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International Labour Organisation, Geneva 1
Government of LatviaInternational Labour Office, ILO
10 years of Cooperation in Labour Inspection Systems Reform
Riga, Latvia
Baltic Tripartite Conference
on Modern Labour
Inspection for the 21st Century
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 2
W. Freiherr von Richthofen*
Senior Labour Inspection Specialist and
Coordinator, Development of Inspection Systems,
SafeWork
* Enquiries or comments are invited by e-mail: [email protected], or by fax: 0041-22-
7996878
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 3
Introduction
• Labour inspection systems development for almost 40 years
• Expertise in three main areas:• Management of the cooperation
process• Technical (sector-specific)
competence• Training methodology
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 4
International Labour Standards
• Convention No. 81 (Labour Inspection in Industry and Commerce, Mining and Transport)
• Convention No.129 (Labour Inspection in Agriculture)
• Protocol to Convention No. 81 (Labour Inspection in Non-Commercial Services)
• Other OS&H standards (C.155, C.161, C.170, C.184, etc.)
• 130 ILO member States have ratified Convention No.81
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 5
Policy Framework (5 “Cs”)
– Clear– Considered– Comprehensive– Coherent– Consistent
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 6
A Policy Pyramid
Staff training policy
Labour and social protection policyLabour inspection policy
Enforcement policy Organization development incl. personnel policy
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 7
An In-depth Audit
• Industrially developed and developing countries
• Fundamental flaw in the previous approach to labour inspection
• Trade unions inspection responsibilities incompatible with role as social partners
• Dichotomy between occupational safety and occupational hygiene/health inspection
• Widespread practice of compensating workers for bad working conditions
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 8
Prevention to be a Major Function of the New Inspection Services
• Integrating occupational safety and occupational health enforcement
• Global approach to inspection training policies and programmes
• Training as part of the change process
• Pre-service, induction, further training, and training for higher responsibilities
• Task orientation and motivation orientation
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 9
The Baltic Labour Inspection Development Projects
• A technical cooperation project funded by Finland
• A UNDP funded project: ”Development of National Labour Protection Policies”
• A French-funded project: “Strengthening Inspection and Promotion Practices on General Conditions of Work”.
• Other projects: EU PHARE• The Nordic countries
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 10
Governments identified the following priorities (I)
• Consolidating the independent State Inspection services
• Integration of enforcement functions• Privatisation of technical safety
supervision• Development of modern inspection
methods• Separate, independent occupational
accident and disease insurance
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 11
Priority areas (II)
• Analysis of economic consequences of more effective labour inspection
• Introduction of a tripartite system of cooperation
• Regional cooperation amongst the Baltic Labour inspectorates
• Adopting new institutional patterns, solutions, and training programmes
• Approximation to relevant ILO Conventions and EU Directives
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 12
Main Problems inherited from the former command
system
– Fragmentation of labour protection responsibilities
– Separation of occupational safety from occupational hygiene
– Non-operational social partner representation
– Some 7,000 technical norms and standards
– Poor management of labour relations
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 13
The Core Problem
• Workers’ protection becoming increasingly problematic
• The privatisation process• “Learning the rules” of market
economies• Drastic degradation of the
working environment• Renewed exploitation of the
labour force
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 14
Main achievements in the first year:
• Comprehensive analysis in each Baltic country
• High-level commitment to project objectives
• Design of national labour protection policies
• EDP-based workplace information management systems (WIMS)
• Extensive study tours for key tripartite decision-makers
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 15
Collaboration between the Baltic States
– A high-level cooperation Conference in 1995; four areas for priority cooperation:
– A common labour inspection policy– Harmonisation and integration of legislation,
standards, regulations and procedures– Development of common EDP-based
information and management systems, including control of hazardous substances
– Common Baltic regional training policies and activities
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 16
Qualitative goals (“difficult areas”)
• Achievement commitment from highest policy decision-makers
• Transferring ownership• Qualitative changes in legislation• Changes in structures and
organisation • Practical interventions, e.g.
inspection procedures
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 17
Challenges for subsequent development
• Development of enterprise-level structures
• Reform of occupational health remnants of the former system
• Harmonisation of laws, removal of contradictions
• Development of a labour protection education and training system
• Methods of recognising, evaluating and controlling risks
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 18
Focus on development of a training capacity
• Developing an understanding of general concepts of learning
• New trends and concepts in training• Establishing qualification criteria for
labour inspectors• Defining tasks, functions and
operational responsibilities of national training units
• Collaboration with other national Baltic and international educational organisations
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 19
New aspects of Labour Protection
• Labour relations issues• Settlement of labour disputes• Paying salaries at the right time and
in full amount• Working hours, overtime• Special labour protection issues:
children, adolescents, women
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 20
A second Project
• How to develop labour relations policies
• How to cope with new labour laws
• How to use tripartism• How to organize labour
inspection• How to provide information
to workers and employers
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 21
Extensive Evaluation
• Baltic countries themselves the strongest reform-driving force
• Improved quality of outputs• Significantly increased cost-
effectiveness• Revision of all labour protection
acts• New State Labour
Inspectorates
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 22
Further Development Needs (I)
• Finalising national policies, harmonisation of legislation
• Improving management of labour inspectorates
• Terminating benefits for “dangerous employment”
• Revising accident investigation, notification and recording systems
• Training of trainers of employers and trade union members
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 23
Further Development Needs (II)
• Training of trainers for labour inspection• Developing occupational accident and
disease insurance systems• Patterns for integration of occupational
safety and occupational health• Developing occupational health services• Applying information technology to
labour inspection
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 24
Further Development Needs (III)
• Improving effectiveness of enterprise-level activities
• Opportunities for workers’representatives at plant level
• Dealing effectively with SMEs and the black economy
• Ratification of relevant ILO OS&H Conventions
• Development of a comprehensive enterprise-level prevention culture
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 25
Conclusions (I)(10 points for consideration)
• Clear indication of a strong political will to change
• In-depth audit of the inspection system and training needs analysis
• Critical look at management deficits
• Training not merely for technical know-how transfer
• A sound training policy
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 26
Conclusions (II)
• Standards of competence and performance
• Sustainability• Cultural and state-of-art
technical expertise• Address dysfunctional
issues• Competence in three crucial
areas
International Labour Organisation, Geneva 27
Thank you for your attention!
Wolfgang von RichthofenSenior Labour Inspection Specialist &
Coordinator, Development of Inspection System Unit
SafeWork
International Labour OfficeCH-1211 Geneva 22
Switzerland
Tel. (direct) 0041-22/799'70'54Fax. 0041-22/799'68'78