Colonized under Portuguese rule for 400 years- independence 1975

Devastating civil war lasting 27 years - ended 2002

BEFORE THE WAR, MOST PEOPLE SUPPORTED THEMSELVES BY SMALL-SCALE FARMING

RURAL AREAS AND FARMLAND ARE MANY PLACES LEFT USELESS, LITTERED BY LAND MINES. IN THE INLANDS, BIG AREAS OF FORMER FARMLANDS ALSO SUFFERS FROM DEGRADATION OF THE FERTILE SOILS

People migrating to the capital as a result of the civil war- the larger towns and cities were more safe

Luandas muceques 80 % of the urban population

Luandas baixa 20 % of the urban population

Massive construction boom as a result of oil revenues

LuandaFORMAL RESIDENTS

LuandaINFORMAL RESIDENTS

20% 80%

UN Habitat’s Executive Director Anna Tibaijuka called upon President dos

Santos to allocate 10% of Angola’s oil income to upgrading vital social services

such as housing, plumbing, clean water and electricity and praised Angola’s

stated commitment toward a slum revitalization program. Approximately 85% of

Angolans live in slum conditions surrounding major cities.

In April 2009, Angola announced the creation of a special fund to build one

million houses over the next four years. Three months later in July, three

thousand families were forcibly evicted from the Luanda neighborhoods of Iraque

and Bagdad, utterly demolishing homes and possessions.

“Armed police, soldiers and presidential guards arrived in both neighbourhoods at

3am on 20 July and ordered people out of their homes before bulldozers began

to demolish the houses. The residents stood and watched as their homes were

being demolished. Some of those who tried to stop the demolitions were beaten.”

Since 2001, Amnesty International has documented the forcible eviction of more

than 10,000 persons from slum dwellings in Angola, often accompanied by

violence including police indiscriminately firing their weapons and beating women

and children.

Source: Amnesty International

1,000,000 houses to be built by 2012 - is to inculde social housing for the poor - has been critisized as being million dollar houses

Big-scalenew social housing projects

“We face neither East nor West; We face forward”

Kwame Nkrumah

Today’s railways

Proposed railways

Today’s railways reflecting the colonial time’s utilization and exportation of resources. The proposed railway grid reflects A.U.s visions of a more united continent.

Luanda Railway

Benguela Railway

Mocamedes Railway

BROADLEAF EVERGREEN FOREST

UNDIFFERENTIATED GRASSLAND AND WOODLAND

DECIDUOUS FOREST AND GRASS

GRASSLAND

BRUSH

SAVANNA

DESERT

VEGETATION

1980 - 19,42 Km2

1989 - 100,80 Km2

1998 - 253,27 Km2

2000 - 270,05 Km2

2010 - 350,00 Km2

Luanda - rapid growth in population and size

“We have very little time, so we have to move slowly“

Kwame Nkrumah

The country continues to face massive developmental challenges including reducing the dependency on oil and diversifying the economy, rebuilding its infrastructure, improving institutional capacity, governance, public financial management systems, human development indicators and the living conditions of the population.

(World Bank)

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Rehabiliting the 480 km long CFL railway and the 16 railway stops along the way

NEW RAILWAY STATIONS ARE POPPING UP ALONG THE CFL RAILLINE

WORKING ON BOTH TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP-STRATEGIES.

A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION DEPENDS ON THE BOTTOM-UP PERSPECTIVES’ INFLUENCE ON THE TOP-DOWN STRATEGIES.

THE URBAN CORRIDOR (Luanda)

DIFFUSE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT (Railway potential)

CELL DIVISION

Second core

Working in the transition zone in Luanda, from urban corridor towards a ‘diffuse’ development.

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African Union’s work towards a more united continent Raillines as a part of this programPotential new development

Participation in process Railway station as local generator

Node thinking in Luanda’s outer areas and growth zonesWork towards inclusiveness and communityMezoscale identity