Bao Cao Du an Dau Tu

THUYT MINH BO CO D N KH THI

NNG CP NH MY NG AYUNPA

T 3.200 TMN LN 6.000 TMN -

NG PHT NHIT IN 30MW.

AyunPa, thng 10 nm 2012.

CNG TY C PHN MA NG - NHIT IN GIA LAI

Tr s: 561 Trn Hng o Th x Ayun Pa Gia Lai

in thoi: 059.3657236 Fax: 059. 3657236

Cng ty c phn Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai

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MC LC

****

GII THIU CH U T 6

CHNG I: NHNG CN C V S CN THIT U T 7

I. NHNG CN C PHP L V THC T. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

1.Ch trng pht trin ngnh ma ng Vit Nam n nm 2020 v nh hng n nm 2030: ----- 7

2. Tnh cp thit ca d n u t: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

3. Th trng sn xut v tiu th ng: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

4. Tim nng pht trin nng lng in t b ma: ------------------------------------------------------------------ 17

5. nh gi thc trng - Tim nng pht trin vng nguyn liu ca Cng ty c phn Ma ng -

Nhit in Gia Lai. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

6. Hin trng thit b my mc - Quy m cng sut - Thi gian sn xut - Gii hn hiu qu thu hi

ng, pht trin vng nguyn liu:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

II - Kt lun v s cn thit u t 25

CHNG II - GII PHP V K HOCH PHT TRIN VNG NGUYN LIU P NG D N

M RNG CNG SUT 6.000 TMN 26

1. Kh nng v iu kin t nhin sn xut nguyn liu ma Gia Lai: ...................................... 26

2. Kh nng pht trin trng ma nguyn liu. .............................................................................. 27

3. K hoch pht trin nng sut, sn lng ma trn tng a bn ca cc vng ma nguyn liu trong

cc thi k 2012 - 2015 v nh hng ti nm 2020: ................................................................... 27

4. Kh nng p ng ma nguyn liu sau quy hoch. .................................................................. 28

5. Gii php u t v pht trin vng nguyn liu ca Cng ty c phn ma ng - nhit in Gia

Lai: ........................................................................................................................................... 29

6. Khi ton vn u t pht trin vng nguyn liu ................................................................. 33

CHNG III: GII PHP NNG CP THIT B - MY MC - CNG NGH LN MC CNG

SUT 6.000 TMN 38

I. Gii thiu:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 38

II. nh gi trang thit b, cng ngh ca dy chuyn sn xut hin c: ---------------------------------------- 38

1. Phng php cng ngh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38

2. iu kin trang thit b: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39

III. La chn nng sut v loi hnh sn phm: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 39

IV. a im xy dng. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40

V. Cng ngh v k thut. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40

1. C s ca qu trnh thit k: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40


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2. La chn cng ngh v thit b: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

CHNG IV: MI TRNG V CC BIN PHP X L

I. Ngun gc gy nhim mi trng. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 68

II. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68

III. Cc bin php khng ch nhim. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 69

IV. Tiu chun v mi trng. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74

V. Cng tc phng chng chy n. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74

CHNG V: XY DNG

1. Gii php b tr mt bng xy dng: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76

2. Gii php kt cu: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 76

3. Gii php xy dng: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77

CHNG VI: T CHC QUN L D N

I. T chc ban qun l iu hnh d n: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79

II. Hnh thc mua sm v la chn nh thu. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79

III. T chc thi cng xy lp v tin thc hin. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 80

IV. T chc sn xut. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80

V. Phng n nhn s: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81

CHNG VII- PHN TCH TI CHNH - HIU QU KINH T - X HI

I. THNG S D N NNG CP NH MY NG AYUNPA LN 6.000 TMN: ----------------------- 82

1. Tng quan thng tin d n: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82

2. Cc gi nh thng s u vo cho d n: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82

II. NI DUNG PHN TCH TI CHNH - KINH T - X HI ------------------------------------------------------- 84

1. Danh mc trang thit b u t, ci to. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84

2. Bng tng hp chi ph u t. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84

3. Tng hp ngun vn, danh mc v tin u t. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 85

4. K hoch khu hao ti sn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 85

5. Gi bn cc sn phm - Gi mua nguyn vt liu u vo d kin: ------------------------------------------ 88

6. Sn lng sn phm: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89

7. Nhu cu vn lu ng: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 91

8. Chi ph li vay cho d n nng cp 6.000 TMN: -------------------------------------------------------------------- 93

9. Gi thnh sn xut ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95

10. Chi ph s dng vn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98

11. Kt qu kinh doanh ca cng ty trc khi u t nng cp: -------------------------------------------------- 99

12. Kt qu kinh doanh ca cng ty sau khi u t nng cp: --------------------------------------------------- 101

13. Bng d phng dng tin d n: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103


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14. K hoch tr n vn vay u t. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106

15. Mt s biu tnh ton khc: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 107

III. PHN TCH CH TIU TI CHNH V HIU QU KT - XH. -------------------------------------------------- 108

1. nh gi hiu qu ti chnh - kinh t ca d n: ------------------------------------------------------------------- 108

2. K hoch chi tr c tc: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109

3. So snh li nhun sau thu: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110

4. Hiu qu kinh t ca vn u t (PI ratio - Profitable Index): --------------------------------------------------- 111

5. Phn tch, nh gi cc yu t phi ti chnh tc ng n d n --------------------------------------------- 111

6. Phn tch nhy ca d n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 113

7. Hiu qu kinh t x hi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122

CHNG VIII - KT LUN - KIN NGH

1. Nng sut v cht lng sn phm: ................................................................................. 124

2. Cng ngh v thit b: ..................................................................................................... 125

3. Mi trng: .................................................................................................................... 126

4. Xy dng: ...................................................................................................................... 126

5. Kt lun: ........................................................................................................................ 126


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DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

*****

1. Chng trnh o to Thc s ti chnh cng Fulbright - Ti liu Thm nh d n u t

cng.

2. Gio trnh chuyn ngnh Khoa Ti chnh doanh nghip - H Kinh t TP.HCM - B mn: "Ti

chnh doanh nghip hin i", "Hoch nh ngn sch vn u t", "Lp m hnh ti chnh".

3. Phng Ma ng - CTCP SXTM Thnh Thnh Cng - Bo co nh gi nng lc cnh

tranh SEC.

4. Ti liu Kingsman - Asia Pacific - Sugar Conference, June 2012, Bangkok, Thailand.

5. Quyt nh 124/Q-TTg ban hnh 02/02/2012: Ph duyt quy hoch tng th pht trin sn

xut nng nghip n 2020 v tm nhn 2020.

6. Chin lc pht trin nng nghip nng thn giai on 2011-2020 ban hnh km cng vn

3310/BNN-KH ngy 12/10/2009.

7. Quyt nh 26/2007/TTg ca Chnh ph v vic "Ph duyt quy hoch pht trin ngnh ma

ng n nm 2010 v nh hng 2020"

8. Website UBND tnh Gia Lai: www.gialai.gov.vn

9. CTCP Ma ng Nhit in Gia Lai SEC - D n nng cao nng lc cnh tranh, pht

trin vng nguyn liu ma ging ca Phng nguyn liu.

10. Cc ngun ti liu khc t cc phng tin truyn thng, bo ch.


10.10.2012

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GII THIU CH U T

Tn cng ty : CNG TY C PHN MA NG - NHIT IN GIA LAI

Tn ting anh : GIALAI CANE SUGAR THEMOELECTRICITY JOINT STOCK

COMPANY

Tn vit tt : SEC

a ch : 561 Trn Hng o, Phng Cheoreo, Th x Ayunpa, Tnh Gia Lai

in thoi : (059) 3 657 236 Fax: (059) 3 657 236

Website : www.secgialai.com.vn

Email : [email protected]

Vn iu l : 174.065.800.000 ng (Mt trm by mi bn t khng trm su mi

lm triu tm trm ngn ng).

Mnh gi c phn : 10.000 ng/c phn

Tng s c phn : 17.406.580 c phn

Tng gim c : ng Cp Thnh Dng

Ngi i din theo php lut: B Nguyn Th Hoa (Ch tch HQT)

Tin thn ca Cng ty Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai l Cng ty TNHH Ma ng Bourbon Gia

Lai c thnh lp trn c s lin doanh gia Cng ty Ma ng Gia Lai (trc thuc UBND tnh

Gia Lai) v Groupe Des Societes De Bourbon (Cng ha Php) theo giy php u t s 1950/GP

ngy 18/7/1997 ca b K hoch v u t vi cng sut thit k 1,500 tn ma/ngy. Nm 2007,

Tp on Bourbon chuyn nhng ton b phn vn gp cho Cng ty Ma ng Gia Lai, ngy

19/10/2007, Cng ty TNHH Ma ng Bourbon Gia Lai chuyn i thnh Cng ty c phn Ma

ng - Nhit in Gia Lai trn c s c phn ha Cng ty TNHH Ma ng Bourbon Gia Lai.

Cng ty c S k hoch v u t tnh cp giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s

5900.421.955 ngy 18/5/2012 (ln7) . Hin nay Cng ty l n v hch ton c lp, hot ng kinh

doanh theo lut doanh nghip, iu l Cng ty v cc quy nh php l c lin quan. C phiu ca

CTCP Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai hin ang c nim yt v giao dch trn sn giao dch

chng khon TP.HCM (HOSE) vi m chng khon SEC (bt u t 06/01/2010).


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CHNG I: NHNG CN C V S CN THIT U T

I. NHNG CN C PHP L V THC T.

1.Ch trng pht trin ngnh ma ng Vit Nam n nm 2020 v nh hng n nm 2030:

Cn c Quyt nh s 124/Q-TTg ban hnh ngy 02/02/2012 v vic "Ph duyt quy hoch

tng th pht trin sn xut ngnh nng nghip n nm 2020 v tm nhn n 2030", ngnh ma

ng c Chnh ph ph duyt nh hng pht trin nh sau:

Din tch quy hoch n nh 300.000 hecta, trong vng nguyn liu cc nh my t

220.000 ha. B tr 4 vng trng im ma ng bao gm: Bc Trung B 80.000 ha, Nam Trung B

v Ty Nguyn 53.000 ha, ng Nam B 37.000 ha, ng bng Sng Cu Long 52.000 ha. Tp

trung thm canh, bo m c nc ti, s dng ging c nng sut, tr ng cao v ri v, a

nng sut ma vo nm 2020 t bnh qun 80 tn/ha.

Ch bin ng: Khng xy dng thm nh my mi, tp trung m rng cc nh my hin c,

u t chiu su, hin i ha dy chuyn sn xut nng cao hiu qu thu hi v cht lng

sn phm; u t thm phn sn xut ng luyn p ng nhu cu th trng. n nm 2020,

tng cng sut p t 140.000 TMN, sn lng ng t 2 triu tn, p ng nhu cu tiu th ni

a v c th xut khu.

Quan im pht trin ca Chnh ph v B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn cng nu r:

Trong thi gian ti sn xut ma ng phi m bo hiu qu kinh t x hi v bn vng, bo v

mi trng sinh thi ph hp vi quy hoch chuyn i c cu nng nghip v kinh t nng thn

theo hng cng nghip ho - hin i ho.

Trong "Chin lc pht trin nng nghip nng thn giai on 2011-2020" ban hnh km cng

vn 3310/BNN-KH ngy 12/10/2009 ca B NN&PTNT cng nu r mc tiu n nm 2020 pht

trin vng cy cng nghip hng ha c li th cnh tranh trong c ma ng, to thnh vng

nguyn liu quy m ln gn vi ch bin, hng ti thay th cho nhp khu, trong ma ng

t sn lng 25 triu tn ma cy.

Ch tiu VT Nm

2011

Nm

2012

Nm

2013

Nm

2014

Nm

2015

Nm

2011

4. Cy cng nghip hng nm

4.3 Ma

-Din tch 1000 ha 300 300 300 300 300 300

-Nng sut T/ha 670 690 720 750 770 850

-Sn lng 1000 tn 20,100 20,700 21,600 22,500 23,100 25,500

(Ngun: Biu 1 - Ph lc 2 - Chin lc pht trin nng nghip nng thn giai on 2011-2020).


10.10.2012

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y chnh l nguyn tc ch o cc nh my ng hin c u t chiu su, hin i ho,

m rng nng sut hin c mt cch hp l ph hp vi vng nguyn liu v th trng.

2. Tnh cp thit ca d n u t:

Vi tc tng trng kinh t c cc t chc quc t d bo s t c mc cao t 7-

10%/nm trong giai on n nm 2015 v nh hng n 2020, Vit Nam s tr thnh nn kinh

t c quy m tng ng nh Thailand hin nay. Do , nhu cu ng phc v sn xut cc

ngnh cng nghip thc phm, nc gii kht v tiu dng gia nh ti Vit Nam chc chn s tng

trng mnh, a tng cu ng tiu th c nc ln ti khong 2-2.5 triu tn/nm vi mc tiu

th ng bnh qun s dn tng ln mc 20-25 kg ng/ngi n nm 2020 so vi mc khong

14.8 kg/ngi hin nay.

Mc d trong thi gian ngn hn (n 2015) ngnh ng Vit Nam s d tha cc b v s m

rng qu nhanh ca ngun cung ni a so vi s chng li ca nhu cu tiu th v b nh hng

ca suy thoi kinh t. Tuy nhin trn c s xu hng pht trin khch quan n nm 2020 nh trn,

ngnh ma ng cn c s chun b, i tt n u v u t ng mc nhm to ra ngun cung

p ng c nhu cu sn xut trong nc trong thi gian ti.

m bo c ngun cung ng ni a khng nhng gip n nh cn cn thng mi quc

gia, gim bt gi tr ng nhp siu hng nm ln ti hng trm triu USD nh cc nm trc y.

Bn cnh , cng vi s u t m rng theo chiu su ca ngnh ma ng, cc tc ng x

hi lan ta s gn lin vi c cu cy trng cng nghip (cy ma) n nh, nng sut cao, kt hp

cng ngh canh tc hin i gip nng cao sinh k, thu nhp cho ngi dn trng ma, gp phn

n nh v kinh t - chnh tr - x hi.

Vi cng sut ln hn, cng ngh sn xut hin i hn, NM AyunPa s m bo l u mi

tiu th ton b khi lng ma nguyn liu ln hn cho ngi trng ma trn vng nguyn liu ca

cng ty, ng thi rt ngn thi gian sn xut, gip nng cao hn hiu qu kinh t cho c doanh

nghip (SEC) v c ngi nng dn trng ma.

Bn cnh , khu vc min Trung - Ty Nguyn c cc t chc trong nc v quc t nh

gi s l 1 trong 3 vng canh tc ma trng im ca Vit Nam bi nhng c im c th thun

li v iu kin t ai, th nhng. Do , vi a bn vng nguyn liu rt thun li hin nay,

CTCP Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai cn m rng hn na cng sut ch bin nhm khai thc

hiu qu hn cc li th v kinh t, vng nguyn liu, ng thi gip thit lp vng ma nguyn liu

n nh gn lin vi ngi trng ma trn a bn cc huyn IaPa, Ph Thin, Krong Pa, ChuProng,

AyunPa thuc tnh Gia Lai.

Trong l trnh m ca nn kinh t v theo cam kt AFTA - CEPT, Vit Nam s dn tho d hng

ro thu quan i vi mt hng ng nhp khu t cc quc gia trong khu vc ASEAN theo l


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trnh cam kt xung mc d kin 0% vo nm 2015 hoc tr nht l nm 2018 v ng l mt

hng nng sn nhy cm. Do , p lc cnh tranh t ng nhp khu Thailand l cc k ln bi

v ng Thailand c nhiu li th hn so vi mt hng ng sn xut trong nc hin nay nh

cng sut nh my, cng ngh sn xut, cht lng ng, gi thnh sn xut .... V vy, nng cp

nh my ng AyunPa l iu tt yu nhm gia tng nng lc cnh tranh ca ngnh ma ng

Vit Nam trc p lc cnh tranh ca hng nhp khu.

L trnh ct gim thu sut theo cam kt AFTA CEPT (Q 36/2008/Q-BTC ban hnh ngy

12/6/2008):

(Ngun: SEC tng hp)

3. Th trng sn xut v tiu th ng:

3.1. Thnh phm ng:

Hin nay sn phm ng sn xut t cy ma bao gm 1 s loi ch yu c tiu th rng ri

trn th trng nh sau:

ng th (Raw Sugar): Nguyn liu ch bin ng trng, chim t trng ln nht vi

khong 60% th trng ng th gii.

ng trng (white sugar): Bao gm 2 loi:

- ng trng n in (Plantation standar white sugar): RS

- ng trng cao cp (Refined white sugar): RE

S dng trc tip ch bin cc mt hng n ung, cng nghip ch bin ung - thc

phm, dc phm....

ng nu, ng vng (Brown sugar):

c s dng trc tip ch bin thc phm, hng n ung, tuy nhin s lng tiu

th v sn xut khng ng k.

ng phn, ng mt, ng kt....:

Ch yu sn xut bi cc c s ch bin th cng, chim t trng rt nh so vi cc loi

ng thnh phm khc.


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Vi xu hng pht trin ca nn kinh t v i sng x hi nhm sn phm ng trng (white

sugar) s vn tip tc l sn phm c tiu th nhiu nht v ch yu trong thp k ti, tuy nhin

s c s chuyn dch ng k t trng tiu th gia ung RS v RE. Theo , ng RS mc d

vn ng vai tr quan trng song s gim dn t trng tiu th trong giai on t y n nm

2016, thay vo s l ng RE.

Do , trong nh hng sn phm mc tiu ca SEC, trn c s nh my, trang thit b hin

hu trong giai on t nay n 2016 sn phm sn xut chnh vn l ng RS v ng th, t l

sn xut s ty thuc din bin th trng ma ng tng giai on. Tuy nhin cng ty s p dng

cc cng ngh tin tin nht (Blanco Directo, Pht phat ha, Cabonat ha ...) m bo sn

phm ng tim cn dn vi cht lng ng RE. Sau giai on trn SEC s tin ti sn xut

hon ton ng RE p ng nhu cu tiu th ca th trng v x hi.

3.2. D bo cung - cu th trng ng th gii:

Hin nay trn th gii c hn 100 quc gia sn xut ng t ma v c ci. Trong nhng nm

gn y trn 70% sn lng ng c s dung tiu th ni a, 30% sn lng ng dng cho

xut khu. S quc gia sn xut ng ma khong 70 quc gia, sn lng ng ma chim trn

70%-80% sn lng ng th gii, trong v 2012-2012 sn lng ng p t ma c d

bo chim 78.1% sn lng ng ton cu.

(NgunS&D Groupe, Bangkok, 26/06/2012)

Th trng ng th gii tri qua 2 v ma thiu ht ng lin tip t 2008-2010 bi cc

nguyn nhn thi tit bt thng din ra ti India, Australia, Thailand v Brazil nhng quc gia sn

xut v xut khu ng hng u th gii, iu ny y gi ng th gii tng cao ln mc k

lc 36.02 cents/pound vo u nm 2011. Tuy nhin k t v ma 2010-2011, gi tiu th mc

cao kch thch cc quc gia m rng hot ng sn xut ng, do ngun cung ng th gii

phc hi mnh, a quan h cung cu ng dn tr v cn bng v bt u thng d trong cc

nm gn y. Lng ng thng d tip tc c d bo cn duy tr trong thi gian vi nm sp

ti khi tc tng trng nhu cu ng ton cu cha theo kp s gia tng v sn lng, m rng

din tch trng ma ti nhiu quc gia sn xut ma ng.

th tng cu v cung - cu ng th gii d bo v ma 2012-2013:


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Ngun: Hip hi ma ng th gii ISO, USDA

Tuy nhin, vi s phc hi v tng trng kinh t, nhu cu tiu th ng th gii cng lin tc

tng mnh trong cc nm qua v d bo tip tc tng trng trong cc nm tip theo t mc 167

triu tn (2011) ln mc 200 triu tn nm 2020.

(Ngun: Kingsman, Asia Pacific Sugar Conference 2012)

Cng vi vic gia tng dn s trn th gii nhu cu tiu th ng hng nm tng ln n nh

u n, sn lng ng c xu hng tng nhng bin ng tri st khng n nh

Ti chu , vi dn s hn 3.7 t ngi nhu cu tiu th ng bnh qun lin tc tng mnh

trong cc nm qua, t mc 10.7 kg/ngi (1990) ln mc 17.5 kg/ngi (2011) l mt trong nhng


10.10.2012

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th trng tiu th ng ln nht th gii. Trong khi , sn lng ng sn xut hng nm vn

cha p ng c nhu cu tiu th lin tc tng trong khu vc, nhu cu c bit tng mnh ti cc

nn kinh t mi ni, dn u bi Trung Quc, n . Tnh trng cung khng cung cp cu d

bo s cn tip tc ko di trong thi gian ti, v vy chu vn l khu vc phi nhp khu ng

v n nm 2020 th trng chu d bo s chim n 45% tng nhu cu tiu th ng ca

ton th gii.

Nhu cu tiu th ung ti Trung Quc d kin s tng trng mnh v t mc khong 18

triu tn n nm 2020, trong khi sn lng sn xut d bo ch t khong 14-15 triu tn

trong cng thi gian trn. Do , nhu cu nhp khu rng ca th trng Trung Quc s lin tc gia

tng mnh t mc 1.1 triu tn/nm hin nay ln khong 4 - 5 triu tn/nm trong cc nm sp ti.

Bng thng k cung - cu tiu th ng t 2005-2012:

(Ngun: Czarnikow Group, June 2012).

Trong d bo mi nht ca JP Morgan ti Hi ngh ma ng chu t chc vo thng

6/2012, nhu cu tiu th ti Trung Quc v n s ng gp 60% trong tng trng nhu cu

ng th gii, trong s tng trng nhu cu ti Trung Quc s ng vai tr rt quan trng nh

hng ti din bin th trng ng ton cu.


10.10.2012

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(Ngun: USDA, JP Morgan Research)

Ti khu vc ng Nam , hu ht cc quc gia thnh vin ASEAN u nhp khu rng ng

hng nm, c th:

XK rng Cn bng Nhp khu rng

Thailand Myanmar

Philipines

Vit Nam

Indonesia

Cambodia (*)

Lo (*)

Malaysia

Brunei

Singapore

(Ngun: Kingsman, Asia Pacific Sugar Conference 2012)

Ghi ch (*):

Ti Campuchia hin c 5 d n NM, quy m t 4.000-12.000 TMN ang xy dng, n cui

nm 2012 d kin 3 trong s s i vo hot ng, v ma 2015/2016 s cung ng cho th trng

khong 300.000 tn ng, vt nhu cu tiu th ni a ti Campuchia. Trong khi , ti Lo 3 d

n NM vi quy m t 6.000-7.000 TMN ang c trin khai xy dng, n v 2015/2016 d kin

cung ng khong 150.000 tn ng cho th trng, d ng xut khu. Do , trong tng lai

di hn sau 2015, Lo v Campuchia s tr thnh 2 quc gia xut khu rng v tr thnh i th

cnh tranh mnh vi cc NM Vit Nam bi li th cnh tranh rt ln nh gi thnh sn xut rt

thp.

Trong khi sn lng xut khu rng t Thailand vn ang vt tri so vi nhu cu ca cc

quc gia trong khu vc trong thi gian qua:


10.10.2012

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(Ngun LMC International, Kingsman Asia-Pacific Conference 2012)

Theo nhn nh ca cc chuyn gia kinh t th vic khan him dn ti nguyn du m s h tr

gi du th gii c xu hng tng dn trong di hn, cc quc gia buc phi y mnh tm kim

cc ngun nhin liu xanh, sch trong tng lai gn, c bit l nhin liu sinh hc Ethanol sn

xut t cy ma. y s l c hi tt cho s pht trin ca ngnh ng th gii ni chung v

ngnh ng Vit Nam ni ring khi mt phn nguyn liu ma, c ci v mt r c chuyn sang

sn xut cn nhin liu.

3.3. D bo xu hng sn xut v tiu th ng trong nc:

Ngun cung trong nc:

Trong cc nm gn y, khi cc nh my ng lin tc nng cp m rng cng sut gip

y mnh sn lng ng sn xut trong nc t mc xp x 1 triu tn ng v 2009 - 2010 ln

mc d bo khong hn 1.35 triu tn ng trong v ma 2011-2012. Ngun cung ni a tng

mnh, kt hp vi lng ng nhp khu rt ln qua ng tiu ngch bin gii Ty Nam v

nhu cu tiu th chng li v suy thoi kinh t chm dt thi k thiu ht ng tn ti trong

nhiu nm trc y, th trng ng bt u chuyn sang trng thi thng d t v ma 2011-

2012. Tnh hnh cung vt cu d kin s tip tc duy tr v gy ra tnh trng d tha cc b i vi

ngnh ma ng Vit Nam trong thi gian t y n nm 2015.

Nhn nh th trng ng Vit Nam:

- Giai on 2012-2015: Th trng ng ni a (nu khng XK sang Trung Quc) c th ri

vo tnh trng d tha cc b v nhu cu tiu th cha phc hi kp so vi tc m rng ca

ngnh vi sn lng bnh qun d kin t 50-150 ngn tn/nm, bn cnh sn lng ng

nhp lu t Thailand c th lm gia tng ngun cung ni a. Tuy nhin, tnh hnh din bin thc t

cho thy lng ng kh ln t Vit Nam c xut sang Trung Quc qua ng tiu ngch bi

chnh lch gi gia 2 nc (gi bnh qun ti Trung Quc hin khong 590 NDT/kg ng, tng


10.10.2012

Trang 15

ng 19.000 ng/kg), bn cnh t 2012-2018 Trung Quc s l quc gia nhp khu rng vi

lng ng nhp c th ln ti 5 triu tn/nm. Do , th trng ng Vit Nam mc d tha

cc b v danh ngha song thc t sn lng d tha s xut khu sang th trng Trung Quc.

- T nm 2015 theo cam kt AFTA/CEPT, thu nhp khu ng gia cc nc ni khi

ASEAN c th ch cn 0%, tuy nhin lng ng nhp khu vn b gii hn theo hn ngch hng

nm, do vy mi e da t ng Thailand, Camphuchia, Laos t nhp khu sang th trng Vit

Nam vn s c kim sot cht ch bi Chnh ph, trong khi ng nhp khu ngoi hn

ngch khng gii hn s lng song thu NK ln ti 80-100%.

Kt lun:

Vi nhng nhn nh trn y, mc d s chu p lc t vic gia tng ngun cung cc b song

gi ng ni a s kh gim su hn so vi mc y ca nm 2012, y ca khng hong kinh t

Vit Nam, s phc hi ca kinh t Vit Nam t nm 2012 tr i s l yu t quan trng thc y

nhu cu tiu th th trng, trong l i vi ngnh sn xut nc gii kht, thc phm, ung -

ngun tiu th ng ln nht trong nn kinh t.

Bng tng hp d bo cung - cu th trng ng Vit Nam n nm 2025:

Nm

Tiu th

b.q Dn s Nhu cu

Cung ni

a

CS

tng SL tng Nhp khu

Tng

cung

Cung -

Cu

kg/ngi

tr.ng

i

ngn

tn ngn tn TMN

ngn

tn

AFT

A

Nhp

lu

rng ngn tn

200

9 11,50

81,7 960 910 - - 63 0 973 0

201

0 13,40

86,9 1.165 1.010 - 100 66 100

1.17

6 11

201

1 14,80

87,8 1.300 1.150 17.000 140 69 150

1.36

9 69

201

2 15,41

89,0 1.371 1.350 15.000 210 73 100

1.52

3 152

201

3 16,04

90,1 1.446 1.490 10.000 140 76 100

1.66

6 221

201

4 16,70

91,3 1.525 1.560 5.000 70 80 100

1.74

0 216

201

5 17,38

92,5 1.608 1.630 5.000 70 84 100

1.81

4 207

201

6 18,09

93,7 1.695 1.700 5.000 70 88 100

1.88

8 193

201 18,84 94,9 1.788 1.770 5.000 70 93 100 1.96 175


10.10.2012

Trang 16

7 3

201

8 19,61

96,2 1.885 1.840 5.000 70 97 100

2.03

7 152

201

9 20,41

97,4 1.988 1.952 8.000 112 102 100

2.15

4 166

202

0 21,25

98,9 2.101 2.064 8.000 112 107 100

2.27

1 171

202

1 22,12

100,3 2.220 2.176 8.000 112 113 100

2.38

9 169

202

2 23,03

101,9 2.345 2.288 8.000 112 118 100

2.50

6 161

202

3 23,97

103,4 2.478 2.428 10.000 140 124 100

2.65

2 174

202

4 24,95

104,9 2.618 2.568 10.000 140 131 100

2.79

9 180

202

5 25,98

106,5 2.767 2.708 10.000 140 137 100

2.94

5 179

(Ngun SEC tng hp)

Nhu cu tiu th:

Tuy nhin, n nm 2015 dn s ca nc ta d bo khong 95 triu ngi, tc tng trng

kinh t hng nm khong 6,5 7,5%, lng ng c s dng cho cc ngnh ch bin thc

phm, ung s chim 65 75% tng nhu cu tiu th trong nc, v vy tng nhu cu tiu th

ng ti Vit Nam s tng trng mnh tim cn dn so vi cc quc gia ln cn trong khu vc.

Theo ISO, tng trng bnh qun mc tiu th ng ti Vit Nam s t tc bnh qun khong

4.1% n nm 2020; theo s liu t Hip hi Ma ng Vit Nam, tng nhu cu tiu th nm 2011

l 1.3 triu tn (bnh qun 14.8 kg/ngi), tnh ton theo d bo tng trng ca ISO, tng nhu cu

tiu th nm 2020 ca Vit Nam s t khong 2 triu tn ng, mc tiu th bnh qun d kin

t 20-25 kg/ngi/nm.

D bo cung cu th trng ng Vit Nam n nm 2025:


10.10.2012

Trang 17

(Ngun SEC tng hp v d bo)

Kt lun:

Nh vy d n Nng cng sut Nh my ng Ayunpa t 3.200 TMN ln 6.000 TMN do Cng

ty c phn Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai lm ch u t c th s phi i mt vi ri ro d tha

ng trong ngn hn (n 2015) tuy nhin trong nh hng pht trin di hn d n nng cp ln

6.000 TMN l ph hp vi xu th pht trin ca nn kinh t v th trng, c bit giai on sau

nm 2015. Ngun cung t NM AyunPa s l l ngun b sung quan trng gip m bo ngun

cung trong nc, gim tnh trng nhp khu ng, gp phn gim thm ht thng mi ca nn

kinh t, gp phn ci thin v n nh sinh k ca ngi dn trng ma trong khu vc.

4. Tim nng pht trin nng lng in t b ma:

SEC hin l cng ty u tin v duy nht ca ngnh ng bn in thng phm theo chi ph biu

gi chi ph trnh c, mc gi bn bnh qun d kin 2012 t khong 1.000 ng/Kwh, tng gp

gn 50% so vi mc gi c nh 698 ng/Kwh trc y. y l c s cc k quan trng gip SEC

mnh dn u t, y mnh hot ng pht in ln li quc gia.

th gi bn v sn lng in pht theo biu gi chi ph trnh c nm 2012:

1000,0

1500,0

2000,0

2500,0

3000,0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Nhu cu tiu th Cung trong nc


10.10.2012

Trang 18

(Ngun: SEC thng k, tng hp).

5. nh gi thc trng - Tim nng pht trin vng nguyn liu ca Cng ty c phn Ma ng - Nhit

in Gia Lai.

5.1. Thc trng, li th vng nguyn liu:

V tr v quy m vng nguyn liu:

Vng nguyn liu ma ca Cng ty c phn Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai nm trong quy

hoch t nng nghip vi hn 200.000 ha ca tnh Gia Lai. Ngoi din tch t c quy hoch

cho pht trin cy ma th din tch t nng nghip ang trng cc loi cy mu khc c iu kin

th nhng ph hp vi cy ma ln n 45.000 ha. Vic chuyn i sang trng cy ma em li

hiu qu kinh t cao hn so vi cc loi cy trng hin ti v c chnh quyn ng h, do kh

nng m rng vng nguyn liu ma ca nh my l rt ln. Vng nguyn liu ma ch yu tp

trung cc huyn Ph Thin, Iapa, Krngpa, Ayunpa ca tnh Gia Lai.

Tng din tch trng ma nm 2011/2012 khong 7.000 ha, p ng cho nh my cng sut

3.000 3.500 TMN.

Din tch, nng sut v sn lng ma:

Nin v 2008/2009 din tch trng ma ca cng ty l 3.857 ha, sn lng ma t 191.542 tn,

lng ma a vo ma p 176.554 tn . Nin v 2009/2010 din tch trng ma l 3.881 ha, sn

lng ma t 209.069 tn, lng ma a vo p 170.361 tn. Nin v 2010/2011 din tch trng

ma 5.238 ha, sn lng ma t 335.000 tn, lng ma a vo p 290.000 tn. Nin v

2011/2012 din tch trng ma 7.298 ha, sn lng ma d kin t 474.000 tn, lng ma a vo

p d kin 430.000 - 450.000 tn; V ma 2012-2013, din tch trng ma c m rng ln

khong 8.400 ha, cung cp sn lng ma tng ng 546.000 tn ma cy.

Qua nghin cu cho thy nng sut ma trong vng ph thuc rt nhiu vo iu kin thi tit t

nhin, nc ti cho ma hon ton ph thuc vo lng ma hng nm. Cc bin php khoa hc

k thut p dng cho trng ma cha c trin khai rng v ng b.Cng tc chm sc ma sau

698

916

935

1,241

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Sn lng n gi


10.10.2012

Trang 19

khi trng trt cha c nng dn ch trng. Qui trnh chm bn, thm canh cha c p dng

rng ri.

Nng sut ma trong vng qua cc nm nh sau:

(Ngun: Bo co nng lc cnh tranh ca TTC)

Nng sut ma trong vng nguyn liu ca SEC.

STT Nin v 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12

1 Tng din tch ma (Ha) 3.941 4.052 3.857 3.881 5.238 7.300

2 Tng sn lng ma (Tn) 246.600 220.848 191.542 209.069 335.000 474.000

3 Nng sut ma ( Tn/ha ) 62,5 54,5 57,2 53,9 63,9 64.9

(Ngun: Cng ty CP Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai)

Tng sn lng ma ton vng nguyn liu nin v 2012 2013 d kin t khong 544.000

tn v ti nm 2015 d kin t 933.000 tn ma (trong ma p cung cp cho nh my l

840.000 tn). Nh vy, sn lng ma hin nay ca vng nguyn liu hon ton c th p ng

ma nguyn liu cho nh my hot ng vi quy m 6.000 TMN.

th d bo vng nguyn liu SEC n nm 2025:

0%

4%

8%

12%

16%

20%

,0

15,0

30,0

45,0

60,0

75,0

2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 E

2011/12

NNG SUT MA CC V (tn/ha)

SEC

C nc

,0 15,0 30,0 45,0 60,0 75,0

Ayunpa Ia pa Ph

Thin Trung

bnh

SEC

Ton

tnh

NNG SUT MA CC VNG V TNH GIA LAI (tn/ha)

,0

3500,0

7000,0

10500,0

14000,0

17500,0

,0

200000,0

400000,0

600000,0

800000,0

1000000,0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Sn lng ma p Din tch


10.10.2012

Trang 20


C ly vn chuyn:

Vng nguyn liu ca nh my c tp trung chnh Th x Ayunpa, huyn Ph Thin, Ia-

Pa,.. din tch cn li c phn b cc huyn ln cn th x nn c ly vn chuyn n nh my

tng i ngn. C ly vn chuyn ma t rung ma n nh my nm trong khong c ly 30 km,

y l iu kin thun li cho Cng ty trong vic tit kim chi ph vn chuyn. Sau khi m rng din

tch trng ma cc huyn ln cn, chi ph vn chuyn ma v nh my s tng ln.

Phn b nguyn liu v c ly vn chuyn vng nguyn liu SEC v 2011-2012:

Khu vc Din tch Sn lng Nng sut

(tn/ha)

C ly V/chuyn

trung bnh (km) ha T l tn T l

Ph Thin 3.357 46% 216.000 46% 64,3 20

Ayunpa 525 8% 31.000 6% 59,0 10

Ia Pa 3.239 44% 216.000 46% 66,8 30

ChProng 90 1% 5.700 1% 63,3 65

Khc 87 1% 5.000 1% 57,5 100

Tng cng 7.298 100% 473.700 100% 64,9 25,3

(Ngun: Khi nguyn liu SEC, Phng Ma ng TTC)

Cht lng, tr ng, t l hao ma/ng

Hin ti cht lng ma nguyn liu khu vc ny cao hn mc trung bnh c nc (CCS bnh

qun c v thng cao hn 10), y l yu t thun li lng ng thu hi, gim gi thnh sn

xut, cnh tranh so vi cc khu vc khc trong nc.

Thc t sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty CP Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai nhng nm va

qua cho thy: thi im thu hoch thun li, cht lng ma tt nht ko di khong 140 150 ngy

t thng 12 n cui thng 4 hoc u thng 5 hng nm.

S liu thng k ca Nh my v Khi nng nghip phn nh tr ng trong cy ma ti vng

nguyn liu ca SEC t mc kh cao, cao hn so vi mc bnh qun ca c nc, giai on nh

im ca v p c th t t 11-13 CCS, bnh qun c v dao ng t 9-11 CCS y l yu t rt

thun li gip SEC nng cao hiu qu sn xut.

th o ch ng v ma 2011-2012:


10.10.2012

Trang 21

(Ngun: Phng Nguyn liu - SEC)

5.2. nh gi v tim nng pht trin

Kh nng cnh tranh so cc loi cy trng khc

Theo s liu trung bnh trong hai nm 2010 v 2011 cho thy cy ma c kh nng cnh tranh

tt so vi cc cy trng chnh khc.

So snh kh nng cnh tranh ca mt s cy trng chnh so vi cy ma:

Ch tiu so snh Ma t Ma gc Khoai m Rau mu La Bp

T.gian thu hoch (thng) 12 12 10 4,5 4 4

Gi bn (/kg) 950 950 2.000 3.000 5.900 7.700

Nng sut (tn/ha) 60 60 20,0 35,0 5,0 4,5

Gi vn (/kg) 723 441 1.235 2.254 3.916 5.590

Li nhun (1,000 ) 13.610 30.600 15.300 26.105 9.919 9.495

Li nhun quy 12 thng 13.610 30.600 18.360 69.613 29.757 28.485

V gi tr thu nhp so vi nhng m hnh lun canh cy trng (1 v la + 1 v mu) th li th

cnh tranh ca cy ma thp hn. Cy ma (trung bnh 1 v ma t + ba v ma lu gc) ch c li

th hn so vi cy khoai m. Tuy nhin, cy la v cy mu khc ch trng c trn nhng vng

t tt, ch ng nc ti nn s khng nh hng n din tch trng ma ca SEC.

Ch ng bnh qun qua cc thng

8.98 9.08

10

10.53

10.11 10.01

88.5

99.5

1010.5

11

Thn

g 11

/201

1

Thn

g 12

/201

1

Thn

g 01

/201

2

Thn

g 02

/201

2

Thn

g 03

/201

2

Thn

g 04

/201

2

Thng trong v ma

%


10.10.2012

Trang 22

Ngun: c tnh ca Phng Ma ng

Kh nng pht trin m rng, chuyn i cy trng khc sang cy ma:

Ch tiu Ph

Thin

Ayun

Pa IaPa

Krng

Pa

Ch

Prng

Mang

Yang,

Ch S

Cng

Tng DT t t nhin 50.473 27.752 76.750 162.714 169.552 497,441

t sn xut nng nghip 45.277 5.945 26.272 42.016 155.176 274,706

Cy sn 2.500 750 7.123 7.372 4.050 22,905

Cy hoa mu 270 139 3.620 120 305 4,454

La 01 v 350 2.216 2.100 3.200 7,766

Din tch c th chuyn i

sang trng ma 1.700 300 6.150 2.000 1.200 900 12.250

+ t trng, khai hoang 80 90 770 200 200 200 1.540

+ Din tch trng sn 1.560 200 4.380 1.600 700 550 8.990

+ Din tch hoa Mu & la 1

v 60 10 1.000 200 300 150 1.720

(Ngun: Khi Nguyn liu SEC)

Qua bng trn ta thy din tch t c kh nng chuyn sang trng ma ln n 12.250 ha,

nng tng din tch ma tim nng c th m rng ca SEC ln ti: 12.250ha + 8.400 ha (hin hu

v 2012-2013) = 20.650ha. Din tch ny cha tnh n t rng b ph chuyn sang trng ma, t

13610,0

30060,0 25947,50

18360,0

69613,333

29757,0 29121,0 32901,0

54036,0

,0

15000,0

30000,0

45000,0

60000,0

75000,0

Ma t Ma gc TB ma (1 t-3 gc)

Khoai m Rau 2 v La 2 v La + bp La + u La + rau

Li nhun theo m hnh canh tc quy i 12 thng (1,000 /ha)


10.10.2012

Trang 23

i ni cha s dng v qu t c th pht trin thm cc huyn khc, khu vc dc theo ng

bin gii Campuchia gip ranh huyn Ch Prong (n 5.000 ha).

Bn cnh , kh nng m rng din tch ti 2 huyn Krong Pa v Ch Prong, theo s liu mi

nht ti Cng vn 31/BC-SNN (thng 3/2012) ca on kho st lin ngnh ca UBND tnh Gia Lai,

din tch t xut quy hoch trng ma ti a bn 2 huyn ChProng v Krong Pa ln ti 9.000

ha. Tuy nhin, theo quan im thn trng ca Khi nguyn liu, tng ng vi cng sut ca

Nh my theo KH nng cp, din tch t m rng vng nguyn liu ma ti 2 huyn ny l: Krong

Pa: 2.000 ha, Chu Prong: 1.200 ha.

a

bn

Giai on 2012 -2015 (ha) Giai on 2015 -2020 (ha)

D kin

b tr

trn t

khc (*)

D

kin

QH

thc

hin

nm

2011

Cc loi cy trng

chuyn i sang trng

ma

D

kin

QH

thc

hin

nm

2012-

2015

Cc loi cy

trng chuyn

i sang trng

ma

Sn La

ry

Cy

mu

La

ry

Cy

mu

Krong

Pa 3.000 626 2.000 300 74 5.000 3.000 350 1650

Ch

Prng 2.300 109,4 1.500 690,6 4.000 2.300 1.700

(*): t sn xut nng nghip vng ti thy li Ia Mr

(Ngun: Cng vn 31/BC-SNN ngy 01/03/2012 ca S NN&PTNT tnh Gia Lai)

6. Hin trng thit b my mc - Quy m cng sut - Thi gian sn xut - Gii hn hiu qu thu hi ng,

pht trin vng nguyn liu:

6.1. Thit b my mc - Quy m cng sut:

Tri qua hn 15 nm hot ng t cng sut ban u l 1.000 TMN, Nh my ng AyunPa

tri qua cc ln u t, nng cng sut p, n v ma 2011-2012 ang hot ng cng sut

3.200 TMN, phn ln cc my mc thit b chnh c nhp t Trung Quc, trnh t ng ha

trong sn xut mc trung bnh thp. Theo c tnh hot ng ca nh my ng, sau 15 nm

hot ng SEC bt u vt ra khi khung thi gian khai thc nh my ti u, nhiu thit b, nh

xng qua qu trnh s dng dn xung cp, hay hng hc. iu ny gy ra rt nhiu bt li i

vi nng lc cnh tranh ca cng ty cng ty trong bi cnh cnh tranh ngy cng gay gt.

Qua kho st thc t cho thy vi h thng my mc dy chuyn hin ti, nh my c kh

nng hot ng n nh cng sut 3.200TMN, mt s my mc thit b c th p ng cng


10.10.2012

Trang 24

sut p 3.800 TMN, mc cng sut ny ch tng ng vi mc bnh qun ca ngnh ma ng

Vit Nam v xp vo loi nh my quy m nh. Gii hn v quy m sn xut nh v cng ngh sn

xut mang tnh t ng ha thp ang gy ra nhiu gii hn pht trin cho cng ty v vng nguyn

liu:

Vng ma nhiu tim nng m rng din tch, cc h nng dn sn sng v rt mun gn b lu

di trong vic canh tc cy ma, cung cp nguyn liu u vo cho nh my. Tuy nhin v quy

m p ma kh nh, do cng ty khng th tiu th ht ma ca nng dn nu nng dn t

chuyn i, thi gian sn xut ko di gy ra nhiu ri ro nh my v nng dn phi gnh chu:

Ma chy, ma bo, kh hn, st gim ch ng v ch trn ng di ngy sau khi n.....

iu ny buc cng ty phi kim sot cht ch, thn trng trong vic pht trin, m rng din

tch ma mi, khng th khai thc ht tim nng ca vng nguyn liu, ngi nng dn khng

khai thc hiu qu ti u trn din tch t ang s hu.

Trang thit b bt u hao mn nhiu, do vy hiu sut sn xut, thu hi ng khng cao,

cht lng ng khng n nh, gi thnh sn xut do cng gia tng so vi ng nhp

ngoi v cc NM trong ngnh, iu ny l nguy c cng ty phi i mt do s tt hu v my

mc, cng ngh trong thi gian sp ti.

Thi gian p ma, sn xut ko di cng gy nhiu h ly trong vic tranh ginh nguyn liu

gia cc nh my trong khu vc. Cc nh my c quy m nh trong khu vc ln cn thng

xuyn tranh ginh thu mua ma, gy nn tnh trng ln xn v vng nguyn liu, tiu tn nhiu

chi ph ca cng ty v ngi dn trong vic bo v, tiu th ma; thm ch c th nh hng n

s n nh pht trin kinh t - x hi ca a phng.

6.2. Thi gian sn xut - Hiu qu thu hi ng:

Cha kho m bo s thnh cng cho cc nh sn xut ng ma l: "Bit thu hoch ma

sch vo thi im ma chn". Nh xem xt trong phn nh gi kh nng ri v nguyn liu

trn, thi gian thu hoch ma tt nht l t gia thng 12 n u thng 5, tc l khong 140 - 150

ngy l tt nht

Nu duy tr nng sut p theo thit k nh hin nay (3.000 3.200 TMN) th thi gian p s phi

ko di trn 160 ngy . Vi thi gian sn xut ko di nh vy s c nh hng trc tip n cc

vn nh:

Hiu sut thu hi ng thp (t l ma/ng cao), gim hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh

ca Cng ty.

nh hng n nng sut v cht lng ma nguyn liu (c bit nh hng n thi

v trng mi v ma lu gc trong nhng nm tip theo), gim hiu qu sn xut ca nng

dn trng ma.

Tm li:


10.10.2012

Trang 25

Bi ton v hiu qu sn xut, khai thc hiu qu vng nguyn liu, nng cao nng lc cnh

tranh ca NM AyunPa u quy chung v mt nguyn nhn mu cht nht chnh l quy m nh

my v trnh cng ngh sn xut. Do , yu cu t ra trong thi gian ti cho Cng ty c phn

Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai l: Nng cao nng sut nh my ng, ci tin theo hng hin

i ha cng ngh sn xut nhm p ng kp vi s pht trin m rng vng nguyn liu v thu

c hiu qu sn xut cao nht.

II - Kt lun v s cn thit u t

1. D n "Nng cng sut Nh my ng Ayunpa t 3.200 TMN ln 6.000 TMN" do Cng ty c

phn Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai lm ch u t l hon ton ph hp vi ch trng v nh

hng pht trin ca ng v Chnh ph nhm gii quyt vic lm, tng thm ngn sch nh nc,

gim tnh trng nhp siu ng t cc quc gia khc; gp phn nng cao thu nhp cho ngi lao

ng, n nh sinh k cho cc h nng dn trng ma, p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t, quc

phng ca t nc cng nh a phng trong thi gian ti.

2. Theo khuyn co ca B NN&PTNT v Hip hi ma ng Vit Nam: m bo tnh hiu

qu, tnh cnh tranh v hi nhp ca ngnh cng nghip ma ng Vit Nam trong giai on mi,

cc nh my ng cn phi nng cng sut p v ch bin ng.

3. Hin nay vng nguyn liu ma ca Cng ty c phn Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai c hn

7.000 ha vi sn lng ma p khong trn 400.000 tn, theo s liu kho st v thng k th vic

m rng vng nguyn liu ma t 12.500 ha l hon ton kh thi. Kt hp vi chng trnh thm

canh ma cao sn, nim v 2012 -13 s t c sn lng ma ton vng l trn 500.000 tn v

n nin v 2014 2015 s t c sn lng 750.000 850.000 tn.

4. Ni dung chnh ca d n l u t chiu su my mc thit b a dng ha sn phm trn c

s tn dng ti a nng lc my mc, thit b v ton b c s vt cht hin c, iu ny cho php

gim thiu chi ph u t v nng cao tnh kh thi ca d n.

5. Cng ty c phn Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai c mt i ng cn b, cng nhn v h thng

qun l c kinh nghim lu nm trong lnh vc sn xut .kinh doanh ng v nng cng sut

nh my ng .... y cng l nhn t quan trng m bo cho s thnh cng ca d n.

T nhng l do trn, vic "Nng cng sut Nh my ng Ayunpa t 3.200 TMN ln 6.000

TMN" l vic lm cn thit v cp bch. Vic u t ny khng nhng mang li hiu qu kinh t

x hi m cn pht huy c c s ngun lc sn c, m bo nng cao nng lc cnh tranh v

sn xut bn vng.


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CHNG II - GII PHP V K HOCH PHT TRIN

VNG NGUYN LIU P NG D N M RNG CNG

SUT 6.000 TMN

1. Kh nng v iu kin t nhin sn xut nguyn liu ma Gia Lai:

Gia Lai l mt tnh min ni nm pha bc Ty Nguyn, nm trong ta t 1205828 -

1403630 v Bc, 10702723 - 10805440 kinh ng. Pha Bc gip vi tnh Kon Tum, pha Nam

gip vi tnh c Lc, pha Ty gip vi Campuchia, pha Nam gip vi cc tnh Qung Nam, Bnh

nh, Ph Yn. Kh hu nhit i gi ma cao nguyn, mt nm c hai ma. Ma ma chu tc

ng trc tip ca gi Ty Nam (t thng 5 n thng 11) v ma kh chu tc ng ca gi ng

Bc (t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau). Lng ma trung bnh hng nm 2.200 2.500 mm i

vi vng Ty Trng Sn, 1.200 1.750 i vi vng ng Trng Sn. Nhit trung bnh nm l

22 250C, m trung bnh hng nm l 82%.

Th nhng: Gia Lai c din tch t nhin 15.536,9km2, vi 7 nhm t khc nhau, trong

nhm t vng 756.433 ha chim 48,69% tng din tch t nhin. y l nhm t thch hp

cho vic trng cy cng nghip di ngy nh: c ph, cao su, iu, ma.

t s dng cho sn xut nng nghip ca ton tnh Gia Lai chim khong 83,69% din tch

t t nhin, trong khai thc a vo s dng khong 400.000 ha ( chim 32,15%) nn qu

t cn li c kh nng khai hoang a vo s dng rt ln.

Gia Lai c v tr kh thun li v giao thng, vi 3 trc quc l: quc l 14 ni Gia Lai vi cc

tnh Qung Nam, Nng, Ty Nguyn vi Thnh ph H Ch Minh, ng Nam B vng ng

bng sng Cu Long, Quc l 19 ni vi cng Quy Nhn v Campuchia, quc l 25 ni vi tnh Ph

Yn v Duyn Hi Min Trung.

Nh my ma ng - nhit in Gia Lai c t ti th x Ayunpa, tnh Gia Lai, cch Thnh

ph Pleiku khong 90km v hng ng Nam. Pha ng gip vi cc huyn Iapa v Krngpa,

pha ty gip huyn Ph Thin, pha Nam gip huyn Ea Hleo v tnh c Lc, pha bc gip vi

huyn Ph Thin v Iapa. Ton th x c din tch t nhin 28.752ha, t nng nghip 5.945ha (

chim 20,68%).

T nhng c im v thi tit, kh hu, t ai v lao ng cho thy Nh my Ma ng -

Nhit in Gia Lai c t ti v tr ph hp vi vic trng ma. T thc t sn xut cho thy cy

ma em li hiu qu kinh t cao hn so vi cc cy trng khc.

Vic m rng din tch trng ma em li thu nhp n nh, lu di i vi nng dn c ngha v tc

ng tch cc ti an ninh, chnh tr v x hi ca a phng.


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2. Kh nng pht trin trng ma nguyn liu.

2.1. Din tch trng ma:

V ma 2011-2012 nh my c 7.300 ha din tch trng ma nguyn liu, phn b ch yu

cc huyn Ph thin: 3.198 ha, Ia-Pa 2.994 ha, Ayun-Pa 526. Vi tng din tch t trng trt ton

vng l 45.287 ha v diu kin kh hu, th nhng thun li cho vic pht trin ca cy ma.

Trong din tch trng m l 20.000 ha, cho nhp khng n nh, hiu qu kinh t thp, ph

hng t canh tc. t c kh nng chuyn i t cc loi cy trng khng sang trng ma v t

trng cha khai thc c kh nng trng ma khong 12.000 ha. Theo qui hoch vng nguyn liu

ma n nm 2015 cng ty c khong 14.000 ha trng ma.

2.2. Ging ma:

Khu vc trng ma ca nh my din tch ging ma c cn chim t l ln .V vy vic u t,

h tr ngi trng ma chuyn sang cc ging mi ph hp vi iu kin kh hu, th nhng c

nng sut cht lng tt hn l rt cn thit.

Chnh sch h tr s dng cc ging ma mi ny cho cho php Nh my pht trin n nh,

bn vng vng nguyn liu l iu kin ht sc thun li nng cao nng sut v cht lng ma

nguyn liu.

Thc t nng sut ma ca cc ging ma mi c trng ti Gia Lai cho nng sut trung bnh

t khong 60 - 70 tn/ha, v ti Nh my Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai cng c vng t nng

sut bnh qun trn 80 tn/ha.

3. K hoch pht trin nng sut, sn lng ma trn tng a bn ca cc vng ma nguyn liu trong

cc thi k 2012 - 2015 v nh hng ti nm 2020:

Trong my nm trc y do cng sut nh my thp, thi gian v p ko di nn nh hng

ti thi v trng ma v nng sut ma. Ma ging c cn s dng li nhiu, cha thay th bng cc

ging mi. Bn cnh do nh hng ca thi tit kh hn, h thng nc ti khng c, hon

ton ph thuc vo ma nn nng sut ma thp.

t c nng sut ma p ng cho nh my v nng cao hiu qu kinh t cho ngi trng

ma, cng ty c phn Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai cn phi tch cc thay cc ging c bng cc

ging ma mi ph hp, u t h thng nc ti cho ma nh khoan ging nc ti, h thng ti

nc nh git,.. D kin nng sut ma bnh qun nm 2011/2012 t 65 tn/ha, nm 2015 nng

sut ma bnh qun t 67-68 tn/ha v n nm 2020 t trn 70 tn/ha.

Vi mc nng sut nh trn, d kin n nm 2015 sn lng ma trong vng nguyn liu ca

Cng ty t khong 800.000 850.000 tn v n nm 2017 sn lng ma n nh t 850.000

tn, m bo p ng nhu cu sn xut theo mc tiu ra.

K hach m rng din tch trng ma, sn lng ma d kin.


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STT Ch tiu 2012/2013 2013/2014 2014/2015 2015/2016

1 Tng din tch ma (ha) 8.376 9.373 13.930 13.930

2 Nng sut ma/ha 65 65 67 67

3 Tng sn lng ma (tn) 544.000 609.000 933.000 933.000

4 Sn lng nhp nh my (tn) 490.000 541.000 840.000 840.000

5 Din tch trng mi (ha) (*) 2.700 2.573 6.330 2.930

(*)Din tch trng mi bao gm din tch ni rng + din tch ph gc trng mi li.


4. Kh nng p ng ma nguyn liu sau quy hoch.

4.1. V 2012-2013:

- Din tch ma hin c theo TNN: 8.376 ha.

Nng sut bnh qun: 65 tn/ha.

Tng sn lng d kin: 8.376 x 65 544.000 tn.

Trong d kin nh sau:

- Sn lng lm hom ging cho v 2013/2014: 30.000 tn.

- Sn lng ma b tht thot ~ v ma 2011/2012 ( 5% ): 24.000 tn.

- Sn lng ma p: 490.000 tn.

+ p thng 11,12/2012: 148.000 tn.

+ p trong thng 1 n thng 4 nm 2013: 342.000 tn.

4.2. V ma 2013-2014:

Din tch ma v 2012/2013 l: 8.400 ha. Din tch ph gc khng trng li: 1.000 ha; din tch

ma gc cn li: 7.400 ha; k hoch trng mi: 2.573 ha trong : Ni rng: 1.973 ha, trng li 600

ha.

Din tch ma d kin cho v 2013/2014: 9.373 ha 9.400 ha.

Nng sut bnh qun: 65 tn/ha.

Tng sn lng d kin: 9.373 x 65 609.000 tn.

Trong d kin nh sau:

- Sn lng lm hom ging cho v 2014/2015: 40.000 tn.

- Sn lng ma b tht thot ~ v ma 2012/2013 28.000 tn.

- Sn lng cung cp cho Nh my 541.000 tn.

+ p thng 11,12/2013: 148.000 tn.

+ p nm 2014 (t thng 1 n thng 4) 393.000 tn.

Nh vy, k hoch sn lng ma p cho nm 2013 l: 342.000 + 148.000 = 490.000 tn.

4.3. V 2014/2015:


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Sn lng cn p: 6.000 tn/ngy x 140 ngy 840.000 tn

Sn lng lm hom ging & tht thot: 93.000 tn.

Tng sn lng ma cy: 933.000 tn.

Din tch ma ng cn c: 942.000 tn/67 tn/ha = 13.930 ha 14.000 ha.


+ p thng 11,12/2014: 155.000 tn.



Din tch ma v 2013/2014 l: 9.373 ha. D kin din tch v 2013/2014 ph gc khng trng

li l 973 ha. Din tch ma gc cn li: 8.400 ha.

=>K hoch trng mi: 6.330 ha trong ni rng l: 5.530 ha, trng li l 800 ha.

4.4. V 2015/2016:

Sn lng cn p: 6.000 tn/ngy x 140 ngy 840.000 tn

Sn lng lm hom ging & tht thot: 93.000 tn.

Tng sn lng ma cy: 933.000 tn.

Din tch ma ng cn c: 933.000 tn/67 tn/ha = 13.930 ha 14.000 ha


+ p thng 11,12/2014: 270.000 tn.



Din tch ma v 2013/2014 l: 13.930 ha. D kin din tch v 2013/2014 ph gc khng trng

li l 1.200 ha. Din tch ma gc cn li: 12.730 ha.

=>K hoch trng mi: 2.930 ha trong ni rng l: 1.200 ha, trng li l 1.730 ha.

5. Gii php u t v pht trin vng nguyn liu ca Cng ty c phn ma ng - nhit in Gia Lai:

Vi mc tiu nm 2015 - 2017 c 750.000 tn - 850.000 tn ma nguyn liu vi cht lng

cao, Cng ty CP Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai xc nh gii php u t v pht trin vng ma

nguyn liu vi ni dung chnh sau:

5.1. Gii php v ging

- Tip tc u t nhn rng v hon thin cc ging ma c nng sut v cht lng cao trn c s

hp tc vi Trung tm nghin cu pht trin ma ng, cc trung tm ma ging ca cc cng ty

ng trong khu vc v trn phm vi ton quc.

- C cu hp l t l cc nhm ging ma: 25% ging chn sm, 50% ging ma chn trung bnh

v 25% ging ma chn mun m bo lun c ma chn cho sn xut ton v.


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- y mnh u t, h tr vn, cho ngi trng ma mua cc ging ma mi thay th cc

ging ma c i vi din tch ma trong vng hin c v mua ging trng mi i vi din tch ma

m rng.

Bin php thc hin:

- Xy dng tri ging ma: du nhp, tuyn chn, kho nghim cc ging ma mi, tm ra cc

ging ma tt ph hp vi iu kin sinh thi ca vng nguyn liu.

- Hng nm Cng ty cn c k hoch c th a ging ma mi thay th dn ging cc

ging ma c, m bo n nm 2015 c cu gia cc ging chn sm, chn trung bnh v chn

mun l 25% -50% - 25%.

- C chnh sch khuyn khch, h tr cho cc h trng v nhn ma ging.

- Xy dng cnh ng ging chuyn canh, cnh ng trnh din ti nc nh git.

- u t cho trng ma nguyn liu v m rng din tch bng tin mt, phn bn, v ging ma.

Trong nhng nm gn y cng vi vic php trin cc vng nguyn liu ma; nhiu ging ma

c nng sut cao, cht lng tt c a vo sn xut, gp phn ng k trong vic nng cao

nng sut, cht lng ma nguyn liu, em li hiu qu cho ngnh ma ng v tng thu nhp

cho ngi trng ma. Tuy nhin, hin nay vic la chn v s dng cc ging ma c nng sut,

cht lng cao ph hp vi iu kin t ai, kh hu tin hnh cn hn ch, cha p dng ng b

cc bin php k thut canh tc tin b ... nn u th ca ging cha pht huy y .

V vy, tng nng sut, cht lng ma v p ng c nhu cu sn xut ng ca nh

my trong thi gian di cn phi tp trung nghin cu cc ging ma theo tng nhm: chn sm,

chn trung bnh v chn mun.

Du nhp cc ging ma mi c kho nghim cho nng sut cao, cht lng tt, ri v,

chng chu tt iu kin bt li ca mi trng v p ng kp thi nhu cu ca sn xut.

5.2. Gii php v lm t:

Khu chun b t trng ma l khu u tin ht sc quan trng, l yu t tin quyt nh

cho s pht trin ca cy ma sau ny. Ngoi vic gip cho ma mc mm nhanh, t l mc mm

cao, cy ma sinh trng v pht trin t nng sut, cn gip cho cc bc chm sc tip theo

c tin hnh thun li. Cy su t 35 40 cm cm gip cho ma tng tnh chu hn, ko di kh

nng lu gc, nht l nhng vng t cao, g i.

Mc tiu: C gii ha ton b khu lm t, rch hng trng ma bng my ko cng sut ln

v va , theo cy t phi t su t 35 40 cm, cy t nht 2 ln v ba 1 ln. Khu rch

hng trng ma t su rch hng t 25 30 cm; khong cch hng ti thiu t 1,0 1,2 m.

Bin php thc hin:


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+ u t vn cho h trng ma trang b my ko thay th cch lm th cng hin nay, b

sung thm lng my lm t hin c nhm p ng kp thi v canh tc, to s cnh tranh, gim

chi ph cy t cho nng dn.

+ Nghin cu, ci tin v a vo ng dng my cng c ph hp vi c im t ai a

phng lin hp vi my ko c hiu qu nht.

+ y mnh tuyn truyn gip h trng ma hiu c tm quan trng ca khu lm t v

hng dn k thut lm t trng ma theo hng c gii ha.

5.3. Thi v trng:

- Mc ch, ngha: B tr ng thi v trng vi tng ging ma thch hp s gp phn nng

cao nng sut v cht lng ma, ko di thi v ch bin ng, khc phc c nhc im ca

mt s ging.

C s xc nh thi v trng ma l iu kin thi tit, kh hu. B tr thi v trng ma sao

cho:

+ Ma mc mm phi m.

+ Ma vn lng phi c nhit cao, nh sng y , ma nhiu.

+ Ma chn vo cc thng t ma, bin nhit ngy v m cao.

5.4. Chm sc v thu hoch ma

- Mc tiu: a cc bin php canh tc tin tin vo thc tin trng ma ti vng nguyn liu

theo hng c gii ha, hp l ha nhm tng nng sut v cht lng ma, gim chi ph trng ma,

p ng yu cu v thi v gii quyt kh khn v lao ng th cng.

- Bin php thc hin: Nghin cu, kho nghim v a ra quy trnh chm sc ma ph hp

ph bin v vn ng ngi trng ma thc hin. Theo cn lu cc gii php sau:

+ Bn phn: a ra c cu v ch bn phn hp l trong tng cng s dng ngun

phn hu c hin c ti a phng, kt hp phn bn v c v phn hu c vi sinh nhm t kt

qu cao nht vi chi ph thp;

+ Phng v dit tr c di: Kho nghim v a vo s dng cc loi thuc phng tr v dit c

nhm tng hiu qu phng dit c, gim chi ph v gim ph thuc vo nhn cng.

+ Trang b my cng c: Kho nghim, ph bin v u t vn cho h trng ma trang b cc

loi my cng c nh xi xo t, rch hng bn phn,nhm gim nhn cng, tng nng sut

lao ng.

+ Phng tr su bnh: Thng xuyn kim tra rung ma pht hin su bnh hi kp thi v

p dng cc bin php thch hp phng tr. Nghin cu c hiu qu v bn vng, hn ch ti

a cc tc ng xu n mi trng.


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+ Nghin cu cc bin php canh tc khc nh bc l, t l ma sau thu hoch, trng xen canh

cy h u, lun canh ... a vo ng dng nhm tng nng sut v cht lng ma, gim chi

ph.

+ Trang b phng tin, bin php phng chng ha hon chy ma trong thi k gn thu hoch.

+ Gii thiu h tr p dng qui trnh ti nh git cho cc h trng ma.

5.5. Gii php v thu mua ma nguyn liu

c th php trin vng nguyn liu ma t din tch nh mc tiu ra (trn 12.500 ha) th

nht thit phi c chnh sch thu mua ma nguyn liu hp l khuyn khch ngi dn tham gia

trng ma.

Hin nay, Cng ty c phn ma ng - nhit in Gia Lai ban hnh chnh sch thu mua v

u t cho vng nguyn liu. Tuy nhin, vng nguyn liu pht trin n nh cn tng din tch

ma c k hp ng thu mua v hon thin li chnh sch thu mua nguyn liu, c th nh sau:

- K hp ng thu mua ma: Thc hin k hp ng thu mua sn phm theo Quyt nh

80/2002/Q-TTg ngy 24/6/2002 ca Th tng Chnh ph.

Trc khi trng ma ngi dn phi bit chc mt iu l sn phm sau thu hoch ca h s

c thu mua. Vic c thc hin bng vic k hp ng thu mua ma gia nh my ng v

h nng dn trng ma.

- Thu mua theo th t u tin: Thu mua ma nn cn c vo thi im trng ma. Theo u

tin thu mua ma gc 3 trc, n gc 2 v cui cng l ma t.

- Cng tc cn o, kim tra ch ng: Trnh nhng trng hp ma a v cng nh my

nhiu ngy m vn cha cn v kim tra ch ng c, lm nh hng n cht lng ma ...

Nh my cn quan tm hn na trong cng vic ny. l, ma n u phi c kim tra ch

ng v cn n , c nh th ngi trng ma mi gn b lu di vi ngh trng ma, iu cng

ng ngha vi vic nh my n nh c ngun nguyn liu .

- Gi thu mua ma: V chnh sch bo him gi ti thiu, bo him thu nhp cng nh cch tnh

gi ma nh hin nay l ph hp. Trong qu trnh thu mua, cn c s iu chnh gi ma cho ph

hp vi din bin th trng.

5.6. Gii php v u t h thng c s h tng k thut.

u t xy dng cc cng trnh thy li: Xy dng cc cng trnh thy li l nhu cu ti cn thit

hin nay ca vng nguyn liu. Tuy nhin, vic u t cc cng trnh thy li cho vng nguyn liu

s dn n nguy c ngi dn chuyn t trng ma sang cy trng khc do ch ng nc ti. V

vy, u t cc cng trnh ti mang tnh thi v l c hiu qu nht, v d: o ao cha nc, xy

dng trm bm, khoan ging ... ti b sung cho ma trong thi k vn lng v chun b chn.

u t xy dng h thng giao thng, bn bi: H thng giao thng trong vng ma hin c

tng i hon thin.


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D kin trong giai on ti, cn u t nng cp v xy dng mi cc trc ng sn xut,

thun tin cho vn chuyn ma v c gii ha trong sn xut. i vi cc vng ma c quy m tp

trung ln cn b tr 01 bi tp kt nguyn liu. Din tch ma trng mi cng phi xy dng cu

cng, lm ng c gii.

u t xy dng trm ging nguyn liu: Hin nay Cng ty cha c trm nghin cu ging ma

nguyn liu. Trong giai on ti, p ng c mc tiu sn xut ra, Cng ty cn xy dng

mi 1 trm nghin cu chuyn giao ging ma ti Ayunpa cho ph hp cho vic xy dng v pht

trin vng nguyn liu bn vng.

Vic xy dng trm ging ma trn c s ph hp vi Quyt nh 17/2007/Q-TTg ca Th

tng Chnh ph v chng trnh ging cy trng, ging vt nui v ging cy lm nghip .

5.7. Hon thin cc c ch chnh sch c lin quan ti vng nguyn liu

- Quyt nh 80/2002/Q-TTg ngy 24/6/2002 v vic tiu th nng sn thng qua hp ng.

Thi gian qua, quyt nh ny pht huy tc dng tch cc gn kt cc nh my ng vi nng

dn trng ma, gp phn n nh v pht trin vng nguyn liu ma phc v cc nh my ng.

Tuy nhin, chnh ph cn nghin cu kinh nghim ca cc nc c b sung, tng cng tnh

php l v to nn s gn b hn na gia nh my ng v nng dn nh: Quy hoch vng

trng ma, khng cc cy khc pht trin t pht cnh tranh, c qu phng chng ri ro thin tai

...

- ngh B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn tnh Gia Lai c chnh sch h tr, u t xy

dng Trung tm ging ma v nghin cu khoa hc v nng nghip ma ng cho cng ty, c

chnh sch gip nng dn dn in i tha, quy hoch xy dng v hnh thnh cc vng ma tp

trung, chuyn canh, sn xut hng ha ln v c chnh sch khuyn nng h tr nng dn c gii

ha khu canh tc v thu hoch ma. ng thi, h tr khuyn khch cho vic tp hun, nng cao

trnh v tay ngh k thut thm canh ma, to iu kin cho nng dn nng cao nng sut v

cht lng ma t 70- 80tn/ha, tr ng 10 15 CCS.

6. Khi ton vn u t pht trin vng nguyn liu

- i vi vn u t trc tip sn xut: mua phn bn, mua my nng c, mua thuc bo v

thc vt, lm t, mua ging ... Ngun vn s do Cng ty t huy ng u t v s c thu hi li

thng qua hp ng u t v hp ng thu mua ma vi h trng ma.

- i vi vn u t c s h tng ti vng nguyn liu: ng giao thng, cng trnh thy li,

cng trnh in... ngun vn s thc hin theo Thng t s 95/2004/TT-BTC, ngy 11/10/2004 ca

B Ti Chnh, v hng dn mt s chnh sch h tr ti chnh v u i v thu pht trin vng

nguyn liu v cng nghip ch bin nng, lm, thy sn, mui. Theo Ngn sch a phng s

h tr ti a 60% vn u t ca d n, Cng ty u t ti thiu 40% vn u t ca d n.


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- Huy ng vn t h dn trng ma: Cng ty c chnh sch khuyn khch cc h trng ma t

b vn u t sn xut nh: mua phn bn, mua my nng c, mua thuc bo v thc vt, lm t,

mua ging, o h cha nc ... gim vn u t t Cng ty. Cc chnh sch xem xt p dng

nh: Khen thng, k hp ng thu mua di hn, h tr k thut, bo him gi ma hp l, khuyn

khch cc h trng ma cng tham gia xy dng ng giao thng, cng trnh thy li (bng vic

gp cng lao ng) ...

K hoch u t pht trin vng nguyn liu v 2012-2013:

STT Hng mc u t VT

Khi

lng

T l u

t ( % )

nh mc

u t ( ng.)

Thnh

tin (ng.)

1 u t trng mi ha 2.700 85 25.000 57.375.000

2 u t chm sc ha 5.700 85 15.000 72.675.000

3 u t c gii ha B 5.000.000

4 u t xe vn chuyn Xe 10 100 500.000 5.000.000

5 u t phn vi sinh ha 2.000 1.200 2.400.000

6 u t ti nh git Ha 20 50.000 1.000.000

7 Chi ph u t khng hon li

7,1 Chuyn i ging ma mi Ha 78 3.100 241.800

7,2 Ti nc trng mi Ha 200 1.000 200.000

7,3 Li sut u t cho DT ging mi Ha 78 6.372 497.016

7,4 Thc hin phng chng chy ma Ha 2.000 100 200.000

7,5 Thc hin c gii ha Ha 300 5.000 1.500.000

Tng cng 8.400 146.088.816

(Ngun: Phng PT-NL - Cng ty CP Ma ng -Nhit in Gia Lai)

K hoch u t pht trin vng nguyn liu v 2013/2014:

Chnh sch u t cho nguyn liu cho v ma 2013/2014:

Ch trng chnh sch u t thu mua ca cng ty cho vng nguyn liu v ma 2013/2014 v

nhng nm tip theo:

- u t, thu mua trc tip cho ngi trng ma thng qua hp ng u t, thu mua cho c chu

k cy ma. Cng ty u t bng ging ma, phn bn, tin mt, my ko, thit b c gii, xe vn

chuyn, . . .

- Vic thc hin mua ma theo ch ng v ma 2011/2012 khng nh y l phng

php khoa hc, gip tng cht lng ma, tng thu nhp cho ngi trng ma. Do , v ma

2013/2014, cng ty s tip tc thc hin theo quy nh ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn

mua ma theo ch ng.


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- nh mc u t:

+ Tng nh mc u t chm sc t 15 triu ln 18 triu/ha (ch ma c th nhn ht s

tin u t bng phn chuyn dng ).

+ Tng nh mc u t trng mi t 25 triu ln 28 triu/ha ( trong ln 1 tr 14 triu, ln

2 l 14 triu c phn chuyn dng).

- u t phn vi sinh, vi, b bn ( ngai nh mc v khng tnh li).

- to iu kin cho ch ma mua sm phng tin, ch ng vn chuyn ma v nh my,

Cng ty cho ch ma ln c din tch t 5 ha tr ln c vay vn trung hn mua xe vn ti loi ln

vi nh mc u t: 70% gi tr ca phng tin, khng vt qu 500.000.000 .

- Cung cp ngun vn vay di hn v khuyn khch li sut u t ng thi h tr k thut

ngi trng ma trang b cc thit b c gii trong khu lm t, trng ma v chm sc ma nhm

gim chi ph v tng hiu qu i vi cc cng on canh tc ma c c gii ha, gim l thuc

vo ngun lao ng th cng. Vi nh mc u t 70% gi tr my ko ln v thit b, khng qu

700.000.000 ; T 70% n 100% gi tr my ko nh v thit b, khng qu 400.000.000 .

- Cc chnh sch khuyn khch pht trin nguyn liu:

+ Khuyn khch i vi nhng h nhn u t trng mi

+ Khuyn khch trng ging chn sm p ng yu cu ri v, nhn ging mi cho cc h c

kinh nghim sn xut nhn nhanh cc ging ma qua kho nghim c bn

+ Khuyn khch chuyn i t cy trng khc sang trng ma

- cc h trng ma ch trng u t chm sc ma c nng sut cao, cht lng tt, sau khi

kt thc v p Cng ty s khuyn khch thng cho nhng h trng ma gii v hon thnh hp

ng vi cng ty. Tng kinh ph thc hin d kin: 1.000.000.000 ng.

- Thc hin k hoch m rng v pht trin vng nguyn liu p ng cng sut ca nh my,

hng nm Cng ty tin hnh kho st thc trng ng vn chuyn trn vng nguyn liu lp k

hoch xy dng cc cu, ngm v ng vo vng nguyn liu mi m. Sa cha ng vn

chuyn ni ng phc v cho vn chuyn ma v nh my.

- Ty theo iu kin c th, Cng ty s c chnh sch gi mua ma ph hp ngi bn ma

u v v cui v khng b nh hng thu nhp so vi ngi bn ma chnh v. Cng ty cam kt

ma thu hoch cui v s tng thm t nht 100.000 /tn.

- Gi mua ma c xc nh trn c s tham kho gi khuyn co ca Hip hi ma ng Vit

Nam v cc nh my ng ln cn, s c cng ty cng b tng thi im: Ty theo gi ng

trn th trng, gi mua ma c th c cng ty iu chnh nhng khng thp hn mc gi bo

him v bo m tnh cnh tranh so vi cc nh my ng trong khu vc. Gi mua ma c p

dng chung cho tt c cc h k hp ng bn ma cho cng ty ng thi hn, khng phn bit c

nhn u t hay khng nhn u t ca cng ty.


10.10.2012

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Nhu cu vn u t cho nguyn liu cho v ma 2013/2014:

STT Hng mc u t VT

Khi

lng

T l u

t ( % )

nh mc

u t ( ng.)

Thnh

tin (ng.)

1 u t trng mi ha 2.573 85 28.000 61.237.400

2 u t chm sc ha 6.800 85 18.000 104.040.000

3 u t c gii ha Vn 20.000.000

4 u t xe vn chuyn Xe 20 100 500.000 10.000.000

5 u t phn vi sinh ha 3.000 1.200 3.600.000

6 u t ti nh git Ha 100 60.000 6.000.000

7 Cnh ng ma mu ( thy li ) Vn 10.000.000


8,1 Chuyn i ging ma mi Ha 1.000 2.000 2.000.000

8,2 Ti nc trng mi Ha 500 2.000 1.000.000

8,3 Li sut u t cho c gii ha Ha 3.000.000


8,5 Thc hin c gii ha Ha 1.000 2.000 2.000.000

Tng cng 9.373 223.277.400



STT Hng mc u t VT

Khi

lng

nh mc

u t ( ng.)

Thnh

tin (ng.)

1 u t trng mi ha 6.330 28.000 150.654.000

2 u t chm sc ha 7.600 18.000 116.280.000

3 u t c gii ha Vn 30.000.000

4 u t xe vn chuyn Xe 30 500.000 15.000.000

5 u t phn vi sinh ha 4.000 1.200 4.800.000

6 u t ti nh git Ha 200 60.000 12.000.000



8,1 Chuyn i cy trng, ging ma mi Ha 5.710 2.000 11.420.000

8,2 Ti nc trng mi Ha 1.000 1.000 1.000.000



8,5 Thc hin c gii ha Ha 2.000 1.000 2.000.000


10.10.2012

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Tng cng 13.930 356.554.000



STT Hng mc u t VT

Khi

lng

nh mc

u t ( ng.)

Thnh

tin (ng.)

1 u t trng mi ha 2.930 28.000 69.734.000

2 u t chm sc ha 11.000 18.000 168.300.000

3 u t c gii ha Vn 30.000.000

4 u t xe vn chuyn Xe 30 500.000 15.000.000

5 u t phn vi sinh ha 6.000 1.200 7.200.000

6 u t ti nh git Ha 300 60.000 18.000.000



8,1 Chuyn i ging ma mi Ha 2.000 2.000 4.000.000

8,2 Ti nc trng mi Ha 1.000 1.000 1.000.000



8,5 Thc hin c gii ha Ha 2.000 1.000 2.000.000

Tng cng 13.930 328.734.000



10.10.2012

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CHNG III: GII PHP NNG CP THIT B - MY MC

- CNG NGH LN MC CNG SUT 6.000 TMN

I. Gii thiu:

Cng ty c phn Ma ng - Nhit in Gia Lai tin thn l Cng ty ma ng Gia Lai thnh

lp nm 1995 ti Ayunpa vi cng sut 1000 TMN. n nm 1997, Cng ty ma ng Gia Lai lin

doanh vi Tp on BourBon thnh lp Cng ty trch nhim hu hn ma ng BournBon Gia Lai.

Hin ti nng lc ch bin hin ti ca nh my l 3.000 - 3.200TMN, cng sut pht in

thng mi 5MWh. Hin nay, nhng yu cu ngy cng cao ca th trng cng nh nhng c hi

trong pht trin vng nguyn liu ma th vic m rng nng sut v nng cp cht lng ng

thc s l mt yu cu cp thit cho s pht trin ca Cng ty c phn ma ng - nhit in Gia

Lai.

II. nh gi trang thit b, cng ngh ca dy chuyn sn xut hin c:

1. Phng php cng ngh:

Phng php cng ngh m Nh my ma ng - nhit in Gia Lai ang p dng hin nay l

phng php sulfite ha axit tnh, l phng php sn sut ng trng c nhiu nh my

ng trn th gii v Vit Nam ang p dng. y cng l phng php sn xut ng trng ph

bin hin nay ti Vit Nam. Nhng nt chnh ca cng ngh sn xut c m t nh sau:

- Trch nc ma bng my p trc, thm thu kp.

- Xng SO2 cho nc ma (01 ln) v cho mt ch (01 ln) bng tuy e nhiu vi phun.

- S dng my lc chn khng thng lc nc bn lng.

- Gia nhit nc ma c thc hin ti 02 ln mi ln 2 cp.

H thng bc hi loi ng chm ( Robert) chy theo phng n bc hi 4 hiu v trch hi th

cp cho gia nhit, nu ng.

- Nu ng ly tm theo ch 3 h A, B, C. ng ct C c hi dung sau trn vi mt

ch bc hi i xng SO2. ng ct B dng lm ging nu ng A.

- H thng sy ng s dng my sy tng si thn tnh c h thng lm ngui ng trc

khi ng bao.

- H thng l hi, turbine pht in: S dng l hi trung p 75 tn/h, P = 3,82 MPa v turbine

- my pht in 12MW in p ra 6,3 KV c sut tiu hao hi 6,4kg hi/Kwh.


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2. iu kin trang thit b:

Hin ti, nng sut p v ch luyn bnh qun ca nh my t mc 3.000-3200 TMN. Mt s

thit b c th p ng c nng sut 6.000 TMN nh H thng thit b pht in.

H thng cc thit b khc trong dy chuyn ch p ng c nng sut t 3.000 TMN n

4.000 TMN ty cng on.

Cng nh phn ln cc nh my khc, thit b ca Nh my ma ng - nhit in Gia Lai

ang s dng hu ht c ch to ti Trung Quc.

Cc thit b hin c c b sung trn c s dy chuyn thit b c ca nh my 1.000

TMN sn xut t 1995 nng cng sut nhiu ln ln 3.200TMN.

III. La chn nng sut v loi hnh sn phm:

Vic la chn nng sut v loi hnh sn phm c da trn c s:

Cn c vo nhu cu s dng ng Sucrose ngy cng gia tng Vit Nam v trn Th

gii.

Cn c vo quy hoch pht trin vng nguyn liu ma ca Cng ty c phn ma ng -

nhit in Gia Lai.

Cn c vo iu kin c s h tng v trnh qun l ca Cng ty c phn ma ng -

nhit in Gia Lai.

D n Nng cng sut Nh my ng Ayunpa t 3.200 TMN ln 6.000 TMN do Cng ty c

phn ma ng - nhit in Gia Lai lm ch u t c thc hin qua cc giai on:

- Giai on 1: Nng cng sut nh my t 3.200 ln 3.500 TMN( nm 2012).

- Giai on 2: Nng cng sut nh my t 3.500 ln 6.000 TMN (nm 2013, 2014)

Cht lng sn phm:

Sau khi thc hin nng cng sut nh my c 01 loi sn phm chnh:

- ng trng: vi cc ch tiu cht lng nh trong bng 10.

Bng 10: Ch tiu cht lng ng trng.

TT Ch tiu VT ng trng

1 Hm lng Sacarose (Z) 99,7

2 Hm lng ng kh % 0,05

3 Tro dn in % 0,04

4 m % 0,05


10.10.2012

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5 mu IU 100

6 D lng SO2 mg/kg 15

Vi nng sut c la chn nh trn, cho php thc hin thi gian v p ca Cng ty c phn

ma ng - nhit in Gia Lai 140 - 150 ngy. y l khong thi gian hot ng em li hiu qu

kinh t cao nht khng ch cho sn xut trong nh my ng m cn cho sn xut ma ngoi ng

rung.

Ch tiu cht lng ng c xut trong d n chc chn s p ng c yu cu pht

trin ca th trng v nhu cu ngycng cao ca ngi tiu dng trong hin ti cng nh tng lai.

IV. a im xy dng.

D n Nng cng sut Nh my ng Ayunpa t 3.200 TMN ln 6.000 TMN c xy dng

ngay ti nh my ng hin c. Vi vic la chn a im nh vy, d n em li nhiu u im

ni bt so vi vic xy dng ti v tr khc nh:

S dng c cc c s h tng ca nh my ng hin c m khng cn phi u t

mi.

Bn thn v tr Cng ty c phn ma ng - nhit in Gia Lai l trung tm ca vng

nguyn liu ma vi c ly vn chuyn ngn nht.

Rt ngn c thi gian sn xut v linh hot hn trong vic la chn loi hnh sn phm

c cung cp ra ngoi th trng.

S dng c b my qun l v cng nhn hin c.

Tn dng c khng gian kin trc v nh xng, ch cn b sung mt s hng mc xy

dng mi theo yu cu thit k m rng.

Ngi trng ma trong vng nguyn liu c kinh nghim v k thut canh tc.

Vng nguyn liu c u t v qui hoch.

V. Cng ngh v k thut.

1. C s ca qu trnh thit k:

Qu trnh thit k cng ngh v tnh ton thit b c xy dng trn c s:

- Cht lng nguyn vt liu u vo.

- Cht lng sn phm u ra.

- Hiu qu sn xut.

- Cc iu kin h tng.

- nh hng sn xut ng luyn trong tng lai gn.


10.10.2012

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Cc iu kin c s c tng kt nh sau:

1.1. Nguyn liu ma cy:

a. Cht lng:

Bng 11: Cht lng nguyn liu ma.

TT Ch tiu VT Ma cy

1 Pol % 11 14

2 X ma % 13 16

3 ng kh % 0.8 1.7

4 P2O5 mg/l 160 280

(Ngun: Cng ty c phn ma ng - nhit in Gia Lai)

b. Sn lng: 850.000 tn ma cy / v sn xut.

1.2. Cht lng ng thnh phm: c cp trong bng 10.

1.3. Hiu qu sn xut:

Hiu sut p : HE 95,0%.

Hiu sut ch luyn : HCL 87,0%.

T l Ma / ng: M/ 10.

1.4. Thi gian vn hnh:

m bo tng thi gian cho 1 v sn xut t: 140 - 150 ngy.

1.5. Cc iu kin h tng:

1.5.1. H thng phn phi in:

- Khi ng t cc thit b hin ti.

. AC 380 V x 3 Pha x 50 Hz.

- Tua bin my pht:

. AC 6,3KV x 3 Pha x 50 Hz.

- ng dy phn phi h p:

. AC 380V x 3 Pha x 50 Hz.

. AC 220V x 1 Pha x 50 Hz.

- u ra ca my pht in chnh c t iu khin v t ho ng b, bin th h p. Ti mi

cng on sn xut trang b t kim sot ng c c thit b ng, ngt, thit b ch th v bo v.

- H thng lin ng c trang b cho mt s cm thit b c yu cu lm vic lin ng nh:

h thng bng ti ma, thit b dao cht v x ti ...

- H thng chiu sng s c v cc thit b ng ngt t ng.

- H thng chng st tip a cho cc cng trnh c thit k theo quy phm.

1.5.2. Hi nc:

Ngun hi chnh t l hi c s dng v phn b nh sau:


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- Cp 1: L cp s dng hi trung p trc tip t l hi vi p sut P = 3,82 MPa, l hi qu

nhit. Cc l s dng ngun hi ny bao gm:

. Turbine my pht in.

. H thng gim p.

- Cp 2: L cp s dng hi thi t cc l s dng hi cp 1 vi p sut P = 0,2 MPa . Cc l

s dng ngun hi ny bao gm:

. H thng gim n.

. Thit b bc hi.

. Thit b gia nhit.

. Thit b nu ng ( nu cn).

. Thit b ly tm.

. My sy ng.

- Cp 3: L cp s dng hi th t cc hiu bc hi. Cc l s dng ngun hi ny bao gm:

. Thit b bc hi.

. Thit b gia nhit.

. Thit b nu ng.

1.5.3. Kh nn:

- Kh nn cho cc thit b nghi kh (Instrument), xi lanh kh (Air cyclinder): 0,7 MPa, khng kh

tch m.

- Kh nn cho cc c cu chp hnh: 0,7 MPa, khng kh cha tch m.

1.5.4. Nc:

- Ngun nc: nc sng c x l vi cc yu cu k thut nh sau.

. Tng cht rn ho tan: nh hn 110 mg/l.

. Tng cng: nh hn 3 ( c).

. c: 65 .

- Ngun cung cp nc c chia thnh:

. Nc lm mt bc my p, tua bin pht in ...

. Nc thm thu, ho vi, pha ho cht, nc cp cho h thng tuye to chn khng ...

. Nc cp cho h thng x l lm mm nc (cp cho l hi v nc ung sinh hot).

. Nc cp cho phng ho nghim v v sinh cng nghip ...

. Nc cp d phng cho h thng cu ho.

1.5.5. Nhin liu l hi:

- B ma: vi yu cu k thut sau.

. m: 48 51%.

. Nhit tr: 2,130 kcal/kg.


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1.5.6. Ho cht khc:

- Vi: CaO 78%.

- Xt: NaOH 98%.

- Mui: NaCl 98%.

- Lu hunh: S 99%.

- Axit photphoric H3PO4 85%.

- Natri cacbonat Na2CO3 96%.

2. La chn cng ngh v thit b:

2.1. Tng quan:

Sn phm ng cng nghip tiu th trn th gii hin nay phn ln c sn xut t cy ma.

Tu thuc vo cng ngh sn xut v cht lng sn phm t c, ngi ta chia lm 3 loi sn

phm chnh nh sau:

ng th (raw sugar).

ng tinh luyn (refined sugar).

ng trng n in (plantation white sugar).

ng trng VLC (Very Low Color), ULC (Untra Low Color).

sn xut ra sn phm ng trc tip t nguyn liu ma c mu nh hn 200 ICU, c t

nht 6 m hnh cng ngh c p dng trn th gii hin nay, l:

a. Cng ngh cacbonat ho.

b. Cng ngh Sulphit ha.

c. Kt hp ca a) v b).

d. Cng ngh Blanco Directo.

e. Cng ngh SAT.

Ti Vit Nam v phn ln cc nc sn xut ng trn th gii, th ng trng trc tip t

nguyn liu ma c sn xut theo cc phng php a, b v d.

i vi sn xut ng tinh luyn c nhiu phng php khc nhau xut pht t

2.1.1. Cng ngh cacbonat ha:

L phng php hin i dng sn xut ng trng cao cp. Ni dung ca phng php

ny l dng kh CO2 xng vo nc ma gia vi to ra kt ta CaCO3 c tc dng hp ph cht

keo, cht mu lm sch nc ma. Nhc im ca phng php ny l lu trnh cng ngh phc

tp, chi ph u t cao, vn hnh kh khn, i hi c trnh k thut cao.

2.1.2. Cng ngh sulpht ha:


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y l phng php c dng ph bin cc nc nh: n , Trung Quc, Indonexia ... Ni

dung ca phng php ny l dng kh SO2 sng vo nc ma tc dng vi sa vi to nn

kt ta CaSO3 c tc dng hp ph cht keo, cht mu, lm sch nc ma.

u im ca phng php ny l:

- Lu trnh cng ngh n gin, vn hnh thao tc.

- Chi ph u t thit b v ha cht thp, sn phm l ng trng.

- Chi ph vn hnh, bo dng t tn km.

- Khng i hi cng nhn vn hnh nhiu k nng cao.

Nhc im ln nht ca phng php ny l cht lng ng khng n nh v ng b li

mu khi bo qun trn 6 thng.

hn ch cc khuyt im trn. Hin nay thng s dng cng ngh sulphite ha mt ln kt

hp lng ni mt ch s to ra cht lng ng tt v n nh hn.

2.1.3. Cng ngh Blanco Directo:

Khi ng dng cng ngh Blanco Directo s cho ra mt loi ng trng c cht lng kh tt.

Tuy nhin, cn i hi t ng ha cao cng ngh lng ni mt ch, dch bn lc. Vn hnh vi

cc thng s tht n nh. Cng ngh Blanco Directo l loi hnh cng ngh kt hp gia:

- S dng Sulphit ha 1 ln cho nc ma hn hp.

- S dng cng ngh lng ni mt ch v lng n i ch lc bn.

Ngoi nhng u im v cht lng sn phm v tim nng th trng th khi u t cng ngh

Blanco Direco s c nhng li im so vi cc gii php khc cho cng mt cht lng sn phm.

- Chi ph u t tng i thp thp.

- Tiu hao in - Hi - Nc thp.

Tuy nhin cng ngh ny c mt s nhc im sau:

- Chi ph ha cht v vn hnh cao.

- Qui trnh vn hnh v cc ch tiu k thut phi tun th nghim ngt, i hi cng nhn vn

hnh phi c kin thc v k nng tt.

2.1.4. Cng ngh SAT:

y l cng ngh mi c nghin cu v pht trin ti M v c xem l cng ngh sn

xut ng trng ca th k 21. N cho php sn xut ra ng trng c mu 80 - 200 IU

(ULC). Cht lng sn phm gn st vi ng tinh luyn. Phng php ny khng s dng cc

ha cht ty mu nc ma hn hp trc khi lng m s dng h thng SAT dng ty mu v

lm sch nc ma sau khi lng.

Bn cnh cht lng ng, cng ngh SAT cn gim thiu tc ng n mi trng, tit

kim nng lng, gim 75% bm cn cho h thng bc hi, gim 30% th tich ni nu ng.

Tuy nhin chi ph u t v vn hnh cho SAT hin nay kh ln.


10.10.2012

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Sn xut ng tinh luyn kt hp ngay trong nh my ng p ma l phng php sn

xut ng luyn hiu qu nht hin nay:

Chi ph u t sn xut ng luyn thp.

Tit kim nng lng.

Gim chi ph vn chuyn.

Gim chi ph qun l, nhn cng.

Trong nhng nm gn y xu hng kt hp ny ang c ph bin rng ri trn th gii.

Ti Vit Nam cc nh my c cng sut ln cng ang s dng phng php ny: Cng ty TNHH

ma ng Vit Nam - i Loan, Cng ty TNHH ma ng Ngh An - Tates&Lyle, Cng ty C.P

Bourbon Ty Ninh.

Cng ngh s dng trong sn xut ng trng kt hp tinh luyn ch yu gm

Cng ngh phosphat ha.

Cng ngh carbonate ha

C 3 cng ngh trn kt hp vi nha trao i ion ty mu dung dch ng s cho

sn phm ng trng cao cp ( ng RE).

Cng ngh Cti.

2.1.5. Cng ngh carbonat ha:

L phng php dng kh CO2 kt hp vi sa vi lm sch nc ma, dung dch ng. Cng

ngh ny cho cht lng ng tt nhng chi ph u t, bo tr cao, vn hnh nghim ngt.

2.1.6. Cng ngh phospht ha:

L cng ngh s dng a xt H3PO4 kt hp vi saccarat canxi trong dch ng to ra kt ta

Ca3(PO4)2 hp ph, ko theo cc tp cht, cht mu v loi ra bng lng ni.

Phng php ny c u im l chi ph u t khng cao, vn hnh n nh. Cht lng sn

phm tt v n nh. mu 10 - 40IU.

Nhc im: i hi cng nhn vn hnh phi c kin thc, tay ngh tt. Chi ph bo dng

vn hnh mc trung bnh.

2.1.7. Cng ngh Cti:

Cng ngh ny s dng thit b Cti tch cc tp cht v c, hu c( bao gm c mu) khi

ng sn xut theo phng php SAT.

u im: Cht lng sn phm n nh. Tit kim nng lng, gim thiu cht thi, nc s

dng.

Nhc im: Chi ph u t rt ln. Phi kt hp vi sn xut ng trng theo cng ngh

SAT.

2.2. Nhng yu cu trong la chn cng ngh v thit b.

Mc tiu chnh ca d n l:


10.10.2012

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Tn dng ti a cc iu kin trang thit b v c s h tng hin c, hn ch thp nht vic

thay th my mc, thit b ang s dng.

Rt ngn thi gian sn xut, nng cao hiu qu sn xut

Sn xut ng c cht lng cao, n nh v p ng c nhu cu th trng.

Tit kim nng lng v m bo cc yu cu v mi trng.

Ph hp vi trnh vn hnh v trang thit b hin c.

Kt hp sn xut ng v sn xut in.

Xut pht t mc tiu ca d n v cc yu cu v cht lng ng thnh phm c nu

bng 10a, phng php cng ngh c la chn cho dy chuyn sn xut ng ca d n l:

Phng php sn xut ng trng theo cng ngh sulphite ha mt ln - lng ni mt ch, ng

pht in.

Phng php cng ngh ny m bo pht huy nhng li th v iu kin my mc thit b v

cng ngh hin c, ng thi ph hp vi nng lc v kinh nghim vn hnh qun l ca Nh my

ma ng - nhit in Gia Lai.

2.3. M t quy trnh cng ngh la chn:

Ngoi nhng yu cu cn thit cho mt s ngnh cng nghip nh: sn xut ung cao cp,

dc phm th cht lng ng trng sn xut theo cng ngh Blanco directo thng cao hn

nhiu so vi yu cu ca th trng tiu dng.

Khi ng dng cng ngh sulphit ha axit tnh s cho ra mt loi ng trng c cht lng

tng i tt, n p ng c phn ln cc yu cu v cht lng ca cc ngnh cng nghip ch

bin.

Quy trnh cng ngh bao gm cc cng on sau:

- Cng on x l ma v p ma.

- Cng on lm sch nc ma.

- Cng on bc hi v lng ni mt ch.

- Cng on nu ng.

- Cng on tr tinh, phn mt.

- Cng on ng bao, bo qun thnh phm.

2.3.1. Cng on x l ma v p ma.

Ma c vn chuyn trn cc xe ti vi ti trng ma t 15 - 30 tn / xe. Ma sau khi cn c

ly mu phn tch ch ng v tp cht (trng hp mua x th khng cn ly mu phn

tch ch ng). Sau ma c cu xung sn cha ma hoc a trc tip n bn cp ma.

Ma t bc cha, bn cp, bn lt c a xung bng ti cp vo h thng x l ma. H

thng x l ma gm t hp cc thit b dao x ma, c nhim v ph v t bo cy ma nhm

chun b iu kin tt nht cho cng on trch ly nc ma pha sau.


10.10.2012

Trang 47

H thng my p gm cc my p loi 4 trc p. Nc ma hn hp c thu t my p s 1, 2

sau khi c lc loi b phn cm ma (bng thit b lc thng quay v lc sng cong) s c

b xung P2O5 t 300 - 350 ppm v sa vi iu chnh pH = 6,2 - 6,6 ri bm ti cng on lm

sch.

B ma t my p cui cng c m W = 48 - 51% c vn chuyn n h thng l hi s

dng lm nhin liu t.

Nc nng thm thu c nhit T = 60 - 700C c b sung vo ming ra ca my p trc

my p cui. Nc ma thm thu gia cc my c thc hin theo phng php thm thu kp.

2.3.2. Cng on lm sch.

Nc ma hn hp s c gia nhit ti nht T = 60 - 650C. Mc ch ca gia nhit ln 1 l

loi tr bt kh trong nc ma, kim ch v ngn nga s pht trin ca VSV, lm mt nc

mt s lai keo a nc, lm ng t cht keo, to iu kin cho phn ng kt ta c xy ra

nhanh chng v hon ton.

Nc ma sau khi ra khi thit b gia nhit 1 c a i xng SO2 t cng xng t 14 -

18 mg/l ( pH = 3,6 - 3,8), sau c trung ha bng sa vi ti pH = 7,2 - 7,4. Cc kt ta

Ca3(PO4)2 v CaSO3 hnh thnh trong qu trnh lm sch c tc dng hp ph cc cht mu, cht

keo, cc cht khng ng cng cc tp cht l lng khc.

Nc ma sau khi trung ha c bm i gia nhit 2 ti nhit 102 - 1050C. Mc ch ca gia

nhit 2 l lm gim nht ca dung dch nc ma, tng nhanh tc lng.

Sau qu trnh lng, s thu c: nc ma trong v nc bn. Nc ma trong c a ti h

thng bc hi nhiu hiu c c ti nng 55 60 Bx. Nhit ca nc ma trong ra khi b

lng yu cu t 96oC 98oC.

N

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