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Baltimore, Maryland
Home of The Johns Hopkins Hospital, and The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founding institutions of modern American medicine
Home of The Inner Harbor - historic seaport, tourist attraction and iconic landmark
Home of The Baltimore Ravens with 7 playoff appearances since 2000
Baltimore, Maryland
Where the leading cause of death among Baltimore City residents aged 15-24 years is homicide
Where 30% of children grow up in poverty Where many youth don’t believe they’ll live to be 25, and if they
do for some it will be behind bars Where the juvenile homicide rate is 8.4 times higher than the
national rate
86
118108
121 135118
98
276 269 276282
234240 223
42.8% 40.1%43.8%
47.9% 50.4%
40.8%38.6%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Ages 14-25 Homicides Total Homicides % that are Target Group
Baltimore City Homicides
61.3%
56.0%
51.8%
54.1%
60.0%
54.0%
52.0% 51.7%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
46.0%
48.0%
50.0%
52.0%
54.0%
56.0%
58.0%
60.0%
62.0%
64.0%
Ages 14-25 Shootings Total Shootings % that are Target Group
Baltimore City Non-Fatal Shootings
Violence as a Public Health Issue
• Health problem (disease)
• Epidemic
• Infectious
• Based in behavior (learned/social norm)
• Behavioral interventions can interrupt transmission by changing norms
Core Components
• Community Mobilization
• Outreach
• Public Education
• Faith-based Leader Involvement
• Criminal Justice Participation
· Street Outreach
· Clergy
· Community
· Pub Ed Materials
· Law Enforcement
Norms
Risk
Alternatives
No Shootings
Interveners 3 Variables Behavioral Outcome
Implementing Behavior Change Theory
Differences between CeaseFire & Safe Streets
CeaseFire
Violence Interrupters
National Gangs
Safe Streets
Outreach Workers
Neighborhood Gangs
Role of the Oversight Entity (BCHD)
• Responsible for rigorous vendor and site selection process
• Provide implementation technical assistance to sites
• Intensive monitoring of community-based providers to ensure adherence to the Ceasefire model
• Creation of a citywide public education campaign
• Development of an expansion and sustainability plan for the Safe Streets initiative
Selection Process
• Open Request for Proposals
• Fifteen (15) eligible Community Statistical Areas (CSAs)
• Ten (10) eligible neighborhoods outside the eligible CSAs
• Target areas should have populations between 10,000 and 20,0000 people
Applicants must:
• Be designated as a 501(c)(3)
• Currently operate in the target community and have an office in the target community
Selection Criteria includes:
• Level of need in the selected target area
• Demonstrated understanding of the Safe Streets model
• Reputation and credibility of applicant in the target community
• Experience providing community outreach services to target population
Safe Streets East – The Living Classrooms FoundationMcElderry Park
• Main thoroughfare in East Baltimore
• Outreach Workers = Violence Interrupters
• Began working out of a car
• Success based on hiring the “Right” workers
In the first 23 months of implementation there were ZERO homicides
Safe Streets Cherry Hill –
Family Health Centers of Baltimore
• Extremely isolated area• Historic gang feud• Success based on community
partnerships• Evaluation results show a
approximately 56% decrease in homicide incidents and 34% decrease in NFS
CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTATION
City Agency = Political Pressure
+
You don’t share information with the police?!?!
The WRONG community partner
3 contiguous sites – Don’t try at this at home
Safe Streets - Cherry Hill was associated with statistically significant reductions of 56% in homicide incidents and 34% in nonfatal shootings
Safe Streets - East did not experience a homicide during the first 23 months of program implementation. After pilot of three sites ended, in the initial post homicides were 53% lower than would have been expected without the intervention
Evaluation ResultsKey findings:Safe Streets - Cherry Hill was associated with statistically significant reductions of 56% in homicide incidents and 34% in nonfatal shootings
Safe Streets - East did not experience a homicide during the first 23 months of program implementation. After pilot of three sites ended, in the initial post homicides were 53% lower than would have been expected without the intervention
Key findings:
Across all sites and border posts - estimates show that the program was associated with 5.4 fewer homicide incidents and 34.6 fewer nonfatal shooting incidents during 112 cumulative months of intervention post observations
Outreach Workers assisted 52% of program participants settle an average of 2 disputes. 28% of these disputes involved guns and 91% avoided violence. Overall, 80% of participants reported that their lives were “better” since becoming a program participant
Safe Streets-East Post 221
Incidents vs. Mediations
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
J an-08
Feb-08
Mar-08
Apr-08
May-08
J un-08
J ul-0
8Aug-08
Sep-08
Oct-08
Nov-08
Dec-08
J an-09
Feb-09
Mar-09
Apr-09
May-09
J un-09
J ul-0
9Aug-09
Sep-09
Oct-09
Nov-09
Dec-09
J an-10
Feb-10
Mar-10
Apr-10
May-10
J un-10
J ul-1
0Aug-10
Sep-10
Oct-10
Nov-10
Dec-10
J an-11
Feb-11
Mar-11
Apr-11
May-11
J un-11
Incidents Mediations
Analyses of program implementation data indicate that the sites with significant reductions in homicide incidents had three times as many conflict mediations per month.
Participants 146Face-to-Face Contacts 4,778Mediations 121Events 40Event Attendance 4,158Public Education Material Distributed 14,727
2010 Accomplishments
Move longest-running site
Expand to 2 additional neighborhoods
Enhance the current Public Education campaign
Pilot Violence Interrupters
Seek Funding
Next Steps for Safe Streets - Baltimore
Move Longest-running site
Expand to 2 additional neighborhoods
Enhance the current public education campaign
Pilot Violence Interrupters
Seek Funding
For Additional Information:
Lori Toscano, Acting Director
443.984.3566
www.Facebook.com/BmoreYVP
For Additional Information:
Lori Toscano, Acting Director
443.984.3566
www.Facebook.com/BmoreYVP
