiral moves

B. Complement:

counterclockwise

13. At the North Pole the sun does not shine for half of the year.

A. Predicate Verb:

does not shine

B. Adverbial:

at the North Pole, for half of the year

14. The cold winds that blow off of the Arctic Ocean make the North Pole a very cold place.

A. Subject:

The cold winds that blow off of the Arctic Ocean

B. Object Complement:

a very cold place

15. These criminals might have been guilty of murder.

A. Predicate Verb:

might have been

B. Complement:

guilty of murder

1. 独立完成课后练习 2. 语法规则清楚并使之

理论联系实际 3. 预习第 2 单元

Wish you a happy and healthy semester !!